全新版大学英语单词详解 Book2 Unit2.doc

Unit 2 ValuesText A A Life Full of Riches1. (L. 2) confront: vt. 1) (of a problem, difficulty, etc.) face (sb.) threateningly * The difficulties that confront us seem insuperable.* A major difficulty that confronts international students is how best to judge the quality of a program in a foreign university.2) (of a person) face and deal with (a problem, difficulty, etc.)军人必须面对危险和死亡。(=A soldier has to confront danger and death.)* Astronauts have to confront the unknown. be confronted with: be brought face to face (=The prisoner was confronted with his accusers.) * conclusions that can be confronted with experience2. (L. 3) donation: n. money or goods given for a good cause* The hospital receives a good deal of money in donations.他们对慈善事业慷慨捐助。(=They made a generous donation to charity.)Collocation:a blood donation献血make/give a donation 捐赠promise a donation允诺捐助3. (L. 5) confusion: n. a state of uncertainty about what sth. means, etc.* The enemy retreated in great confusion.他们的突然到来打乱了我们的计划。(=Their unexpected arrival threw our plan into confusion.)Collocation:covered with confusion非常慌张in confusion乱七八糟，处于混乱状态throw into confusion 使狼狈，使慌乱N.B.: 该词的动词为confuse，confusing意思是“令人困惑、迷惑的”， confused意思是“糊涂的、混杂的”。4. (L. 5) curiosity: n. a strong desire to know about sth. * Just to satisfy my curiosity, how much did you pay for your car?(=We burned with curiosity over what was in the box.)Collocation:from/out of curiosity在好奇心驱使下in open curiosity 公然出头过问与自己无关的事Curiosity killed a cat.好奇伤身。5. (L. 7) stammer: v. speak with a tendency to repeat rapidly the same sound or syllable* Its cruel to make fun of people who stammer.他结结巴巴地道了谢。(=He stammered his thanks.)6. (L. 10) deny: vt.1) say that sth. is not true * There is no denying the fact that Japan began to invade China as early as the early 1930s. 2) refuse to admit or accept(=He denied knowing anything about their plans.)7. (L. 10) fill out: add information such as your name and address in (a form or document)* It took me quite a while to fill out the questionnaire.请把附表填好。(=Please fill out the attached blank.)8. (L. 11) fall into: belong to (a particular group of things that have similar qualities) 理事会成员们意见相左，分成自由和保守两个阵营(=The council members disagreed, falling into liberal and conservative camps.) * All whales fall into two groups, those with teeth and those without.9. (L. 13) nothing more than: only, just(=Happiness is nothing more than good health and a bad memory.) 这只不过是个杜撰的故事而已。(=It is nothing more than a made-up story.)10. (L. 19) attain: vt. succeed in achieving, esp. after a lot of effort 我决心不惜任何代价达到目的。(=Im determined to attain my purpose at any cost.)* She attained her ambition of becoming a pilot.Collocation:attain ones goal达到目的attain the age of 有岁了attain the top of a moutain到达山顶CF: get, gain, obtain & attain这四个词都是动词，都有“得到”、“获得”之意。get是最普通的用语，可指通过任何方式的获得，多用于口语中。例如：* She got the highest score in fancy rope jumping. 她在花样跳绳中得分最高。gain多指在竞争中获得，所得的东西往往是有用的或是所期待的。例如：* I hope you will gain the victory this time. 我希望你这次获得胜利。obtain是书面语，指靠他人或自己努力而得到，强调结果或目的。例如： * By this method, we obtained a good result. 我们用这种方法获得了好结果。attain强调达到完美的地步。例如：* Such a condition is very difficult to attain. 这样的情况是很难达到的。11. (L. 16) minimal: adj. very small in size or amount; as small as possible 暴风雨只造成极轻微的损失。(=The storm did only minimal damage.) * The Ford CEO offered to work for a minimal salary of one dollar a year. N.B.: 该词的动词为minimize。反义词为maximal。12. (L. 21) cherish: vt. love (sth./sb.) very much and protect them(=Riding horses with my mother when I was a kid has become a cherished memory.) * She cherished the child as though he were her own.Collocation:cherish fond dreams of做的美梦cherished desire夙愿cherish a deep love for热爱13. (L. 21) fabricate: vt. make up (a story, a piece of information, etc.) in order to deceive people * Have you ever lied a little, or fabricated a story about yourself, to impress someone you meet the first time?