CET-4大学英语四级写作冲刺特训.doc

写作冲刺特训1、 历年真题剖析 历年四级真题作文的文体类型主要有四种：记叙文，说明文，议论文和应用文。 （一）记叙文 记叙文就是记叙人物的经历或事情的发生、发展、变化过程的文章，它包括时间、地点、人物、事件四大要素。在进行记叙文写作的时候，我们关键要抓住五个W和一个R，即 when, where, who, what, why 和result时间，地点，人物，事件，起因和结果。记叙文必须把这几个要点表达清楚，才能进行一次比较完整的叙述。 记叙文可以用第一人称来叙述，也可以用第三人称，偶尔也用第二人称叙述。常见的叙述方式有：顺叙、倒叙、插叙、夹议夹叙等。典型的真题如下（03：6）： An Eye-witness Account of a Traffic Accident 假设你在某日某时某地目击一起车祸，就此写一份见证书。见证书必须包括以下几点内容：1. 车祸发生的时间及地点； 2. 你所见到的车祸情况； 3. 你对车祸原因的分析。（2） 说明文 说明文通常是对事物的发生、结果、特征、性质、状态和功能进行解释、介绍和阐述。说明文的全文一般是围绕一个Why或一个What展开，目的在于提供知识、表明观念。说明文的写作要条理分明、层次清楚、语言简洁、富有逻辑，最重要的是用词准确，阐述可采用时间顺序、空间顺序或逻辑顺序。典型真题如下： How to Succeed in a Job Interview 1.面试在求职过程中的作用 2.取得面试成功的因素： 仪表、举止谈吐、能力、专业知识、自信、实事求是（三）议论文 议论文的作用是陈述观点、主张和看法，并加以论证。与说明文不同，说明文着重客观陈述，而议论文着重于发表写作者自己的看法；说明文着重于解释说明，而议论文着重于劝说。议论文主要通过立论和驳论来说服读者接受自己的观点和主张。议论文由论点、论据、论证构成，论点要鲜明；论据充实可靠；论证合乎逻辑。 议论文主要是三段式结构。近年来四级考试中的写作大都是议论文或者夹议夹叙的文章。如（06:1）： Should the University Campus Be Open to Tourism? 1.名校校园正成为旅游新热点。 2.校园是否应对旅客开放，人们看法不同。 3.我认为（4） 应用文 应用文是为了解决人们的工作、生活和学习中的实际问题。在四级写作中，最为常见的就是书信类。如（02:1） A Letter to Mr.President假如你是李明，请你就本校食堂的状况给校长写一封信，内容应涉及食堂的饭菜质量、价格、环境、服务等，可以是表扬，可以是批评建议，也可以兼而有之。2、 写作方法解析 议论文的基本结构三段式结构即第一段立论，提出自己的观点；第二段以论据支撑，论证自己的观点；第三段，总结自己的观点。（1） 第一段的写法 1. 引用法：使用谚语、名人名言或有代表性的一般人的话。如：There is a saying goes like this: a friend in need is a friend indeed, today Id like to share with you what in my opinion is real friendship. 2. 问题法：使用发人深思的问题来引起读者的注意。如：what is real friendship? Is it the one who help you skip the classes and idle around with you all day long? 3. 对立法：即从反面反面的事实、反面的观点，引出作者正面的观点。如：Most people will think that finding a part-time job is a waste of time and energy. However, I hold the opinion that 4. 开门见山法：直接点出文章的观点。如：Using public transportation is a good way to be environmental friendly and also it has the following benefits for our human.（2） 主体部分写法 1. 举例法：名人轶事或者个人经历，由于它们都是发生在我们周围活生生的具体事例，因而显得亲切而又可信。例如上面提到的friend & friendship的话题，可以以自己的身边的一个好友为例。 2. 逆向思维法：即正话反说。当思维受限，无法进行下去的时候。可以考虑该问题的反面。比如上面提到的该不该购买私家车，还是使用公共交通的问题。 3. 事实法：事实法可以通过数据，也可以通过调查和实验得出的结果。比如：According to the recent statistical studies/ scientific study/ research 这就要求平时多关注时事新闻，可以在写作中将近期的新闻报道或者数据引入。（3） 结尾的写法 1. 前后呼应法，与文章第一段相互呼应，再将文章主题重复一遍.如：As the saying goes, whenever Im in trouble, he is always be there for me, so he is my truly friend. 2. 总结法，总结全文观点。如：In conclusion/ In a word/ From the above analysis, I strongly believe that we should use the public transportation system. 3. 表决心或者呼吁式。如：Therefore, we should work together to build up a better harmonious society./ I wish that (I truly hope that ) everyone around the word can devote themselves in this mission.3、 临场技巧及注意事项 应试技巧：（1） 考前 拿到作文后，第一件事就是审题。根据作文题中所给的信息（标题以及提示），分析文章的主旨。务必弄清两点：第一，作文的体裁（记叙、说明、议论、夹译夹叙）；第二, 使用的人称和时态。（2） 考中 在另一白纸之做提纲。第一，你的观点是什么，第一段你怎么写？第二，你用什么支撑你的观点。找出你文章主体部分的小第一、第二、第三，运用举例、逆向思维、或者事实的数据和研究结果拓展。把握文章的提纲，再动笔。（3） 考后 30分钟的写作，时间再紧，也要留出两三分钟时间把文章通读一遍，做毕业修改。着重是修改语法错误三大方面：单词拼写、主谓一致、时态一致。教师阅卷：1）书写；2）总体印象和“三段式”机构；3) 具体内容。三、分析方法实战演练1.City Problems. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese:1. 越来越多的人涌入大城市，有些问题随之产生2. 比较明显的大问题有3. 我对这种现象的想法 2. WILL PHONES KILL LETTER WRITING? You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese:1. 年轻人越来越趋向于打电话2. 信件是否会被电话取缔3. 我的观点 3.A Letter: 给你的外国朋友写一封信，告诉他(她)你已经被美国的一所大学录取，但你苦恼的是自己的听力和口语水平不够，你想寻求他(她)对于如何提高听力和口语的建议。4. Online Education: You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese:1. 目前网络教育形成热潮2. 我认为形成这股热潮的原因是3. 我对网络教育的评价 5. Styles of Living: You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese:1. 有些人愿意和父母居住在一起2. 有些人想自己独立居住3. 我的看法 6. The Importance of keeping A Good Mood. You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese:1. 人们每天都生活在压力之下2. 所以说保持一个好的心情是十分重要的3. 