book 5 unit 2 知识点.doc

第二单元的知识点:1. unite vi. & vt. 联合；团结adj. united 一致的，统一的；团结的，和睦的adv. unitedly 团结一致地；联合在一起地n. unity 团结；一致；联合；个体 v. uniting 使团结；使联合；使结婚（unite的现在分词）Care must be taken to unite with all those that can be united with.必须注意团结一切可以团结的人。 2. consist of = be made up of consist of 无被动和进行时态由组成consist of由构成consist in在于；存在于consist with符合；与一致What will life consist of on other planets?在其他的星球上，生命将由何组成？They always consist of a single, inlined region. 它们始终有单一的、内联的区域组成。3. devide:v.（常与in, into连用）分开；划分The Nile divides near its mouth and forms a delta.尼罗河在靠近河口的地方分开，形成一个三角洲。Lets divide ourselves into several groups. 我们分成几个小组吧。v.（常与out连用）分；分食Children, divide the cake up between / among you. 孩子们，你们把这个蛋糕分了吃吧。v. 除15 divided by3 is 5. 3除15等于5。Three will not divide into eleven. 3除不尽11。归纳发展辨析：divide与separateseparate意指为相隔的和保持相隔的；(把联合在一起或靠近的人或物分离出来）divide暗示通过或好像通过切开、劈开或分割形成几部分、几份额或几份；这个词经常用来指分离成相对的或敌对的组。（把整体分为若干部分）The childs parents have separated. 这个孩子的父母已经分居了。We divided the orange into segments. 我们将橘子分成几瓣。be divided into 被分为be separated from 与分隔4.clarify klrfav.澄清Adj. clarified 澄清的；透明的n. clarity 清楚，明晰；透明 clarification 澄清，说明；净化v. clarified 阐明（clarify的过去分词形式）；澄清He issued a statement to clarify the situation.他发表了一项声明以澄清形势。5.accomplish kmplv.完成adj. accomplished 完成的；熟练的，有技巧的；有修养的；有学问的 accomplishable 可完成的；可达成的n. accomplishment 成就；完成；技艺，技能accomplish nothing一事无成；一无所成Itll require indomitable will to accomplish the task.完成这项工作需要百折不回的毅力。6. conflictknflkt n.矛盾adj. conflicting 冲突的；相矛盾的；不一致的v. conflicting 冲突；争执（conflict的ing形式）in conflict with和冲突conflict with冲突；与抵触in conflict有矛盾；不一致conflict of interest利益冲突；公职人员对公众义务与其本身利益相冲突conflict resolution冲突解决；冲突消除The hours of those two exams conflict.那两门测验的钟点互有抵触。7.unwilling nwladj.不愿意（的）adv. unwillingly 不情愿地；勉强地n. unwillingness 不愿意；不情愿To judge by the paper, the administration is unwilling even to think about this.根据这份报告判断，本届政府对这个问题连想都不愿意想。8. break away (from) 要点提示从逃脱，挣脱；逃离The prisoner broke away from the two policemen who were holding him.犯人从两名警察的看护中逃了出去。摆脱；放弃；脱离（团体、组织等）an innovative musician who broke away from the classical tradition. 一位摆脱古典传统的革新派音乐家。归纳拓展break down 分解；（机器）坏掉，发生故障；（健康）垮掉break away from 从摆脱，逃脱break into 强行闯入break up 解散，终止，结束break in 插嘴break out 发生，爆发（不及物）break through 突破，突围单项选择News reports say peace talks between the two countries _ with no agreement reached. A. have broken down B. have broken outC. have broken inD. have broken up副词填空The war broke _ in 1942.When I was reading at home, he broke _.His car broke _ on the road.The sough broke _ from the north.9. union junnn.联合student union学生会；大学的学生活动大楼Some of the union members did not want to picket.工会的一些会员不想担任罢工纠察员。10. credit krdtn.信任credit card信用卡；记帐卡letter of creditn. 商（银行发行的）信用证credit system信用制度；信贷制度；赊购或赊销制度credit risk信用风险；信贷风险；信用危机on credit赊帐I didnt credit that absurd tale.我不相信那个荒谬绝伦的故事to ones credit为带来荣誉11. currencyknsi n.货币foreign currencyn. 外币reserve currency储备货币currency exchange货币兑换；外汇兑换single currency单一货币；统一货币local currencyn. 本国货币This currency exchanges at par.这些货币平价兑换。The currency has devalued at a rapid rate.货币已以很快的速度贬值了。You can change your sterling into the local currency at the airport.你可以在机场把你的英镑兑换成当地的货币。12.education edjke()nadj.教育的higher education高等教育（指含大学以上的教育）vocational education职业教育physical educationn. 