她缺席的借口显然是瞎编的。(=The excuse for her absence was obviously fabricated.)14. (L. 22) tickle: v. 1) amuse and interest * The comedian tickled the crowd with his jokes. * It tickled her to think that her boss would dress up as a clown at the New Year party.2) move ones fingers on a sensitive part of anothers body in a way that makes them laugh * She tickled the boys feet and made him laugh. 婴儿喜欢轻轻呵痒和紧紧拥抱。(=Babies like to be tickled and hugged.)15. (L. 25) vital: adj. very important, necessary, or essential(=This point is vital to my argument.) * The leaders vital and cheerful manner filled his men with courage.Pattern: be vital to 对极为重要16. (L. 25) well off: rich, or having enough money to live well * The Communist Party of China will lead the Chinese people in building a well-off society. 如果他年轻时多努力一点，现在就能过得舒服些。 (=If he had worked harder when young, he would be well off now.)17. (L. 26) emotional: adj. connected with peoples feelings(=His emotional language reduced many of the audience to tears.)* Nature has programmed us all with both physical and emotional needs.18. (L. 26) pursuit: n. the act of looking for or trying to find 我们为追求幸福生活而努力工作。(=We work hard in pursuit of happy life.)* He exercises every day in pursuit of health.Collocation:daily pursuits日常事务educational pursuit教育事业pursuit of profit追逐利润in ones pursuit of happiness追求幸福19. (L. 26) out of place: feeling uncomfortable or not suitable in a particular situation* Your jokes are out of place on such a solemn occasion.在正式的舞会上，我感到局促不安，很不自在。(=At the formal party I felt very awkward and out of place.)20. (L. 34) in contrast to: when a contrast is made to * In contrast to her sister, she is very tall.(=In contrast to his brother, he is always considerate of others.)21. (L. 35) consequence: n. a result of sth. that has happened * Jimmy experienced severe headache as a consequence of heavy drinking the night before. 这样一种错误可能导致灾难性的后果。 (=Such a mistake would perhaps lead to disastrous consequences.)Collocation:as a consequence因而，结果in consequence因此，结果in consequence of的结果，因为的缘故，由于of consequence有势力的，重要的take the consequences自食其果，承担责任CF: effect, result & consequence这三个词都是名词，都有“结果”之意。effect表示由某种原因直接产生的某一结果或状况。result表示某一事件的发生或某一行为所造成的结果，有“最终的结果”之意。consequence表示由于逻辑推断得出的结果，或由于某种原因、一些必要的条件而造成的结果。(Directions:) Fill in the blanks with the words above. Change the form where necessary.1. The dilemmas that parents find themselves in today is a _ of changes in society. (=consequence)2. I tried to persuade him, but with little or no _. (=effect)3. One of the _ of this illness is that you lose your hair. (=effects)4. It represents the _ of ten years labor. (=result)5. The high level of unemployment has produced harmful social _. (=consequences)22. (L. 36) commercial: 1. n. an advertisement on TV or radio* TV commercials today are more imaginative than they were 20 years ago.2. adj. relating to business * He left the commercial world to become a government official. 商业函件(=commercial correspondence)23. (L. 39) focus: v. concentrate (ones attention, etc.) on (sth.); concentrate (on sth.) (=You should focus your attention on your work.)* The only way to attain your goals is to stay focused and work hard.24. (L. 41) affluent: adj. rich enough to buy things for pleasure 自然资源丰富的土地(=land affluent in natural resources) * In an affluent society people can afford to strike a balance between work and life.CF: rich, wealthy & affluent这三个词都是形容词，都有“丰富”、“富有”之意。rich意为“有钱的”、“富有的”，其程度超过正常需要的，语气强烈；形容人时，指拥有大量金钱、财产，其引申义为“富于”。例如：* The rich get richer while the poor get poorer. 富人更富，穷人更穷。wealthy指人、家庭或国家富有、安康、富裕；语气较缓，程度可大可小。尤指拥有大量财产、财富。例如：* Some wealthy people are likely to be philanthropists. 有些富人往往是慈善家。affluent意为“富裕的”、“富足的”，尤指家庭和社会，在这一点上相当于wealthy，是较正式用语。例如：* Its our duty to build an affluent and civilized society in the new century. 