六级试卷分析.doc

例题：2008年12月长对话1W: Right, well, in the studio this morning, for our interview spot is Peter Wilson 【人名，重要】. Peter works for Green Peace 【特殊表达，文章主题词】. So, Peter, welcome。M: Thanks a lot. Its good to be here。W: Great! Now, Peter, perhaps you can tell us something about Green Peace and your job there.【寒暄，为了迷惑考生，此处进入正题】M: Sure. Well, Ill start by telling you roughly what Green Peace is all about. I actually work in London for the Green Peace organization(人物职业，22题考点1). Weve been going for a few decades and were a non-violent, non-political organization. Were involved in anti-nuclear activity, conservation and protection of animals and protection and support of our eco-system. Im the action organizer and arrange any protests。(人物职业重复，22题考点1)W: Right! A pretty important role, Peter. What sort of protest would you organize?M: Well, recently weve been involved in anti-nuclear campaigns. (问答关系，23题考点2)I, personally arranged for the demonstration against radioactive waste dumping in the Atlantic Ocean. Weve got a few small Green Peace boats that we harass(特殊词汇，首次出现，24题考点2) the dumping ship with。W: Say? Hold on, Peter. I thought you said your organization was non-violent. What do you mean by harass?(重复核心词，也是问题所在。问答关系。)M: Well, we circle round and round the ships and get in the way when they try to dump the drums of nuclear waste in the sea。(针对问题harass的具体回答，24题考点3) We talk to the men and try to change, you know, yell at them to stop. We generally make ourselves as much of a nuisance as possible。M: Well, people may think differently of your methods, but theres no doubt youre doing a great job。(转折词but+态度判断词great，25题考点4) Keep it up and good luck (继续态度判断). And thanks for talking with us。W: Thanks for having me。Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard。22. What is the mans chief responsibility in the Green Peace organization?A. Organising protests C. Acting as its spokesman。B. Recruiting members D. Saving endangered animals。23. What has Green Peace been involved in recently?A. Anti-animal-abuse demonstrations B. Anti-nuclear campaignsC. Surveying the Atlantic Ocean floor D. Removing industrial waste。24. How does Green Peace try to stop people from dumping nuclear waste?A. By harassing them. C. By taking legal action。B. By appealing to the public D. By resorting to force。25. What is the womans attitude towards the Green Peaces campaigns?A. Doubtful C. Indifferent 。B. Reserved D. Supportive解析：针对文章本身，我们秉承一贯的解析传统，将原文和考点的出处以及正确答案分别作了标注，考生可以一一对应，自行找出字里行间的考点。做题的时候一定要和短文一样对题目的出题位置有明确的把握，位置感很重要。一般而言，对话时，开头的客套以及问候与结尾的道别结束语很少出题，而对话中段往往才是重点。从重点划线部分我们发现长对话和短文题目做题有着惊人的相似!问答式的考点(一问一答中Question针对问题发问，回答是正确答案考点)，分层次的考察(Top-Down Level)，建议请求的运用。特别明显的是对话的开头部分一直在纠缠Green Peace如何以及Peter怎么样，所以只考察了一道题目，第二道题目直到对话的中部才出现，因为两个人直到那时才从Green Peace的基本介绍转到Peter的工作和日常事务这个话题上来。此外，这则对话还秉承了passage的一个重要的考察方式，就是在对话的开头部分一定会出题目。这一点的考察利用的是考生往往很难在一个段落刚开始的时候集中注意力，所以这时候考察的题目难度就显得很高。另外，24题的考法是长对话中最典型的一种，就是针对动作行为进行发问，考点在于考生需要听明白人物发出的动作是什么，原文的动词harass和选项的harass是一摸一样，属于最简单的考法，而且原文重复两次，因此考生对此即便是不知道harass是什么意思也能选对。