我的观点和原因1.City ProblemsNowsdays, millions of migrant workers flock into cities in search of jobs and better living. However, with the sharp rise in the urban population, many problems arise in the development of cities.Firstly, cities become more and more crowded, putting much pressure upon transportation, housing, sanitation, education, employment and so on. City services and facilities have been strained to a breaking point. Secondly, a growing number of private cars emit a huge amount of carbon dioxide, leaving the air mercilessly polluted.What ismore, the city is also threatened by an increase in crime. There is not a single day passing without the report of someone being robbed, kidnapped or even murdered.Last but not least, city-dwellers are not only separated from the nature but also isolated from each other, even not knowing name of their next-door neighbor.All these problems have harmed the attractiveness of the city. More people may seek to live in the suburbs if there isnt any improvement.2. Will phones kill letter writing?Today, with the quick pace of life, people, especially young people, usually do not have as much time to write letters as before. They communicate with each other through the electric line. They are becoming so dependent on telephones that some people say that one day phones will kill letter writing. But I dont think it is the case.It is true that communicating by letters is not as convenient as by telephone. However, letter writing makes people think clearly. When a person writes, he must organize his thoughts and express his ideas and feelings more logically. In addition, letters give you a chance to read them again. Isnt it exciting to receive a letter from your parents or your friends? Isnt it pleasant to red the letter again and to feel again the excitement and the pleasantness?So if you have time, write a letter right now, and you will certainly give your friends and your family a pleasant surprise.3. Dear Mark,You will never guess what I am going to tell you in this letter. I have received the letter of admission from Harvard University. This means I am going to do my doctor degree program this fall in America. After years of hard work, I know have finally realized my dream of being able to work in the most advanced laboratory in the world with the most outstanding top scientists in the field of genetic engineering.I am now very busy preparing for this trip of utmost importance in my life. I spend most of my time improving my oral and aural English. You know I have a good command of written English. In fact, I have written my papers in English, some of which have been published abroad already. But my listening and speaking ability of English is far behind. I am afraid that this poor command of listening and speaking will hinder the effective communication once I am abroad. Can you just suggest any good way of improving my oral English skills quickly? I am a bit anxious recently.Anyway, I will try my best.Hope to hear from you soon! Yours, Li Ming4. Online EducationBeing online is no longer something strange in our life.To some degree, it has become part of our daily life. We can do a lot of things online, such as searching for information and communicating with friends far and near. But recently another helpful online activity has become very in. That is online education.Why could online education be so popular within such a short period of time? Among all the reasons, the quick development of the internet should be the essential one, which makes our dreams of attending class in the distance possible. Another underlying reason is the quick development of both society and technology. Today, modern science and technology are developing at lightening speed. To catch up with the development we all feel an urgent and strong desire to study. However, due to the great pace of modern society, many people are too busy to study full time at school. Online education just comes to their end.Personally, I appreciate this new form of education. Its indeed a helpful complement to the traditional education system. It can provide different learners with more flexible and versatile ways of learning. Most of all, with online education, we can absorb the latest knowledge while working.5. Styles of LivingSome people enjoy living together with their parents after the have grown up. They think that by living with parents they can take better care of their parents and vice versa. Meanwhile, they can turn to their parents for help if they get into trouble or have some difficulties. To them, life in a big family seems to be more enjoyable than that in a small one.Others, however, prefer living separately. They cherish the idea of being independent, and wish to have a place of their own. Besides, they dont want to