Module 2 Traffic Jam 教学设计.doc

Module 2 Traffic Jam 教学设计 CULTURAL CORNERThe London Congestion ChargeGoalsTo read about congestion chargeProceduresStep 1: Before you readPlease go over the word list for this module, paying attention to the pronunciation of the word, the relationship between its pronunciation and its spelling.Step 2: While you readCut/ the sentences into thought groups, blacken the predicates, underline the useful expressions and darken the connectives.Step 3: After you readCopy all the useful expressions into your Expression Book. You may make sentences with these expressions.Useful expressions from The London Congestion Chargethe London Congestion Charge, the only city with traffic problems, get stuck in a traffic jam, anywhere in the world, grow fast, such as, cities in developed countries, be built with the motor car in mind, is famous for,the USAs most congested city centre traffic jams, part of daily life, for a long time, in queues, do something about it, introduce a “congestion charge”, a tax for cars entering the centre of the city, come into the center, pay 5 a day, pay the charge, at any of 10,000 pay points, in the capital, before 10 pm, video cameras, record the registration numbers, be checked with a list of drivers, pay the charge for that day, face a fine of 80, be happy with the idea, have a traffic problem, limit ones freedom, carry out a survey, at the end of 2003, traffic coming into central London, be reduced by about 30 percent, use public transport to get to work, be very popular, lose business, work in the city center, keep even more cars out of central London, increase the chargeStep 4: Talking about the London congestion chargeYou are going to put the article into a dialogue in pairs. The following can be an example for you.A: Beijing isnt the only city with traffic problems. B: One can get stuck in a traffic jam anywhere in the world. C: Where do the worst problems occur?A: They occur in cities which are growing fast, such as Sao Paolo in Brazil and Lagos in Nigeria. B: But even cities in developed countries such as the US suffer. A: Take Los Angeles for an example. It was built with the motor car in mind, and is famous for its six-lane highways, is now the USAs most congested city.D: It is true in Europe.A: Most capital cities there were planned and built before cars, and city center traffic jams have been part of daily life for a long time. B: What about the situation in central London?D: The London drivers spend fifty percent of their time in queues these days. A: The traffic problem in London has become bad that the local government has decided to do something about it. B: What does it do?A: In February 2003 the Mayor of London, Ken Livingstone, introduced a “congestion charge”.B: Is that a tax for cars entering the center of the city?A: Yes, it is. B: What is the idea?E: The idea is simple: every car coming into the center has to pay 5 a day. B: Is it convenient?A: Yes, it is. Drivers can pay the charge at any of 10,000 pay points in the capital before 10 pm. B: How does it work?A: As the cars come into the center, video cameras record their registration numbers, and these are checked with a list of drivers who have paid the charge for that day. People who do not pay the charge will face a fine of 80.B: Are the people happy with the measure?A: Most Londoners are not happy with the idea. C: Why arent they happy with it?A: Although the people agree that London has a traffic problem, but the congestion charge is expensive, and limits their freedom.B: But does the congestion charge work? A: Yes, it works. A survey carried out at the end of 2003 suggests it does. B: Any improvement made so far?A: After only six months, traffic coming into central London was reduced by about 30 percent. D: Thats why more people are using the public transport to get to work.A: And bicycles are suddenly very popular in London. D: Whats more, central London shops do not lose business even though there are fewer cars.A: But there are a few people who think the charge should be much higher. B: Thats strange. Who are those people?For example, rich businessmen who work in the city center and can easily afford it. B: Why?A: This would keep even