体育课；体育教育词根：educateadj. educational 教育的；有教育意义的 educated 受过教育的；有教养的 educative 教育的，教育上的adv. educationally 教育上地He received part of his education in England.他有一部分教育是在英国接受的。13.convenienceknvinns n.便利adj. convenient 方便的adv. conveniently 便利地；合宜地convenient time / momentconvenient for sb.Is three oclock for you?Im afraid this isnt a very time -could you call back later?for convenience 为了方便起见We must consult his convenience.我们必须考虑到他的方便14.roughrf adj.粗糙的in rough作为草稿；在草稿纸上in the rough未完成的；未加工的；大致上rough surface粗糙表面rough and tumble争夺；乱作一团rough machining粗加工15.roughly adv.粗略地adj. roughish 略粗糙的；略粗暴的；有点刺耳的；略有风浪的adv. roughly 粗糙地；概略地n. roughness 粗糙（度）；粗暴；猛烈；篷乱毛发；未加工16.nationwide ,nenwadadj.全国性的But a nationwide survey recently found that some people think too much about life.但最近一个全国性的调查发现，一些人对生活思考太多。17.attract trktv.吸引attract foreign investment吸引外商投资；对外招商attract investment招商，招商引资词根：attractadj. attractive 吸引人的；有魅力的；引人注目的 attractable 可被吸引的adv. attractively 迷人地；有吸引力地；动人地n. attraction 吸引，吸引力；引力；吸引人的事物 attractiveness 吸引力；迷惑力 attractor 自 吸引子；引起注意的人It is a property of matter to attract.物质具有吸引力的性质。18.historical hstrkladj.历史（上）的historical development历史发展；心理种族发生historical data史料；历史资料historical materialism历史唯物主义；历史唯物论historical records历史记录；历史记载；旧案；汗青historical sites名胜古迹；历史遗迹词根：historyadj. historic 有历史意义的；历史上著名的 historied 有历史的；史上所载的adv. historically 历史上地；从历史观点上说n. history 历史，历史学；历史记录；来历 historian 历史学家We have shared the same historical experiences.咱们有着共同的历史遭遇。19.collection klknn.收藏品要点提示C 收藏品，收集物，作品集Ill add it to my stamp collection. 我会把它加进我所集的邮票中。Her new book is a collection of short stories. 她的新书是一部短篇小说集。U 收集，收取，领取The local council is responsible for the collection of domestic waste.地方市政负责收集居民垃圾的事务。C 募捐，捐款His workmates held / made a collection for his leaving party.他的工友为他的告别晚会募捐。归纳拓展collect v. 收集，集中，收藏，募集（捐款等）；collectable adj. 适于收藏的，流行收藏的；n. 收藏品collected adj. 泰然自若的，镇定的collective adj. 集体的，共同的collect ones thoughts 集中思想collect stamps 集邮collect for charity 慈善募捐the collected works 作品集单项选择The captain _ all his soldiers.A. collectedB. gatheredC. selected D. elected20. administrationd,mnstren n.管理administration of(法律、惩罚等的)施行，执行，实行，实施；(药的)服用；用法；给与；(庄严的誓言或诺言的)提出，宣誓 【法律】遗产管理，由(行政)官员管理遗产 business administration企业管理；经营管理public administration公共行政；公共管理；行政管理general administration总管理处The enterprise has been put under local administration.这个企业已划归地方管理。The administration of city schools was centralized last year.市立学校从去年开始集中管理。21.port prtn.港口at the port作持枪的姿势 in port在港内serial port计串行端口；序列埠port cityn. 港口城市port area码头区；港口区；喷口面积They have bunkered in our port.他们已在我们港口加了燃料。Our ship watered at the port.我们的船在港口加了水。22.countrysidekntrsad n.乡下in the countryside在乡村，在农村；在乡下：countryadj. country 乡下的；粗野的n. country 国家；故乡She bundled him off to the countryside.她匆匆把他撵到乡下去。23.enjoyable ndbladj.令人愉快的词根：enjoyadv. enjoyably 愉快地；有趣地；可享乐地n. enjoyment 享受；乐趣；享有vt. enjoy 欣赏，享受；喜爱；使过得快活Thank you for one of the most enjoyable visits we have had in many months.在您处的参观访问，是我们几个月中最愉快的一次。 谨向您表示感谢。24.leave out 遗漏，漏掉，排除 Youve left out a zero in this phone number.All the other seemed to know each other and I began to feel left out.leave sb alone = leave him to himself leave sth. alone = dont touch it leave sth behind 落下，留下 leave word with sb 给某人留下口信 leave sth open/ untidy/ on/ off25.opportunity ,ptuntin.