be overprotected by their parents, but long for the opportunities to face the society by themselves.As for me, I like an independent life style. Different generations have different life styles and values. What one generation likes may not be another generations fondness. In order to avoid conflicts, the best way is to live separately. In addition, by leading an independent life, I can develop my own ability to deal with the difficulties in my life. So I want to live by myself.6. The Importance of Keeping A Good MoodIn todays increasingly competitive world it is essential to maintain a positive attitude towards life. To put it in a metaphor, keeping a good mood is a foundation upon which our life is built.Keeping a good mood is important because it can help us solve various problems in life. The following two situations can enable us to clearly see how a positive attitude helps us cope with unpleasant things. Take English learning for example. In our effort to grasp English, mistakes are unavoidable. From one perspective mistakes are annoying, but a positive attitude can make us realize that only through making mistakes can a learner be expected to make progress. Sometimes one may come down with a serious cold, feeling depressed. But a change in attitude will enable us to look at the matter from a positive perspective. The illness may teach us the importance of health.As we can see, keeping a good mood can help us to deal with mistakes in the right way and find comfort in time of sorrow. Its importance cannot be denied.四、话题预测2011年四六级考试备考的号角已经响起，给大家几个话题。 备选话题1：大学生不健康的生活习惯 1部分大学生有不健康的生活习惯，例如：晚睡、过度消费、沉溺游戏。 2这种不健康生活习惯的危害 3如何纠正 备选话题2：学术抄袭 1. 当前，有很多学术抄袭现象 2. 学术抄袭的危害 3. 怎样杜绝学术抄袭 备选话题3：月光族 1. 当前，很多年轻人崇尚“月光族”的消费理念 2. 也很多人反对这样消费 3作为大学生，我们应该 备注：月光族，指将每月赚的钱都用光、花光的人。备选话题4：假文凭 1当前，买卖假文凭现象屡见不鲜 2文凭造假的原因和危害 3如何避免假文凭备选话题5：大学生同居 1当前，未婚同居现象很普遍，大学生中也存在这种现象 2. 对于大学生同居，人们看法不一 3. 我的看法备选话题6：现代生活压力 1. 现代人忍受多种压力，表现在。 2. 有人喜欢有压力的生活，有人持相反意见 3. 就我而言备选话题7：动物话题 1. 很多人利用动物去为人类服务，如表演、饮食、实验 2. 有人反对这种做法 3. 我的看法备选话题8：求职中的性别歧视 1. 与男性相比，女性求职过程中处于劣势 2. 该现象产生原因 3. 我的看法 备选话题9：婚礼花费 1. 现代人结婚往往花费巨大 2. 对此，人们看法不一 3. 我的看法五、经典范文背诵1: 倡议书 Childrens Day is coming! To truly show your care for the next generation, students should use this Childrens Day to make a lasting gift - a donation to Project Hope in their honor. As college students, we understand the value of education and the positive impact it can have on a persons future by increasing marketable job skills and earning power. Unfortunately, many children who have postponed their school plans to get jobs to support their families are unable to afford the expense of education today. With your support, Project Hope can continue to give deserving children the chance to strengthen themselves, their families and their communities through education. To make a Childrens Day donation or for more information about Project Hope, check out our Web site at or you can contact the student union by the number2：求职信1 Dear Sir， Upon my graduation from college this fall, I am desirous of securing a position that will offer me an opportunity in the field of import and export tradingKnowing something of the scope and enterprise of your huge export department，I thought perhaps you would keep me in mind for a possible opening I am strong and alert, and shall be twenty years of age in July next year. At present I am a student at Jimei University but I shall graduate from college this coming July, finishing the requirements in four years. Though I have had no business experience, I feel confident that I can contribute to your company with the professional skills I obtained in college, including a high command of English. I am enclosing my resume and letter of recommendation from the president of the University, I shall be obliged if you will give me a personal interview at your convenience. 