more cars out of central London and the roads would be nearly empty. B: Are there any plans for that?A: No, there arent yet. At the moment there are no plans to increase the charge.Periods 1&2 Introduction and ReadingGetting Around in BeijingGoals To learn to read passages with Imperatives about traffic jams To learn to read with strategiesProceduresStep 1: Warming up by defining traffic jamWhat is traffic jam or traffic congestion?Traffic jam is a number of vehicles blocking one another until they can scarcely move.Traffic congestion occurs when the volume of traffic on a roadway is high enough to become detrimental to its performance. In congested conditions, vehicle speeds are reduced, increasing drive times. These conditions are also more frustrating for drivers (see road rage), and automobile accidents may be more frequent. Furthermore, vehicles burn unnecessary fuel when stuck at idle. A period of extreme traffic congestion is known as a traffic jam. Warming up by looking and sayingLook at the pictures on the screen. They are pictures of traffic jam. Could you say something about traffic jam?Step 1: Before you readPlease go over the word list for this module, paying attention to the pronunciation of the word, the relationship between its pronunciation and its spelling.Step 2: While you read1. Type of writing and summaries of Getting Around in Beijing Getting Around in Beijing TaxisBuses and trolleybusesMinibusesUndergroundPedicabsTaxis are on the streets 24 hours a day.Public transport provides a cheap way to get around in Beijing.Minibuses with seats for 12 passengers offer an alternative to expensive taxis and crowded public transport in some areas.There are four underground lines in Beijing, and several lines are under construction.Tourists like these human-pedalled “tricycle taxis”, but they can be expensive.2. A diagram of Getting Around in BeijingGetting Around in BeijingTaxisBuses and trolleybusesMinibusesUndergroundPedicabs3. Complete the article with one word in each blankTaxis are on the streets in Beijing 24 hours a day. You simply _1_ your hand, and a taxi will appear in front of you in no time. 20,000 buses and _2_ in Beijing provide a cheap way to get around. But you will be displeased as they can _3_ very crowded sometimes. Avoiding public transport during the rush _4_ may be a good idea. Then you might decide to take a minibus with seats for 12 _5_. It offers an alternative to expensive taxis and crowded public transport in some _6_. In Beijing you find four underground lines and several lines more under construction. Underground _7_ are fast and convenient, but rush hours can be frightening. Tourists to Beijing _8_ human-pedalled “tricycle taxis”, but they may not be as cheap as other _9_ of transport. Tricycles are worth taking if you want to see the narrow _10_ (hutong) of old Beijing.Keys: 1raise 2 trolleybuses 3 get 4 hour 5 passengers 6 areas 7 trains 8 like 9 means 10 alleys4. Answer the reading comprehension questions according to the text 1. Taxis are usually red in color, and they display the _ on the _. A. price pre kilometer, window B. routes, door C. signs, back D. words of warning, front2. Fares for _ are cheap, starting at 1 yuan. Air-conditioned buses cost more.A. taxis B. underground trains C. minibuses D. buses and trolleybuses3. _ run regular services and follow the same routes as _.A. Taxis, underground trains B. Minibuses, large public buses C. Pedicabs, Buses and trolleybuses D. Underground trains, pedicabs4. The underground is open from _ am to _ pm.A. 4:00, 12:00 B. 5:00, 11:00 C. 6:00 am to 10:00 D. 7:00 am to 21:00Keys: 1-4 ADBBStep 4: After you read1. Copy all the useful expressions into your Expression Book.Useful expressions from Getting Around in Beijingraise ones hand, in no time, display the price pre kilometer on the window, business permit, make sure, ask for a receipt, public transport, provide a cheap way, get around in Beijing, get very crowded, a good idea, during/in/at the rush hour, cost more, buses numbered 1 to 100, be limited to travel within the city center, have destinations in the suburbs, get on a double-decker bus, sit upstairs, have a good view of, offer an alternative to expensive taxis and