机会seize the opportunity抓住机遇，抓住机会rare opportunity稀有机会，难得机会equal opportunity机会均等opportunity cost机会成本business opportunity商业机会They catch at every opportunity to make money.他们抓住一切机会来赚钱。I wish to take this opportunity to thank you all.我愿借此机会向大家表示感谢。John watched every opportunity because he wanted to get on.约翰盯住每一个机会，因为他想获得成功。26.description dskrpnn.描写describe sb. as.描述成Sarab described him as shy. describe sth./sb. to sb. 向某人描述So describe this new classmate to me!n. give a () description ofI gave them a detailed description of my car.27.furnished fntadj.配备好装备的be furnished with提供，备有Furnish 1)(在房屋等内)布置家具 Eg. The house was simply furnished. 2)向（某人/某事物）供应，提供 furnish A with B 将B提供给A/用B装备A Eg. She furnished him with the facts surrounding the case.辨析furnish, equipe与supplyFurnish furnish A with B 与be furnished with 指供给生活所必备的或为生活舒适所需的家具 Eg. Ill furnish my house with furniture.我要为我的房子置办家具。equip equip A with B 常表示“装备”工作所需要的东西 eg. The room is equipped with the air conditioning.Supply supply sb. with sth=supply sth to sb. 可用于指在任何环境下“供给”任何东西 Eg. The merchant supplies goods to them.单词积累Furniture 家具 furnishings家具，室内陈设What style furnished do you have?你的家具是什么风格的？28.possibility,psblti n.可能性production possibility生产可能性by any possibility万一；可能We had to explore this possibility very gingerly.我们必须极其小心地探索这个可能性。A peace settlement now looks like a real .Theres a possibility that he might get back.Its possible (for sb) to do sth/ thatI want to avoid the rush hour if possible.Would it be possible? 可以吗？as as possible whenever/ wherever possible-Do you think it was murder? Quite possibly.29.plus plsprep.加上Prep: 1+1=2 One plus one equals two.The book has 250 pages, plus 20 pages of appendices.(附录)Adj: plus factor/ point 有利因素，优点Another point for the system is thatShe earns $50,000 a year plus. 多于plus or minus正负号；增减one plus one一加一plus side正侧；加侧It is the value plus or minus something.而是这个值加上或减去某个东西。30.quarrel kwrln.争吵quarrel withv. 抱怨；不同意；拒绝接受；跟吵架quarrel about争论；为争吵They have patched up their quarrel.他们已经停止了争吵。My patience is almost worn away by their endless quarrel.他们不停的争吵使我的忍耐接近于极限了。31.alike 不用于名词前 a./ adv. 同样地，一样地My mother and I are in many ways.The twins were dressed .I enjoy being on this course - I learnt a lot from teachers and students . 32.Take the place of=take ones place代替“代替”的种种表达法：take the place of, take ones place, replace in, in place of, instead of拓展In place在适当的位置，适当的In place of代替In sbs place 处于某人的位置Out of place不适当的，离开原来的地方Take place发生，举行In the first place首先，第一The chairman is ill in hospital now, so we have no idea who will _ in the coming conference.A. take his place B. take place C. take place of him D. take the place of33arrange 筹备，安排，整理 James is arranging a big surprise party for Helens birthday.He has arranged his CDs in order.Ive arranged for a taxi to meet you at the airport.arrange sth for sb为某人安排某事arrange for sth / sb to do sth使某事物发生;安排某人做某事arrange (with sb) to do sth (与某人)约定做某事make arrangements for 安排好34.wedding wdn.婚礼wedding dress结婚礼服wedding day举行婚礼的日子；结婚纪念日wedding anniversary结婚纪念日；结婚周年纪念日wedding ring结婚戒指All the wedding invitations have gone out.所有的结婚请帖都发出去了。She was all flustered up just before the wedding.婚礼快要到来时，她心情十分紧张。His wedding clashed with my examination so I couldnt go.他的婚礼与我的考试时间冲突，所以我去不了。