在新世纪建设一个富裕文明的社会是我们的义务。25. (L. 43) genuine: adj. real, true 他真心诚意地愿意帮助我们。 (=He has a genuine desire to help us.)* It appears to be genuine, but I have my suspicions about it.CF: real, true & genuine这三个词都是形容词，都有“真的”、“真正的”之意。real普通用语，指真实的或与事实相符的。true强调客观事实与实际情况相符合，兼有real的含义。genuine指真实性是有据可查的。(Directions:) Fill in the blanks with the words above. Change the form where necessary.1. It is _ that the earth is round. (=true)2. Is this a _ Ming vase? (=genuine)3. This is a story of _ life. (=real)4. A mirage is not a _ object. (=real)5. _ silver (=genuine)26. (L. 45) go through: experience (sth. difficult or unpleasant)* Hes amazingly cheerful considering all that hes gone through. 孩提时代, 他经历了一个又一个的艰难困苦。(=When he was a child, he went through one hardship after another.) (Directions:) Choose the appropriate translation for the expression “go through” in the following sentences.A. 检查、审查、搜查B. 完成、做完C. 遭受、经历D. 看完D 1. How long will it take to go through the book?C 2. Im flattered that you went through all this trouble just for me.A 3.They went through our luggage at the customs.B 4. With great concentration she went through the movements.27. (L. 47) linger: vi. 1) last or continue for a long time * Before leaving Suzhou, we took a last lingering look at the beautiful view.(=The beautiful melody is lingering in my mind.)2) take a long time to leave or disappear * He lingered outside the school after everybody else had gone home.CF: stay, remain & linger这三个词都是动词，都有“停留”、“逗留”之意。stay是本组词中最普通的用语。或长期或短期，或永远或暂时地停留。例如：* My car stays in the garage most of the week. 我的车子一周大部分时间都停放在车库里。remain强调维持原来的状态，表示“逗留”时比stay更正式些。例如：* Little of the original architecture remains. 原来的建筑现在留存很少了。linger意思是“逗留”、“徘徊”，尤指迟迟不愿离开的样子。例如： * He should have gone out, but lingered over his meal till it was too late to catch the train. 他本该出门了，可还慢腾腾地吃饭，以致来不及赶火车了。28. (L. 47) individual: 1. n. person considered separately from their society 个人权利 (=rights of individuals)* The welfare of the individual is bound up with the welfare of the community. 2. adj. of or for one person* A good coach knows how to take best advantage of the strength of each individual player on the team. * She has her own individual way of walking.29. (L. 52) tangible: adj. that can be clearly seen to exist; that you can touch and feel* Tangible assets refer to those assets that have a physical form, such as machinery, buildings and land.(=Sculpture is a tangible art form.)N.B.: 该词的反义词为intangible。Text B The Richest Man in America, Down Home1. (para. 2) discount: n. amount of money which may be taken off the full price * Traditional retailers whove opened cyber-stores may offer special discounts to online shoppers. 尽管网上书店常有折扣，但不要期望能省多少。(=Although online bookstores usually offer discounts, dont expect to save much.)2. (para. 5) folk: n. people in general (You can refer to people as folk or folks.) * These are the folks from the local TV station. 他们结了婚，有了孩子，像其他人一样生活。(=They got married and had kids and lived like other folks.)3. (para. 5) get away with: do sth. wrong or risky without being caught or punished (In the text, it means “do sth. without experiencing any problems or difficulties”) * They claimed that they knew how to play the system and get away with it. 艾力克偷税漏税好些年，都没碰到麻烦。(=Eric has been getting away with tax fraud for years.)4. (para. 5) Only in America can a billionaire carry on like plain folks and get away with it. Paraphrase the sentence. (=Only in America can a very rich person live like ordinary people without experiencing any problems.)5. (para. 5) local: adj. of or for a particular place * The plane was to take off at 6 a.m. and land at 7 a.m. local time. 主办奥运会所需的四分之三的投资将由中央政府和当地政府承担。(=Three-quarters of the investment needed to host the Olympics would be borne by central and local government.)6. (para. 6) corporate: adj. relating to large companies * The two companies decided to merge to take advantage of similarities in their corporate cultures. 