21世纪大学英语第一册第一单元笔记 Bitterweeet Memories.doc

Unit One Text BBittersweet MemoriesI. Text-related InformationAt a high school graduation ceremony in the United States, the students, dressed in “caps and gowns”, parade into the auditorium while music is played. The color of the tassel on top of the cap matches the school color. Before officially graduating, the tassel is on the right side of the cap. After speeches from the principal, honored guests, visiting alumni, and so on, the name of each student is read loud. That student comes to the stage, gets his or her diploma and the tassel is moved to the let side to symbolize that the student is now a graduate. II. Language Focus1. come of agebecome legally an adulte.g.Now that I have come of age, I can sense that my parents begin to treat me a little differently. Youll have the right to vote upon coming of age.2. on ones ownalone, not with family or friendse.g. How can you expect me to finish the whole project totally on my own?Leave the kids on their own, and youll see how creative they are.3. look over ones shoulderkeep an eye on sb.e.g.As Im new here, I dont mind having someone looking over my shoulder when I do the job. 由于我是新人，我不介意当我工作的时候有人监督我。Sam didnt realize that the police had been looking over his shoulder for a long time.山姆没有意识到警方已经关注他一段时间了。 Youre supposed to have a good self-control on your own at college since nobody will look over your shoulder as before. 你应该有很好的自控力在大学期间，因为没有人会象以前一样监督你了。4. force sth. on sb.force sb. to accept sth.e.g.I dont want to force my preference on you. Pick up whichever one you like.You should try to persuade him rather than forcing the decision on him.你应该尽力说服他而不是强行让他接受这个决定。5. happen todo or be sth. by chancee.g.I happened to bring my umbrella when it rained.下雨的时候我刚好带伞了。Do you happen to have some coins?你带零钱了吗？She happened to be at the gate when I went by.我路过的时候她刚好在门口。8. keep up (with)catch up, not fall behinde.g.I cant keep up with all the changes in computer technology.计算机技术的各种改进有些我已跟不上了。How many of your old school friends do you keep up with?你和中学时的老同学保持联系的有多少?She likes to keep up with the latest fashions.她喜欢穿戴入时。They could not keep up with us when we climbed the mountain.爬山时，他们跟不上我们。I think it important that we keep up with the times.我认为跟上时代是很重要的。9. what ifwhat would happen ife.g. What if the boys parents should die?如果那男孩的父母死了该怎么办呢？What if I fail!即使我失败了又怎样！What if he comes back now?如果他现在回来怎么办？What if he doesnt agree?如果他不同意该怎么办呢？What if it is true?如果这是真的又该如何呢？11. file intowalk one behind the other in a line into e.g. The leaders of the seven countries filed into the conference room.Guards were appointed to make sure that people file into the bank rather than swamping into it.12. well up- (眼泪等)涌上, 涌现e.g. Joy welled up in his heart.欢迎涌上他的心头。Hes well up in all the latest developments in the industry.他很熟悉这个行业中所有的最新情况。Tears welled up in her eyes.泪水涌上她的眼眶。13. asalthoughe.g. Smart as the guy is, he is unlikely to achieve much because of his laziness.Simple as you consider the drill is, it is very useful in training your ability.14. turn out to be原来是，结果是，被证明是e.g. I think the experiment will turn out to be successful, but Im keeping my fingers crossed.我认为该实验结果会成功的，但我还是将手指交叉以求好运。The rumors of a petrol shortage turned out to be a false alarm.汽油短缺的谣传原来是一场虚惊。I knew it would turn out to be one of those days when I overslept.我明白，如果我睡过头，那结果会是很不妙的。He turned out to be fickle - he has left me.他原来是个善变的人 - 他离开我了。15. as for关于，至于e.g. As for you, you ought to be ashamed of yourself.至於你，你应该感到惭愧。As for the hotel, it was very uncomfortable and miles from the sea.至於旅馆呢，非常不舒服，而且离海边有好几里地。As for you, I refuse to have any dealings with you.至于你，我不想跟你打任何交道。III. Words1. particular- adj. 特殊的, 特别的, 特定的, 挑剔的n. 个别项目, 详细说明e.g. He gave full particulars of the stolen property.他详细列出全部被盗的财物。This work should be done correctly in all particulars.这项工作每一点都必须做到正确无误。Im not particular how you do it as long as it gets done.只要把它完成了，你怎么做我并不计较。There was nothing in the letter of particular importance.这封信里没有什么特别重要的事。【语法用法】 paticular作为形容词，解释为“特定的”，“特别的”，强调之所以与连接的其他名词区别开来的原因。e.g. That performance brings Music at Nightto a close for this particular Thursday.这表明所带来“音乐之夜”在特定周四结束。