Model Test Nine.doc

Model Test NinePart Writing （30 minutes） Directions： For this part， you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Obsession with Online Games. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below： 1. 大学生迷恋网络游戏的现象较为普遍 2. 产生这种现象的原因是什么 3. 如何才能减少大学生对网络游戏的迷恋 注意：在实考中，此部分试题在答题卡1上。 Obsession with Online GamesPart Reading Comprehension （Skimming and Scanning） （15 minutes） Directions： In this part， you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.For questions 17， mark Y (for YES)if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO)if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN)if the information is not given in the passage.For questions 810， complete the sentences with the information given in the passage. DNA EvidenceWhat if there were a way of tying a person to the scene of a crime beyond a shadow of a doubt？ Or， more importantly， what if you could rule out suspects and prevent the wrong person from being locked up in jail？ This dream is beginning to be realized through the use of DNA evidence.Your Own Personal BarcodeWe all like to think that we are unique， not like anyone else in the world. Unless you are an identical twin， at the nuclear level， you are！ Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes containing the DNA blueprint that encodes all the materials needed to make up your body as well as the instructions for how to run it. One member of each chromosomal pair comes from your mother， and the other is contributed by your father. Every cell in your body contains a copy of this DNA. While the majority of DNA doesnt differ from human to human， some 3 million base pairs of DNA （about 0.10 percent of your entire genome） vary from person to person. The key to DNA evidence lies in comparing the DNA left at the scene of a crime with a suspects DNA in these chromosomal regions that do differ.Creating a DNA ProfileThe basic procedure used to isolate an individuals DNA fingerprint is called Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism （RFLP） analysis. This is a complicated way of saying that investigators determine the number of VNTR repeats at a number of distinctive areas to come up with an individuals DNA profile. For each person， there are two numbers of repeats in each VNTR region （one from mom and one from dad）， so you are getting both counts. If you do this for a number of different VNTR regions， you can build a profile for a person that is statistically unique. The resulting DNA fingerprint can then be compared with the one left by the “perp” at a crime scene to see if there might be a match.Advances in DNA EvidenceIn 1985， DNA entered the courtroom for the first time as evidence in a trial， but it wasnt until 1988 that DNA evidence actually sent someone to jail. This is a complex area of forensic science that relies heavily on statistical predictions； in early cases where jurors were hit with reams of evidence heavily laden with mathematical formulas， it was easy for defense attorneys to create doubt in jurors minds. Since then， a number of advances have allowed criminal investigators to perfect the techniques involved and face down legal challenges to DNA fingerprinting. Improvements include： Amount of DNA neededUsing the polymerase chain reaction （PCR）， investigators now only need tiny amounts of a specific DNA sequence for analysis. Source of DNAScience has devised ingenious ways of extracting DNA from sources that used to be too difficult or too contaminated to use. Expanded DNA databasesSeveral countries， including the U. S. and Britain， have built elaborate databases with hundreds of thousands of unique individual DNA profiles. This adds a lot of weight to arguments formerly based on mathematical theory alone. TrainingCrime labs have come up with formal protocols for handling and processing evidence， reducing the likelihood of contamination of samples. On the courtroom side， prosecutors have become more savvy at presenting genetic evidence， and many states have come up with specific rules governing its admissibility in court cases. Science educationIn recent years， a number of debates have erupted around the world over issues like using DNA evidence， cloning animals or selling genetically modified crops. It has dawned on many that to be active， informed participants in such ethical debates， the general public must understand the basic tenets of genetics， statistics， and the like.Using DNA EvidenceGiven the high profile DNA evidence had during the O. J. Simpson trial， most people know DNA profiles are used by criminal investigators to： Prove guiltMatching DNA profiles can link a suspect to a crime or crime scene. The British police have an online database of more than 360，000 profiles that they compare to crime scene samples； more than 500 positive matches come up a week. Exonerate an innocent personAt least 10 innocent people have been freed from death row in the United States after DNA evidence from their cases was studied. So far， DNA evidence has been almost as useful in excluding suspects as in fingering and convicting them； about 30 percent of DNA profile comparisons done by the FBI result in excluding someone as a suspect.DNA evidence is also useful beyond the criminal courtroom in： Paternity testing and other cases where authorities need to prove whether or not individuals are relatedOne of the more infamous paternity cases of late revolved around a 1998 paper in the journal Nature that studied whether or not