35.fold foldv.对折fold up倒闭；撒手；垮台；放弃fold belt褶皱带fold increase成倍增加vocal fold声襞fold line折线；折纹；返折线Players use their computers to fold proteins.玩家用他们的电脑折叠蛋白。Fold the card.折叠这张卡片。Each fold in the skirt should be exactly the same width.裙子每条皱折的宽度应该完全一样。36.sightseeing satsin.观光go sightseeing去观光sightseeing tour观光旅游sightseeing bus观光巴士；游览巴士；旅游客车sightseeing car游览客车；观光汽车After a day of sightseeing, take in a musical or play in one of the world renowned Broadway Theaters.游览一天后，你可以在世界享有生命的百老汇歌剧院听音乐会或看戏剧。37.delight dlatn.快乐 要点提示vt. & vi. 给予乐趣；使人高兴I was delighted to be invited to her party. 我很高兴被邀请参加她的晚会。v.（常与in连用）热衷于；引以为乐She delights in cooking lovely meals. 她以烹饪美食为乐。n. 乐趣；喜悦；欣喜He laughed with delight. 他高兴地大笑。n. 赏心乐事Travelling is my chief delight. 旅游是我最大的赏心乐事。归纳拓展delighted adj. 高兴的 delightedly adv. 欣喜地，高兴地delightful adj. 令人喜悦的，令人快乐的，有趣的take / find delight in 以为乐be / feel delighted at / by / with 因而高兴to ones delight / joy 令人高兴的是38.royalrl adj.王室的royal family王室；皇族royal jelly蜂王浆，王浆royal society（英）皇家学会royal palace皇家宫殿News is flying about concerning a royal wedding.有关皇室婚礼的消息不胫而走。But in science everything is there to be questioned - that should be the very essence of the Royal Society.但在科学领域可以质疑一切这应该是皇家学会的最本质信条。39.uniform junfrmn.制服in uniform穿制服uniform distribution均匀分布；一致分布school uniform校服Lamp that guy in uniform.看一眼那个穿制服的家伙。He looks quite smart in his uniform.他穿着制服显得很帅。40.statue sttun.雕像statue of libertyn. 自由女神bronze statue铜像；青铜像She superseded the old statue.她把那个旧的塑像扔掉了。41.imaginarymdnri adj.想象中的imaginary part计虚部imaginary line假想线；虚线imaginary number虚数imaginary circle虚圆This time it must of its nature be an imaginary one.这次，由于其本质必须是一个想象的。42.original rdnladj.最初的original design原设计；初始设计original data原始资料；源数据original image原始图像Of the original ten, four or so remain.在原有的十个中，留下约四个左右。She was distracted from her original interest.她改变了自己原有的兴趣。43.thrillrl v.n. 激动，胆战心惊，刺激Peter thinks using guns gives him a thrill.the thrill of travelling at speedThe magic of music continues to thrill the audience.We were so thrilled to hear about the baby.thrilling = interesting and exciting44.error rn.错误computer error计算机出错human error 人为错误error of judgement判断失误be in error 犯错，失误The company admitted that they were in .The letter was opened in .Trial and error 反复试验How can she explain away her error?她是怎样把错误解释过去的?45.tense tnsn.时态past tense过去式tensed up口紧张的；口忧虑不安present tense语现在式时态future tense未来式；语法将来时态present perfect tense现在完成式The tense silence was punctuated by bursts of gunfire.紧张的寂静不时为一阵阵的炮火声所打破。46.consistent knsstntadj.一致的be consistent with 相一致，相吻合These actions are consistent with his principles.这些行为与他的原则是一致的。课文重要的句型：1Now when people refer to England , you may find Wales included as well .本句中含有find复合结构,即“find+宾语+宾补”,因为宾语Wales和include存在逻辑上的被动关系,故用过去分词作宾补。另外,可作宾补结构的除了过去分词外还有现在分词、名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式等。v.+ object（宾语）+ object cmplemet （宾补）eg. Speak louder to make yourself heard . adj. 作宾补eg. Leave the door open . V-ing 作宾补eg. He kept us waiting for ten hours . （to） do 作宾补eg. He advised us to leave at once .用所给动词的适当形式填空He had his money _（steal）.I saw him _（beat）by Tom.The murderer was brought in , with his hands _（tie）behind his back .I couldnt do my homework with all that noise _ going（go）on.We dont allow anyone to smoke（smoke）here.2.When people refer to England mention or speak of sb. or sth.