in particular(particularly)，与in general(generally)形式相同，但是意思相反，通常用在名词之后。两者从意思上来看，有形容词的性质，实际上却为副词。e.g.I like to read book in general and English book in particular.be particular about表示“过于讲究的”，“苛求的”。e.g.I must be careful with my work; my teacher is very particular about spelling.2. locate-vt. 把 . 设置在, 使坐落于, 找出vi. 住下来e.g. Locate an agent in Rochester.把代理处设于罗切斯特After he retires hes going to locate in California.他打算退休后到加里弗尼亚定居。The company wished to locate its new factory beside the river.这家公司希望把新工厂设在河边。3. feasiblethat can be done; practicable; possiblee.g.The plan did not seem feasible.这个计划似乎没法实行。The plan is feasible in reason but impractical.这个计划道理上行得通，但不现实。A feasible plan.可行的计划Its quite clear that the electric car is technically feasible.很清楚，电动汽车在工艺技术上是可行的。 feasibilitythe quality of being doablee.g. Experts were divided on the feasibility of the project.专家们对该计划的可行性意见不一。The department has produced a feasibility report on the development project.这个部已经拿出了一份开发项目的可行性报告。4. perspectivethe view from which a matter is judged, so that (proper) consideration and importance is given to each part.e.g.Thats an interesting perspective on privacy issues.那是一个关于隐私问题的很有意思的看法。Both parties will give their perspectives at the meeting.会上两个政党将给出他们自己的观点。He writes from a Marxist perspective.5. concern-n. 关心, 忧虑, 关心的事; n. 公司, 企业vt. 涉及, 影响, 关心e.g. This restaurant is a family concern.这家饭店是由一家人经营的。These problems concern all of us.这些问题影响到我们每一个人。How much money I earn is none of your concern.我挣多少钱与你无关。【语法用法】 so far as . is/are concerned，as far as . is/are concerned，so far as concerns和as concerns都是“就.而言”的意思。注意后两种表达中concerns用复数不用单数； concern to后加不同动词有不同目的。e.g.He was concerned to hear of her ill health.to hear表示原因He was concerned to improve her health.to improve表示目的concern后加不同介词时，表示不同意思。e.g.He was concerned about the matter.他为了这件事关心或担心。He was concerned in the matter.他参与了这件事。He was concerned with the matter.他跟这件事有关。be concerned with常与concern意思相同，concerned with常与concerning意思相同。下面两句子意思一样：e.g.The story is concerned with a national hero.The story concerns a national hero.这个故事牵涉到一个民族英雄。concerned等于that is concerned或who are concerned，如everybody concerned (每个有关的人)，all concerned (有关各方) 和the department concerned (有关部门）。注意that is不可写出； your concern for me意为“你对于我的关怀”，your concern over me 意为“你对于我的担心”； To whom it may concern或To Whom It May Concern用在不指明收信者是谁的信里，当作称呼语。这种信通常没有Yours，turely等信尾客套语。6. survive-vt. 比 . 活得长, 幸免于难, 艰难度过vi. 活着, 继续存在e.g. The urge to survive drove them on.求生的欲望驱使他们继续努力。You need to be tough to survive in the jungle.要在丛林中活下来就要有坚忍不拔的意志。If the industry doesnt modernize it will not survive.该制造业若不现代化就不能继续存在。These birds are able to survive the perils of the Arctic winter.这些鸟能够战胜北极冬天的危险。Will we all survive until the year 2000? Thats the sixty-four thousand dollar question.我们大家是否都能活到公元2000年? 这个问题很难回答。The human race cannot survive.人类不能继续生存.In the jungle, they were driven to extremes in order to survive.在丛林中，他们为了生存被迫采取极端行动。7. transfer-n. 迁移, 移动, 换车v. 转移, 调转, 调任e.g.He intends to transfer the property to his son.他打算把财产转让给儿子。He was soon transferred to another post.他很快被调职。【词义辨析】 move, shift, transfer, remove这些动词均可表示“从一处移往另一处”之意。move: 普通用词，指从一处到另一处的任何距离的转移。shift: 侧重位置与方向的改变。transfer: 一般表示转送、移交或迁移，尤指交通运输中的换乘或职务的调动等。remove: 作“移动”解时，与move可换用，还可指撤职或开除学藉等。8. despitein spite ofe.g.Despite all our efforts we still lost the game.尽管我们尽了全力，我们还是输掉了比赛。She managed despite everything to preserve her sense of humour.她不管遇到什麽情况都竭力保持著幽默感。Demand for these books is high, despite their high price.尽管这些书价钱昂贵，对他们的需求仍然很高。He came to the meeting despite his illness.尽管生病，他还是来参加会议。【语法用法】 despite有时解释为“虽然有”。e.g.I shall try again despite the difficulty.虽然有困难，我会再试一次。in despite of和despite of也表示“不管，尽管”，但是使用不普遍； 从语气上看，despite比in spite of要轻。【词义辨析】 despite, in spite of, notwithstanding这些前置词或前置短语都含有“虽然，尽管”之意。despite: 书面用词，指不受某事或某种原因的阻碍，语气轻于in spite of。in spite of: 在这些词中语气最强，可与despite换用，口语或书面语中均可使用。notwithstanding: 语气最弱，仅表示一种障碍的存在。9. anticipatethink likely to happen, expecte.g. We anticipate that we will meet a certain amount of resistance to our plan.我们预料我们的计划会遇到一些人的反对。It is unwise to anticipate your earnings by spending a lot of money.大量花钱提前使用自己的收入是不明智的。In business, youve got t