初三定语从句讲解.doc

初三定语从句讲解三、定语从句复习概要1在复合句(包括主句和从句)中，修饰主句中某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句必须放在被修饰的词之后，被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。如： The man who lives next to us sells vegetables住在我们隔壁的那个人是卖蔬菜的。 You must do everything that I do你必须做我所做的一切。2由that，which，who (whom)等关系代词引导的定语从句，关系代词可在从句中做主语、宾语或表语。通常which指事物，who指人(作宾语时用whom)，that既可指人也可指物。但在使用时有所区别： A.定语从句须用that引导的情况： (1)先行词是all，much，little，none, no, any, some等不定代词或由no-，any-，every-构成的复合不定代词。如：All that is worth doing should be done well一切值得做的事都应该做好。 There is little money that I can spend on books我几乎无钱买书。Everything we saw in the museum great interested us. 我们在博物馆里看到的每一件事情都使我们很感兴趣。 (2)先行词被the only，the very，the same, the last等词修饰时。如：The only thing that she could do was to go to the police for help.她唯一能做的事就是去求助于警察。This is the last time that I shall give you a lesson. 这是我最后一次给你们上课。 (3)先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时。如：We will never forget the first lesson(that) our chemistry teacher gave us化学教师上的第一课我们永远难忘。This is the first trip that I have made in my life. 这是我有生以来第一次出行。 (4)先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。如：The most difficult problem that I met with is how to get enough money to buy these books.我遇到的最困难的问题就是怎样得到足够多的钱把这些书买下来。This is the best dictionary that Ive ever bought. 这是我所买的最好的字典。This is the biggest lab that we have ever built in our school. 这是我们学校已经兴建的最大的实验室。(5)先行词同时包含人和事物时。如：We talked about the persons and the things that we remembered in the school for half an hour. 我们谈论了半小时我们所记得的学校里的人和事。The visitor spoke highly of the children and the performances (that) they saw at the Childrens Palace来宾们高度评价他们在少年宫见到的孩子们及其表演。 (6)当主句为who或which开头的特殊疑问句时，为避免重复，习惯上多用that。如：Which of us that knows any English doesnt know the meaning of UFO? 我们懂英语的人中谁不知道UFO的意思? (7) 被修饰成分为表语，或者关系代词本身是定语从句的表语时，该关系代词宜用that。例如：Tom is not the boy (that) he used to be汤姆已不是过去的那个男孩了。That is a good book that will help you a lot. 这是本对你很有帮助的书。My home village is no longer the place (that) it used to be. 我的故乡已不再是过去的那个样子了。 (8)当主句以There be开头时。如：There is something that I must deal with right now我有事情必须马上处理。There is still a seat in the corner that is still free. 角落里仍有一个空位子。 B定语从句须用which引导的情况： (1)在非限制性定语从句中。如：Lets discuss the question，which we are interested in.咱们讨论一下这个问题，这个问题我们大家都很感兴趣。 (2)在定语从句中作介词宾语，且直接置于介词之后时。如：His house，for which he paid 10，000 yuan ten years ago，is now worth 30，000 yuan他的房子现在值三万元，十年前他是花一万元买的。 C.定语从句须用who (whom)引导的情况： (1)当先行词all，any和a few指人时。如： Any who breaks the law will be punished任何人犯了法都会受到惩罚。 (2)先行词为that，this，those或these且指人时。如： Those who hadnt bought a ticket for the train crowded in the waiting hall那些未买着票的人拥挤在候车厅里。 (3)当先行词在定语从句中作宾语或表语时，在口语中用who或whom引导均可，但如直接位于介词后作宾语时，只能用whom。如： The guest (who/whom) Ill first introduce to you is a little girl我首先要介绍给你们的客人是一位小姑娘。I met a few friends of mine，among whom was my old classmate我遇见了几位朋友，其中一位是我的老同学。D. where, when与why可作关系副词，引导一个定语从句。如：(1) where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。That is the house where (=in which) he lived ten years ago.那是他十年前住过的房子。The hospital where (=in which) her mother is working is far from her home.她母亲工作的那个医院离她家很远。(2) when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。I still remember the day when (=on which) I first came to Beijing.我还记得我第一次来到北京那天的情景。She came at a time when we needed her most.她是在我们最需要她的时候来的。(3) why指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。Why作为关系副词只用在reason后面。I know the reason why (=for which) she was so angry.我知道她为什么那么生气。Do you know the reason why (=for which) he came so late?你知道他来得这么晚的原因吗？注 为了记住这三个关系副词的用法，同学们可以背诵这个口诀：the time when, the place where, the reason why。定语从句典例探究1. Most of the people _ lost their lives in the attacks are Americans. (2005 常州) A. when B. who C. how D. which研析 B。定语从句所修饰的先行词people是指人的名词，关系词用who; when作关系副词用，表示时间；which指代先行词是物的名词。2. Do you know everybody _ came to the party? （2005 江苏常州） -No. I dont know the one _ you talked with near the door. A. who, / B. whose, that C. that, which D. /, whom研析 A。第一空格处先行词who作定语从句中的主语，不可省略；第二空格处关系词作定语从句的宾语，可以省略。3. This years Olympics are special, because theGames are coming back to the country _ they started in. （2004湖南怀化） A. as B. when C. there D. which研析 D。which在这里引导定语从句，修饰先行词country。