谷歌公司总部位于加州的山景城。(=The corporate headquarters of Google Inc. is located in Mountain View, California.)7. (para. 7) by all accounts: according to what everyone says * The Chinese football team will play the Koreans tonight. It should be a match worth watching, by all accounts. 大家都说汤姆是个很棒的老师。(=Tom, by all accounts, is a superb teacher.)8. (para. 7) blend: v. mix together * The singer is known for blending Latin pop and American mainstream pop in her songs. 我们早饭吃什么？混合了香蕉、草莓、椰枣和芒果的水果布丁。(=What do we have for breakfast? A fruit pudding of blended bananas, strawberries, dates and mangos.)blend in/into: If sb. blends into a particular group or situation, or if they blend in, they seem to belong there or are not noticeable, because their behavior is similar to that of the other people involved. (used in the patterns: blend in; blend into sth.; blend in with sth.)* As a newly-appointed manager, he was not sure whether he could blend in. * The painter blended in with the crowd at the art sale.他说的话坚定了我的信念，要和周围打成一片。(=What he said reinforced my determination to blend in with my surroundings.)9. (para. 7) By all accounts, hes friendly, cheerful, a fine neighbor who does his best to blend in, never flashy, never throwing his weight around. Translate the sentence. (=人人都说他为人友善，性情开朗，是个好邻居；他尽力与人们融洽相处，从不炫耀，也不盛气凌人。)10. (para. 12) But one recent morning, The Richest Man in America did something that would have made headlines anywhere in the world: He forgot his money. Paraphrase the sentence. (=But one recent morning, The Richest Man in America did something to peoples surprise that would appear as a piece of news: He forgot his money.)11. (para. 14) But just how long Walton can hold firm to his folksy habits with celebrity hunters keeping following him wherever he goes is anyones guess. Paraphrase the sentence. (=然而，沃尔顿所到之处专门报道名人的记者紧跟不舍，他的平民习惯能保持多久，就很难说了。)12. (para. 14) on the run: trying hard to hide or escape from sb. * Princess Diana died while on the run from paparazzi. 他在逃避警方的追捕。(=He is on the run from the police.)13. (para. 15) rank: v. put (sb./sth.) into a position according to their size, importance, etc. * Jim was so sure of himself that he only applied to those universities ranked in the top 10 on the annual U.S. News & World Report issue on “Americas Best Colleges.” 搜索引擎按相关度对搜索结果进行排名，最先展现的是最相关的记录。(=This search engine ranks search results in order of relevance, showing you the most relevant records first.)14. (para. 15) make up: form, constitute * Women make up nearly 50% of university entrants. 这所大学由14个系和5个研究中心构成。(=The college is made up of fourteen departments and five research centers.)15. (para. 16) rally: n. a large, usu. political public meeting * Overseas Chinese held rallies around the world on Sunday and Monday to voice their support for the Beijing Olympic Games. 巴拉克奥巴马在集会上以“我们需要改变”这个口号结束了演讲。(=Barak Obamas speech at the rally ended with the slogan “Change we need.”)16. (para. 16) liable: adj. likely (to do sth.) * Its liable to snow heavily tomorrow. 由于天气恶劣，运动会可能推迟到下周。(=The sports meeting is liable to be postponed until next week because of the bad weather.)17. (para. 17) lay down: establish (sth.) as a rule or principle * Conditions for membership are laid down in the soccer club rules. 校方印发了新册子，规定了学生守则。(=The school authorities have issued a new booklet laying down regulations for students.)18. (para. 17) loyalty: n. the quality of staying firm in your friendship or support for sb. / sth.; a strong feeling that one wants to be faithful to sb./sth. (followed by to) * My father is a soccer fan. His loyalty to the local team has taken him all over the country to see them play. 一旦拿定了主意，李将军就没有动摇过对南方的忠诚。(=Once his mind was made up, General Lee never changed his loyalty to the South.)19. (para. 18) One tennis gue