提到；说到eg. Dont refer to this matter again , please . be relevant to sb. or sth.;concern sb. or sth.与有关eg. What I have to say refers to all of you . turn to sth. or sb. for information 向 查询；查阅eg. refer to a dictionary refer to sb./ sth. as 称为；把看作eg. The professor referred to the discovery as a major breakthrough in medical field .当我在课堂上提到即将到来的假期时，所有的同学都兴奋起来。When I referred to the coming holiday in class , students became excited.The person _ at the meeting was myformer headteacher. A. refers to B. referred to C. referring to D. to refer to 3. by getting Ireland connected get sth done =have sth done 使某事被做.e.g. Ill just get these dishes washed and then Ill come.get + n. + to doget + n. + doing Youll get her to agree.Ill get the car going. get done: 用于意想不到、突然或偶然发生，意为“被.”e.g. Be careful when you cross this very busy street. Alexander tried to get his work _ in medical circles .Ato recognize B. recognizing C.recognize D. recognized 4.Although, nationwide, these cities are not as large as those in China, they have world-famous football teams and some of them even have two! 尽管,英国任何一个城市都不像中国的城市那样大,但是它们都有着自己的享有威名的足球队,有的城市甚至有两支队伍。本句中those为替代词,代指前面提到的复数名词cities。常见的替代词有:one / the one / ones / the ones / that / those / it,具体区别如下: (1)one代指上文提到的某个可数名词单数,表示泛指意义,一般指同类事物中的任何一个;而the one代替上文提到的某个可数名词单数,表示特指。 (2)ones代替上文提到的可数名词复数形式,表泛指,一般指同类事物中的一些;而the ones 指代上文提到的可数名词复数形式,表示特指。(3) that用来代替上文提到的名词,可以是可数名词单数形式,也可以是不可数名词,表示特指。如果代替可数名词单数形式,可以与the one互换。(4) those是that的复数形式,代替上文提到的可数名词复数形式,表示特指,可与the ones互换。(5)it代替前面的同一事物或同一个人。(1)我找不到我的帽子。我不知道我把它放在哪了。I cant find my hat. I don t know where I put it. The weather of Beijing is just as cold as that of Lanzhou, but colder than that of Shanghai. 北京的气候和兰州一样冷,但比上海冷。5.There followed St. Pauls Cathedral built after the terrible fire of London in 1666. 接着参观的是圣保罗大教堂,它是在1666年可怕的伦敦大火之后建造的。当here, there位于句首时,主语是名词且没有宾语时,句子需要完全倒装,即整个谓语动词提到主语之前。与此用法相同的还有now, then, thus, in, out, away, down, up, off,back, over等。如:Away flew the plane. 飞机起飞了。Out came my aunt. 我姑姑出来了。Now comes your turn. Long long ago, there lived a king. 6.the four countries do work together助动词do/does/did + V原形eg. I did come to school to have a meeting yesterday evening .do+V原，用在肯定陈述句中，用来加强语气。意为“确实，务必，真的，的确”Eg1：I do hope youll stay for dinner.Eg2: I do think she has behaved badly.Eg3: we did have a good time that day.Eg4: Do be careful!do的变化形式1，陈述句 (有时态，和人称变化)Eg5: Tom does study hard now and we should learn from him.Eg6: He did come to see you last night.2，祈使句 (表强烈的请求)Eg7: Do write to me soon.Your task will be to examine the possibility of constructing a new factory in the United Kingdom.Be+to do结构的用法（1）be to do结构中，不定式作表语，表示主语和表语在概念上是等同的。如： The problem is to find a solution. His plan is to clean the room. My wish is to be a teacher. (2) be to do1)坚决命令 No one is to enter this building without the permission of the security guard.2)“计划，安排”(意思接近于be going to) Betty is to get married next month.3)不可避免，注定 You are to answer for what you have done.4)意图，打算，决心 If all of us are to remain friendly, we must be sincere with one another.5)“义务，应该”（意思接近于should, ought to） You have done so well. You are to be rewarded.6)用于“ifwere to do”，表示虚拟假设 If I were to do it