短文写作类型.doc

绣第 8 页绣短文写作类型:一， 命题作文：论点需自己自行确立，然后根据论点进行论证，得出结论。文章最好确立一个中心，建议采用三段式的论证方法。即，第一段提出论点，第二段举例论证，第三段得出结论。结尾可采用重申主题法或针对主题提出自己的看法，建议，主张，希望等。除此之外，也可采用一段式写作方法。这种方法的特点使文章看起来比较紧凑。三段式Title Introduction (Topic Sentence) Body Topic Sentence1 Supporting Idea1 Topic Sentence2 Supporting Idea2 Conclusion 一段式： Title Introduction (Topic Sentence)+Body (Topic Sentence1+Supporting Ideas+Topic Sentence2+Supporting Ideas)+Conclusion.二， 段首句式写作：供写作参考的信息为文章三段的首句。在写文章时，每段的第一句话必须使用规定的句子。然后再进行论证。在计算短文篇幅时，段首句的字数和所有标点都不计算在内。第一段首句：* Supporting Idea1第二段首局：* Supporting Idea2第三段首局：* Supporting Idea3一些命题的套用写作格式：，How to Many ways can contribute to solving this serious problem ,but the following ones may be most effective. First of all, . Besides/In additionAnother way to solve the problem of.is .,Finally.There are not the best and the only two/three measures we can take . But it should be noted that we should take strong actions to.Many ways can attribute to dealing with this problem but the following measures may ture out to be most effective.First of all.Besides.Another way to tackle thisFinallyAdmittedly , there are other measures we may take . But it should be noted/pointed out that it is.rather thanthat means a lot.,Why. , There are many reasons/causes for. , but in general , they come down to three major ones. For one thing , , For another . , Perhaps the prime reason/cause is that. From the foregoing. There are many factors that many account for/contribute to/responsible for the reason why,but the following are the most typical ones. First, Besides/Furthermore/Moreover/In addition. Most important of all/Above all,. All in all/In conclusion,., A or B. When we/you , we/you will be faced with the choice between A and B, Before making the right choice , we/you had better make a close comparison and contrast of them. First of all, A . ,Also, B , Second , A . Likewise B Despite their similarities , A and B are also different in the following aspects ,First ,A ,However , B . Besides , A .On the contrary , B . Therefore, it depends which we/you should choose. If we/you, we/you should chose A ; but if we/you . , we/you should turn to B. When we . , it is inevitable to meet the choice between A and B , We should be regarded as inconsiderate if we rushed our decision without comparing or contrasting them. First/First of all/To begin with , both A and B . A . , However , B .Besides/In addition/Whats more, A .However /In contrast/On the contrary/On the other hand , . Finally , the most striking difference is that A . while B . Therefore, it is not difficult to make a right choice now . If we . ,we will choose A ; but if we , we will turn to B , In a word , the key lies in.There has always between an argument between A and B . Those who hold the opinion of A tend to , whereas those who are in favor of B think.However, there are some pitfalls in the opinion on the part of both side , If . , and the same is true if .In my opinion, A and B cannot be separated. On one hand. On the other hand.,My View on Peoples views/ideas/opinions on vary from person to person . Some people think that They hold this opinion because However , others hold that As to me , I am in favor of the first/second idea . The following are reason of(for) my choice First , while it is true that , it doesnt mean that Besides , . Admittedly , . but this is not to say that .Therefore/In a word/From the foregoing.Different people have different views on . It is held that But it is also held that Those who hold the first opinion . In contract, those who hold the second view .As to me , I agree with the latter opinion . Admittedly , but this is not to say that .When asked about a theme , different people will ofter different opinions , .is no exception . Some people take it for granted that , However , others hold that As for as I am concerned , Im in favor of the second view . The reasons are an follows .First , there is an element of truth that . but it doesnt follow that . A case in point is that . Therefore , the first view doesnt hold water/cannot bear much analysis/cannot stand up to does esamination. In conclusion,Advantage and Disadvantages of 利弊Nowadays , .are/is very popular around us/plays an important part/role in . Like everything else , .has /have both favorable and unfavorable aspects . Generally , the advantages can be listed as follows .First ,. Besides , . Most important of all.But every coin has two sides. The negative aspects are also apparent . To begin with To make matters worse/Worst of all , .Through above analysis , I believe that the advantages/positive aspects outweigh the disadvantages/negative ones . Therefore , 三， 情景写作：情景写作一般指便条写作（Note-writing）。