Thomas Jefferson， the third president of the United States， actually fathered children with one of his slaves （in case youre wondering， according the researchers， the answer is a resounding yes）. Identification of John or Jane DoesPolice investigators often face the unpleasant task of trying to identify a body or skeletal remains. DNA is a fairly resilient molecule， and samples can be easily extracted from hair or bone tissue； once a DNA profile has been created， it can be compared to samples from families of missing persons to see if a match can be made. The military even uses DNA profiles in place of the oldschool dog tag. Each new recruit must provide blood and saliva samples， and the stored samples can subsequently be used as a positive ID for soldiers killed in the line of duty. Even without a DNA match to conclusively identify a body， a profile is useful because it can provide important clues about the victim， such as his or her sex and race. Studying the evolution of human populationsScientists are trying to use samples extracted from skeletons and from living people around the world to show how early human populations might have migrated across the globe and diversified into so many different races. Studying inherited disordersScientists also study the DNA fingerprints of families with members who have inherited diseases like Alzheimers Disease to try and ferret out chromosomal differences between those without the disease and who have it， in the hopes that these changes might be linked to getting the disease.注意：在实考中，此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。 1. Human beings have 23 pairs of chromosomes containing all the genetic information.2. By analyzing each chromosomal pair contained in your body， scientists can gather information about your ancestors， both on your fathers side as well as on your mothers side.3. DNA evidence was first admitted into the courtroom in the middle of the 1990s.4. It is important to gather sufficient DNA for analysis， because the PCR technique is not always reliable.5. According to the author， the controversy evolved around the use of DNA evidence is seen as part of science education for the public.6. DNA evidence was used as criminal evidence in the trial of O. J. Simpson， though it was dismissed by the defense lawyers.7. The DNA technique can be used to identify a nameless dead body or skeletal remains.8. The basic procedure to isolate ones DNA fingerprint is called .9. DNA evidence can be used to prove the link of a suspect to a crime or exonerate .10. The investigation of those who claimed to be the descendants of Thomas Jefferson was revealed in a paper published in .Part Listening Comprehension （35 minutes） Section ADirections： In this section， you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation， one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause， you must read the four choices marked A）， B）， C） and D）， and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.注意：在实考中，此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。 11. A） Sheis happy with the student center.B） She will let the man use her computer.C） She hopes to take a statistics course soon.D） Shed like to buy a computer.12. A） The woman should wait to buy new clothes.B） The cold weather will probably continue.C） The weather will warm up soon.D） He already has a warm coat.13. A） They had a misunderstanding four years ago.B） They really like each other very much.C） Theyve been angry with one another for a long time.D） Theyve never learned how to express their feelings.14. A） They watched the end of the race.B） Only three of them didnt finish the race.C） Most of them didnt run in the race.D） They participated in the last three races.15. A） He was taking pictures of the campus.B） His photographs were on the evening news.C） He went to see a film on campus.D） His television appearance was unintentional.16. A） He knows someone who can get the woman a job.B） Greg and his uncle dont like their jobs.C） Greg only got the job because of his uncle.D） He doesnt know the womans uncle.17. A） He should not do the experiment after all.B） He must be extremely careful.C） She will help him do the experiment.D） She is sure he is right.18. A） She is spending time going over her accounts.B） She is going home for only a few days.C） She is excited about going home.D） She is counting the number of vacation days.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. A） He likes to do things with his own hands.B） He wants to make things easier for Paul.C） His house was in a very bad shape when he bought it.D） He wants to save money.20. A） For several years.B） For seven years.C） For a year or two.D） For several months.21. A） He is mental illed.B） He is physically handicapped.C） He works at home.D） He cant move about without his wheelchair.22. A） To start a business on house alterations for disabled people.B） To put a device on Pauls wheelchair.C） To build an extension to the house.D） To redesign the kitchen.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.23. A） He hasnt finished his paper.B） The computer center closed earlier than usual.C） He had to stay up late revising his paper.D） His computer is not working properly.24. A） To get the broken computers removed.B） To complain about the technical assistant.C） To request more access to the computers.D） To ask permission for postponing their papers.25. A） The dining hall closes earlier.B） She has to meet his instructor.C） She needs to return to the computer center.D） She has to finish her economics project.Section BDirections： In this section， you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage， you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question， you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A）， B）， C） and D）. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.注意：在实考中，此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。 Passage OneQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.26. A） They should grow no bigger than 3 year olds.B） They lived in a remote island in Indonesia.C） They lived about 18，000 years ago.D） They had skulls the size of grapefruits.27. A） The species raised domestic animals.B） The species used fire for cooking.C） They lived in close communities.D） The hunted dwarf elephants.28. A） How they interacted with modern humans.B） Whether they lived alongside with modern humans.C） How they came to grow so small.D） How they ended up disappearing from the earth.Passage TwoQuestions 29 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.29. A） The first Olympics were held in 767 B.C.B） The games were held to honor Athena.C） The games were held every two years.D） All wars were ceased during the games.30. A） 100 meter race.B） 200 meter race.C） Chariot racing.D） Marathon.31. A） Wrestling.B） Chariot racing.C） Pole jumping.D） Boxing.32. A） They received awards in the temple of Zeus.B） They were recruited as guards of honor.C） They traveled freely inside the state.D） They were offered free dinners for life.Passage ThreeQuestions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.33. A） A barrier to block the incoming waves.B） Surfboards to be lifted up by waves.C） Roads leading to the wave farms.D） A reservoir to save up the wave energy.34. A） It is a more acceptable source of energy.B） It is a cheaper source of energy.C） It is an environment friendly source of energy.D） It is accessible in most parts of the world.35. A） How to minimize the effect on fishing.B） How to make wave energy cheaper.C） How to ensure the safety of marine traffic.D） How to safeguard the environment.Section CDirections： In this section， you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time， you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time， you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks， you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally， when the passage is read for the third time， you should check what you have written.注意：在实考中，此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。The traditional （36） of an entrepreneur is a person who organizes and accepts the risks of a new business. Entrepreneurs may have a new product or service to （37） . Or they may have ideas for new ways to do business.But an entrepreneurial spirit does not have to be （38） to the business world. Lately we hear more and more about social entrepreneurs. What they do is （39） ； they might even act like business entrepreneurs. They might invest money in projects or get others to support them.But social entrepreneurs are not （40） by a desire for profits. Their most important （41） is to create social value. They organize and support programs that aim to improve conditions in （42） .Social entrepreneurs say they look for （43） to needs without leaving them to government or industry to solve. And they say they try to spread the solution. （44） .Britains Florence Nightingale， （45） . And Mary Montessori of Italy improved teaching methods for early childhood education. Over the past twenty years， there has been extraordinary growth in social entrepreneurship. （46） .Part Reading Comprehension （Reading in Depth） （25 minutes） Section ADirections： In this section， there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.Traveling medicine shows were a major form of 47 in nineteenthcentury， smalltown Australia. To hardworking citizens who saw too little of the broader world， the shows comedy and musical skits provided a welcome 48 from daily routines. Once a crowd had 49， a distinguishedlooking gentleman who invariably bore the title of “doctor” began his sales pitch for some concoction or another made from “natures elixirs” that 50 to cure everything from warts to the common cold. Despite the obvious 51 of such claims， business was often good.Though traveling medicine shows are now a thing of the past， medical 52 is not. Like their nineteenthcentury 53， contemporary quacks look for to take advantage of common fears of pain and death through the 54 of a “miracle treatment.” It is， therefore， essential that clients be able to 55 reports about a variety of drugs and medical procedures. It would sure be a real help to know a little about where the report came from and if it was based on anything. Common sense also helps. Remember if a report 56 too good to be true， its usually just that.注意：在实考中，此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。A） diversionF） determineK） trickeryB） contemporariesG） soundsL） assembledC） entertainmentH） distractionM） promotionD） assessI） promisedN） counterpartsE） exaggerationJ） pronouncesO） assuredSection BDirections： There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A）， B）， C） and D）. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.NASA has been tasked by Congress to identify 90 percent of nearEarth asteroids（小行星） large enough to cause global devastation. The agency recently was directed to hone its search for rocks as small as 459 feet （140 meters） in diameter， w