crowded public transport, run regular services, follow the same routes as large public buses, four underground lines, under construction, a one-way trip, station names, be marked in pinyin, human-pedaled “tricycle taxis”, be worth using2. Making sentences with expressions from the textYou are going to make your own sentences with the expressions form this module.Sentences made with useful collocations from Getting Around in Beijing (with Imperatives if possible)1. Raise your hand if your have any questions to ask of me.2. Call the police, and they will appear in no time.3. The owner of the bus does not display the price pre kilometer on the window.4. You have to check if the bus has a business permit before you take it.5. Make sure that you ask for a receipt when you buy something in the city.6. Public transport provides a cheap way to get around in the city.7. Buses can get very crowded at the rush hours.8. I have a good idea to avoid public transport during the rush hour.9. It costs more to take buses numbered 1 to 100.10. We were limited to travel within the city center.11. From our hotel room window, we had a grandstand view of the parade.12. Public transport is provided by private buses and minibuses with seats for 12 passengers in our city.13. Bikes offer an alternative to expensive taxis and crowded public transport.14. In some areas taxis run regular services in the daytime.15. Follow the same routes as large public buses, and you will get to the train station easily.16. In rush hours you may take one of the four underground lines in Shanghai.17. This website is currently under construction.18. It costs less to take a one-way trip along the streets in Beijing by taxis.19. I like to take the human-pedaled “tricycle taxis” getting around a new place.20. It is worth exploring the narrow alleys of the ancient city.Period 3 FUNCTIONGiving adviceGoals To learn to give adviceProceduresStep 1: Getting ready with the structureAsking for AdviceWhat do you think I should do?What do you suggest?What would you do (in this situation)?What advice would you give me if I .?Giving Advice I think you should get a lawyer.Maybe you should try someplace else.Why dont you call the company?If I were you, I would tell her.1. I think you should buy the blue one.2. I dont think you should sell your car. 3. Lets go bowling tonight. 4. Why dont we go skiing on Saturday? 5. Why dont you come with me to China?Thats a good idea. Thanks for the advice, but I really need the money. Sorry, I cant. Im meeting a friend for dinner. Sounds like a good idea. Where do you want to go? Thanks, but Ive already been there.You shouldYoud betterMake sureIf I were you, I Its a good ideaYoull Why not?If you, you mustI thinkIn my opinion, you Step 2: Giving advice in pairsAdvice on travel on the roadYou should choose your traveling companion carefully.Make sure you consider how you want to travel.Its a good idea to travel responsibly.Why not travel in as local a way as you can? I think youll spend less, learn more, and do less ecological damage if you travel with me. Advice on learning EnglishI think 10 English words or phrases per day arent too many, are they? Just give it a try. You will find that you can learn them in next to no time.Why not take a little time each day (Monday to Friday) to learn 10 new words?You may use the weekend to revise what you have learned during the past week(s). This way youll enrich your English vocabulary by 50 new words per week. (Thats 200 new English words after a month!)Youd better not look up every word which is new to you even without a dictionary you will understand a lot. Just concentrate on what you do understand and try to find out the rest by intelligent guessing. Make sure you also watch the news in your native language and try to find English news to some of the topics. Even if you dont understand every word in the English text, you will get the message as you already know what the text is about. I think its a good idea when reading English texts look out for the grammar aspect you want to remember. Mark it and reflect on why it is used there.Why dont you look up the topic in an English grammar reference, your English textbook? Its best that you meet friends