不管是私人信函、商业信函还是各类便条都是重要的交际形式。所以，要写好各种信函和便条，首先要掌握起语言形式，同时必须熟悉并运用恰当的内容格式。1， 信头（Heading）写信人的地址和写信日期，一般在信纸的右上角。先写地址再写日期。地址从小到大，日期分英式和美式，英国人习惯按日月年的顺序，1 st October ,2005美国人习惯按月日年顺序，October 1,2005 (前种逗号可加可不加，第二种必须使用逗号。)2， 信内地址（Inside Address）收信人姓名和地址，在日期下一两行左上角。3， 称呼（Salutation）熟悉的人：Dear或是My Dear。不知婚否的女性：Ms.不熟悉的人：Dear sir，Dear Madam，Dear sirs，Gentleman等。4， 正文（Body of Letter）常用开头语有： I have received your letter of .*月*日来信已收悉。 I have the pleasure to tell you that很高兴地告诉你. I am very much delghted to receive your letter.非常高兴收到你的来信。 It is my honor to inform you that.很荣幸告诉你. Thank you for your letter of.谢谢你.的来信。常用的结束语“ I am looking forward to hearing from you .期盼你的回信。 With best regards.祝好。 Thank you for your help.感谢你的帮助。 Hoping to hear from you soon.希望尽早收到你的回信。5， 结束语（Complimentary Close）正文之后隔一两行偏右方写。开头字母用大写，以后的字母用小写，最后一个词语后面用逗号。常用的结束语有： 一般非正式关系：Yours sincerely，Yours truly，Yours faithfully，Most sincerely， 亲密关系：Yours ever,Lovingly yours, 上级长者：Yours respectfully，Faithfully yours,6， 署名（Signature）如果收信人不认识写信人，可以在署名后用括号标出Mr.、Miss或Ms。在名称下面可注上头衔。7， 附言（Postscript），附件（Enclosure）-*(Lin Xiang)China National Import&Export Corp.ShanghaiP.R.ChinaOctober 15 ，2005*( )Morris Barrington Bros. Ltd.910 Queen Victoria StreetLondon,E.C.4EnglandDear Sirs,1，The introductory paragraph (There are several things you can do.) greet the addressee tell the addressee who you are (if he/she does not know you) thank the addressee (if he/she has sent you a letter or done something for you) explain your reasons for writing 2, The body is the middle part of the letter which contains most of the important information. if your letter is making a request (introductory paragraphexplain the situationdetails of your requestclosing paragraph) if your letter is giving an apology (introductory paragraphexplain why you must apologizealternative plan(if appropriate)closing paragraph) if your letter is making a complaint (introductory paragraphexplain problemssay what you think the addressee should doclosing paragraph) if your letter is giving information (introductory paragraphinformationoffer more information(if appropriate)closing paragraph) if your letter is making suggestions (introductory paragraphmake first suggestionprovide an alternative to this suggestion or make a second suggestionclosing paragraph) 3, Closing paragraph depends on what you have written in the rest of your letter,some possibilities are listed here. if your letter is making a requestmention what the addressee will do Thank you for your attention to this letter. I look forward to your prompt response. Please write back soon. if your letter is giving an apologymake a final apology Once again , I am sorry for any inconvenience causes. I hope I didnt cause you too much trouble. Please accept my apologies once more. if your letter is making a complaintmention what the addressee will do I expect to hear from you very soon. Please give this matter your immediate attention. if your letter is giving informationsay you hope you have been helpful or offer more information I hope this information will help you. I hope all this helps. Please feel free to contact me for more information if your letter is making suggestionssay you hope you have been helpful or offer more help I hope these suggestions have been helpful. Please let me know if I can help any further If there is anything else I can do ,please call me. Yours faithfully, Lin xiang Manager -一些信件的套用格式：1，自荐信，类似于求职信。在不明确阅信人为何人时，可用To Whom It May Concern (敬启者，意为任何一个阅读此信的人)。此信件用平头式，文章各部分与左边对齐，常用语商务书信，美国人及加拿大人习惯采用。I am a graduate from . I would like to come to your company. 我是（某校的）毕业升。我想到贵公司工作。I learned from this mornings paper that there is a vacancy for a * in your company, I wish to be considered as an applicant for the position. 我从今晨报纸上得知贵公司有一*空缺职位。我希望能作为申请者予以考虑。As I am going to graduate from East China Normal University, I would like to apply for a position with your university. 我将毕业于华东师大，我想到贵校工作。If you wish further information ,I would send it promptly upon your request. 如果需要进一步的信息，我会按照你们的要求即刻发出。2，感谢信，常用套语如下：Please accept my sincere appreciation for your cooperation. 请接受我对你们的合作表示真挚的感谢。I am very sincerely grateful to you those few lines. 非常感谢您的友好款待。With the deepest gratitude I write you those few lines. 带着万分感激的心情给您写几句。Please accept my most cordial thanks for your timely help which will engrave in my thankful mind 您给我的即使帮助将铭记在新，我想您致以最诚挚的谢意。Thank you so much for. 非常感谢。3，感谢信，常用邀请及复信用语如下：It is