句意是“奥运会又回到了它的发祥地。”4. I like to live in a house _ is big and bright. （2005 海淀升学卷） A. that B. who C. how D. and研析 A。that引导定语从句并在定语从句中作主语，不可省略。5. With the money _ he had saved, he went on with his studies. （2004 江苏徐州） A. that B. what C. who D. where研析 A。that 引导定语从句。当先行词是事物的时候，关系代词可用that或which。6. This is the place _ I visited last year. A. where B. which C. in which D. in that研析 B. which 引导定语从句并在定语从句中作宾语。不能选where, 因为visit是及物动词，后面直接跟宾语。 the place 作visit的宾语，而不是地点状语。7. This is the school _ I worked seven years ago. A. in which B. in that C. which D. that研析 A. in which相当于where, 引导一个定语从句并在句中作地点状语。不能选which或that, 因为work是不及物动词，后面不能直接跟宾语，需要加一个介词in才能跟宾语。这句话可说成：This is the school which I worked in seven years ago. 或把in 提到which前，变成：This is the school in which I worked seven years ago. 当然也可变成：This is the school where I worked seven years ago. (因为in which= where)考点详解例1 选择正确的答案。When the work _ ，well make a trip to the Great Wall A. is finished B. was finished C. will be finished D. will finish解析：本题答案为A。 本题考查的是状语从句和被动语态.work是被完成的，所以要用被动语态。当主句是一般将来时，时间状语从句用一般现在时。例2 选择正确的答案。The bus _ until everyone gets on A. starts B. will start C. wont start D. start解析：本题答案为C。 本题考查的是状语从句。 until引导的时间状语从句是一般现在时，主句就是一般将来时，所以A、D选项去掉；主句中的谓语动词是短暂动词，所以用否定形式。例3 选择正确的答案。He didnt come to the party, _ he had a lot of work to doA. because B. if C. so D. so that解析：本题答案为A。 本题考查的是原因状语从句。 根据题意，它是一种因果关系，所以选择A。例4 选择正确的答案。I didnt know where _ A. he is B. is he C. he was D. was he解析：本题答案为C。 本题考查的是宾语从句。主句的谓语动词如果是一般过去时，宾语从句也要根据实际情况用过去时的某种形式。所以A、B选项去掉；宾语从句一律用陈述语序，故选C。例5 选择正确的答案。Did you ask the teacher _ the day before ? A. what was happened to her B. what she had happened C. what she happened D. what had happened to her解析：本题答案为D。本题考查的是宾语从句。该题从句的主语是what而不是she，所以B、C选项去掉；happen是不及物动词，不能用被动语态。用whowhomthatwhich填空。1Those are the things _ I lost in the street yesterday2He is the person _ we often talk about3They talked of things and persons _they remembered4They call it Christmas， _comes from the name Christ5They may go to their own library to look up any information _they need单项选择。6People _ study earthquakes think that there will be no big earthquake here awho bwhich cwhom d7The pancake _my aunt cooks is delicious athat bwhich c da，b or c 8The young man _I had a talk with is a friend of mine aand band who cthat dwhich Key: 定语从句“三步曲”解码：1thatwhich 2who whom that 3that 4which 5that 68 adcd找出错误并改正。1Who is the man who has white hair？2Is this the book for which he was looking？3The village in that he lives is 20 kilometres away4She talked of the man and cooks who and that interested her very much5This is the first book which I have bought6All which can be done has been done7He was the only person which knows how to open the door8The man to who you talked is a famous runner9The girl whom is in Class Two is Jims sister10I still remember the day that I first came to Nanjing定语从句练习答案（Keys：1第二个who变为that 2for应放在looking之后 3in放在lives之后或that变为which 4who and去掉 5which变为that 6which变为that 7which变为that 8who变为whom 9whom变为who或 that 10that变为when）从A、B、C、D四个选项中选择一个正确的选项，完成下列各句。1The number of peoplelost homes reached as many as 250，000Awhich Bwho Cwhom D不填2This is the most beautiful park I havevisitedAwhich；ever Bthat；never Cwhich；yet Dthat；ever 3This is the most enjoyable journeyI have ever heard ofAwhich Bwho Cthat Dwhom 4We are talking about Tonny，you met yesterdayAwhom Bwhich Cthat Dwith who 5Is this the very museum some Japanese visitors visited last Wednesday？Aone Bwhere Cthat Dwhich 6The place I grew up is a beautiful townAwhich Bthat Cwhere Dfrom which 7This is the shop sells childrens clothingAwhere Bwho Cthe one Dwhich 8I dont think the number of peoplethis happens is very largeAwho Bto which Cthat Dto whom 9Do you know Mrs Jackson daughter is a famous poet？Athat her Bwhose Cwho Dof whom 10Do you remember one evening a week agoI came to your room and borrowed a dictionary？Abefore Bwhich Cwhen Das 答案与简析：1.B。who是关系代词，指人，在定语从句中作主语，whom（作宾语）与which结构皆不能入选。2.D。当定语从句所修饰的先行词有形容词最高级修饰时，要用关系代词that，句意表明定语从句表示肯定，而不是否定，故选D。3.C 4.A。whom关系代词，指人，在句中用作宾语。5.C。先行词被the only，the very，the first等修饰时，须用关系代词that引导。6.C。where是关系副词，指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。7.D。 which是关系代词，指物，在定语从句中作主语。8.D。happen to sb指“某事发生在某人身