and study English together. You can repeat your English vocabulary, do your homework together and help each other with English grammar. And why not try one of our games on ego4u. Studying with friends simply is much more fun. Its also a good opportunity to exchange ideas on studying in general. Maybe your friends have found out about a good way of studying more effectively. Or, who knows, maybe you can advise your friends on this?A: I like my job, but I dont make enough money.B: You should ask your boss for a raise.A: I dont want to do that. He may fire me.A: Id love to buy a Sony tape recorder, but I cant afford it.B: Why dont you buy it on an installment plan?A: Ive got a backache.B: If I were you, Id see a doctor.A: Just dont give them a chance to say no.B: Oh, sure, I know that.A: Be sure to go to the Alitalia office first thing tomorrow.B: good deal.A: Why cant you and I talk about this later?B: Cool.A: I feel terrible. Ive got a bad hangover.B: I advise you to quit drinking.A: Youve got to learn to put first things first.B: Ill keep that in my mind.Period 4 GrammarImperativesGoals To learn to use English ImperativesProceduresStep 1: Learning about ImperativesWe use imperatives for different reasons, such as telling people what to do, giving instructions and advice, making recommendations and suggestions, and for making offers. Come in and sit down, please. Dont open the door its cold. Put the books on the desk and open the window. Dont ask me I dont know. See the lawyer its the best thing. Have a bit more water.Emphatic imperative: do + imperativeDo come next Monday. Do be a bit braver.Do forgive me - I didnt mean to be harm. Passive imperative: get + past participleGet vaccinated as soon as you can. Do(nt) be Dont be silly! Do be quiet! Subject with imperative Mary come here - everybody else stay where you are. Somebody answer the phone. Nobody move. Relax everybody. You before an imperative You just sit down and relax for a bit. You take your hands off me! Question tags Give me a hand, will you?Sit down, wont you? Get me something to drink, can you? Be quiet, cant you? Dont tell anybody, will you? Word order : always and never put before imperativesAlways remember what I told you. (NOT Remember always) Never speak to me like that again.”Step 2: Practicing making imperative sentencesExamples:Speak! Finish your homework! Lets eat! Close the door!Lets not forget who helped us. Dont leave me! Dont walk on the grass! Please dont eat the daisies!Dont sit down.Dont take out your books.Dont write the words.Be quiet, please.Listen to de CD.Clean the board, please.Step 3: Absorb information concerning National College Entrance Examination一、重点考查”祈使句 + and / or.”句型 English has a large vocabulary, hasnt it? （2004上海） Yes. _ more words and expressions and you will find it easier to read and communicate. A. Know B. Knowing C. To know D. Known答案及简析：答语中的and是破解此题的关键。and属并列连词，用来连接并列成分。与and后的句子相一致，其前亦应是一个句子。因此，本题正确答案为A，构成祈使句。复习对策：把握”祈使句 + and / or.”句型的表意功能：1. 祈使句表示条件，and后的句子表示结果。Lose one hour in the morning _ you will be looking for it the rest of the day.（2005北京春） A. but B. and C. or D. so2. 祈使句表示要求，or后的句子表示相反行为引起的结果。Follow your doctors advice, _ your cough will get worse. （2005辽宁）A. or B. and C. then D. so答案: 1-2 BA二、在特定语境中考查对祈使句的识别1. 考查祈使动词与非谓语动词的功能区别What should I do with this passage?_ the main idea of each paragraph. （2005重庆）A. Finding out B. Found out C. Find out D. To find out答案及简析：破解此题的关键在于对上文语境的理解。题中what引导的问句是为征询建议，其答语应该是表示说话人的建议。四个选项中只有C能构成祈使句表示建议，因此本题正确答案为C。复习对策：掌握祈使动词与非谓语动词的功能区别：祈使动词构成祈使句，表示要求做某事或不做某事；而非谓语动词位于句首时主要用作状语（表示时间、原因、条件、目的等），或承接上文作主语或宾语。2. 考查带主语的祈使句Sorry, Joe. I didnt mean to.Dont call me “Joe”. Im Mr Parker to you, and _ you forget it! (2003全国)A. do B. didnt C. did D. dont答案及简析：空格后的you仅为加强语气，不影响句法结构。因此，本题正确答案为D，构成否定形式的祈使句。复习对策：克服思维定势，牢记带主语的祈使句的特点：祈使句带主语表示加强语气，或用以指明建议或警告的对象。其主语可以是you，也可以是someone或everyone。但不管主语是复数还是单数，谓语动词一定是动词原形。如：Someone help Tom. 你们得有人帮汤姆。三、考查祈使句的反意疑问句Alice, you feed the bird today, _?But I fed it yesterday. (1999全国)A. do you B. will you C. didnt you D. dont you答案及简析：破解此题的关键首先在于对空格前句子类型的判断。题干的第一句话并非陈述句，而是祈使句。正确答案为B。如套用反意疑问句”前肯定，后否定”的规则选定D，则正中拟题人所设”圈套”。复习对策：认识祈使句，并熟记祈使句与其反意疑问句的对应规则：肯定形式的祈使句 + will you?否定形式的祈使句 + will you？特殊情况：Lets., s