3: Changes in Peoples Diet YearFood19861987198819891990Grain49%47%46%45%45%Milk10%11%11%12%13%Meat17%20%22.5%23%21%Fruit vegetable24%22%20%20%21%Total100%100%100%100%100%As we can see from the table, great changes have taken place in peoples diet over the period from 1986 to 1990. While more and more high-nutritious foods such as milk and meat are consumed by people, the amount of grain consumption, once the main or even the only food for Chinese people, is continuously decreased.There are several reasons for such changes. Firstly, with the development of our countrys economy, people become more and more wealthy, so they can afford to buy expensive high-energy food. Secondly, nowadays, people believe that certain amount of these high-nutrition food is quite necessary to their health. In order to keep their body sound, they should add these food to their traditional diet.So, from the above table, we see that peoples living conditions have been improved a lot, and we can hope for a more scientific and reasonable diet for Chinese peopl4：招聘启事 Greetings, prospective Lenovo interns! (联想计算机)This year, our program is heading into its 10th year of bringing Chinas best and brightest to the nations capital to help Chinas most successful technology company improve its reach into the next generation. We expect that 2006 will be the most exciting one yet! Why, you might be asking yourself, do I want to be a part of this demanding, yet rewarding program? Check this out: You have the chance to see the inner workings of Lenovos marketing department from an insiders perspective! Over the course of just three months, you can build lasting relationships with some of Chinas most influential business leaders! Get access to first-class on-the-job training that is useful in a number of fields post-graduation! The successful applicant will have a bachelors degree (or equivalent), and will have a working command of English. While the internship is unpaid, housing, food, and transportation are all provided.5. Should the Pirated Software and Movies Be Banned1盗版软件令开发商与电影公司蒙受较大损失。2但对很多消费者来说，使用廉价的盗版让他们能使用更多的工具，享受更多的娱乐，是符合消费者利益的。3论证应不应该打击盗版。The pirated software means a great loss to the developers of the original software as the former erodes the market shares of their original counterpart. Similarly, when the pirated movies attract more viewers, movie companies find their audience decreasing and accordingly their income down. The other side of the coin is that the pirated software and movies promise their consumers a number of benefits. For one thing, they are much cheaper than the original. For another, they allow their customers cheaper access to more tools and entertainment. They are popular because they seem to cater better for the interest of their customers. Despite these seeming benefits, the pirated software and movies should be banned, because by nature they represent unfair competition in our economic life. Encouraged or left out of control, they would upset normal competition and eventually lead to the breakdown of economic order. Software developers would cease to offer products of quality and movie companies would refuse to produce good movies. If all this happened, ultimately customers would have to suffer. Therefore, wed better stop the pirated software and movies. 6. Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the title Immoral Behavior in Public according to the following OUTLINE given in Chinese. Your composition should be no fewer than 120 words. 1：我们经常在公共场合见到各种不道德的行为，叙述你的一次相关经历。 2：这些不文明的行为会有哪些影响。 3：我们应该怎样改善这种现象。 Immoral Behavior in Public To witness immoral behavior in public, one need only visit the Beijing subway. I still remember the first time I took the Beijing subway. It was an early morning. I was in a hurry to go to school. When I was trying to get a ticket, I found a lot of people waiting in front of me, but nobody was in the line. Immoral behaviors in public exert a series of problems. One of the most serious ones is that it may exert a negative impact on our sense of social responsibility. We will keep ignoring other peoples rights and feelings, and in turn, we too will be disrespected some day. The improvement of this phenomenon is certainly not easy. With an eye on practical implementation and cost effectiveness, I propose that society make it clear in every way that people who fail to respect the common good will be seriously punished. Stricter policies for this should be made to correct this phenomenon as soon as possible. 7. Salary or Interest1. 有人认为找工作的时候兴趣很重要2. 还有人觉得工资高才是第一因素3. 你的观点。Upon graduation, virtually all colleg