25题的考法是一贯的长对话结尾题，往往以态度判断和结论作为考察对象，此题选项均为态度词，很容易判断，另外，注意到选项呈现“三负一正”的格局，因此答案是显然的。综上所述，长对话并不可怕，它结合了短对话对问答句式，态度判断和关键场景赐予的考察和短文部分对文章层次和理解能力的要求。所以做这样的题目往往需要具备综合的素质，既要注意其中的细节，又要注意整体的把握，还要能够应付二篇文章中一共7道题目的题量，对于综合能力的要求是显著提高了。建议考生在练习的时候可以先把短对话和长段子两部分分别练好，再寻找一些长对话题目进行综合练习。我们熟悉的雅思考试和托福考试的真题中都有大量的长对话题目可供大家参考。做题建议：1.提前浏览，有备而听对于任何一种考试来说，题目本身其实也是线索，只要运用得当，势必获益非浅。所以，考试时在听力考试录音开始之前要尽可能抽时间浏览所有选项，以便预测对话的主题和相关细节内容。当然，从录音材料看来，通过instruction我们知道，短对话和长对话之间几乎没有什么时间间隔，所以不能等到短对话结束时再来浏览长对话选项，而应在放Section A的Direction时就开始。为了顾全长短对话，我们的策略是：考生可以先迅速浏览前四个短对话的选项，用以备听做题，而从第五个对话开始，每个短对话之间都有15秒左右的时间间隔，考生可利用这段时间来预读下一题的选项。当读完前四个短对话的选项后，考生应在Directions结束前，迅速浏览第一个长对话的所有选项，尽可能找出相关线索。根据样卷录音，Section A的Directions大约持续一分20秒左右的时间，如果加上考场试音的时间则更长。这足可以让考生预读前四个短对话的选项和第一个长对话的所有选项。2.分析选项，预测内容选项的预读是对考生阅读能力的考核，能不能在40秒左右的时间内看完第一个长对话后的4题12个选项将是制胜的关键因素之一。这需要考生在考前经过专门的快速阅读的训练，并加以合理的应试技巧，方能临场奏效。在分析选项的部分，希望考生能针对如下三个关键部分进行快速判断：A、人物关系(Relationship，邻居?夫妻?同学?师生?同事等，能够为后面做题判断人物身份起到良好的铺垫)。B、动作行为 (动词和动词结构往往是最重要的考察对象之一)。C、态度词 (长对话结尾往往涉及态度判断和结论)3. 边听边选，不要走神尽量在听的时候确定哪个选项能够最大程度的吻合，这是做短文听力的宗旨，同样适用于长对话。平时训练做到“边听边记”、强调语言输出的强化训练为主，上了考场强调“边听边选”。最后听问题确定自己的正确答案，因为听力时间间隔很短，因此哪怕是猜的答案，一旦作出判断，就不要过多纠缠于这一分。集中注意力到下一题当中。作文的展开按照三步走：1)题目涉及的现象进行简单的描述，在描述的过程中将写作引向文章的主题(这样的描述可以自己控制，如果第一段落字数单薄，可以适当使描述具体化)。2)在第一步的基础上给出观点，观点视文章主旨可以分为：个人观点(包括方法、途径)，和多方观点(观点从正反两方面或者一个方面的多个层次阐述;在交待观点是需要有原因和支持)。3)个人观点总结点题(同意异表)，简要指出方法途径，如果找不到具体的解决方法，则将话讲得圆滑(如果正文中间观点没有必然冲突，则可以融合)。A 1995.1 my view on the negative effects of some advertisements社会上的广告现象越来越多，很多的广告对我们的社会有不良的影响-(广告如何多：路边大型广告，报纸一半是广告，电线杆上垃圾广告，电视商业广告频繁。)Today we live in a world of advertisement. Ads appear on broad side boards, take up much of newspaper coverage, slip their way onto walls and constantly interrupt TV programs. However pervasive they are, (尽管他们四处充斥)they always produce a negative influence。从观点的多个层次描写：1.白日抢劫卖家通过弯曲夸大事实来欺骗消费者购买(化妆品);2.种下不良消费习惯或者价值观(香烟);3.污染环境(牛皮癣和校园商业海报)。To begin with, daylight robbery is made everyday occurrence (白日抢劫每天都在发生)as a result of the negative effects of ads. Harmful ads exaggerate the functions and distort/ignore the facts。(夸大功能，歪曲事实) Every means is tried to hook people into buying(为了诱导人们消费，不择手段). Make-up promotion is a typical case in point。(化妆品促销就是一个典型的例子) Furthermore, misleading ads plant in the mind (在脑海中植下)of consumers, especially young people, a bad consumption habit or, even worse, corrupt values. For proof, look no further than cigarette selling. (香烟销售就是一个典型的例子)Ads with the image of a smoking pop star broadcast an irresistible message。(传递无法抗拒的信息) Last but not least, easily-printed posters and handouts have polluted our environment。个人认为广告负面效应不可避免，要通过严格的法律来减少危害，同时开动脑精，远离它们。Personally, no one can avoid the negative influence. However, we need to step up law enforcement (加强执法)to minimize the harm of such ads. Meanwhile, as consumers, we need to use our head and keep our distance。B 1996.1 Two-day weekend-工作效率提高，物质生活富足，人们可能享受2天周末制，(除了工作效率之外：人们对生活水平的期待。)As the productivity improves, our society becomes more affluent than ever before. As a result of such social advance, a 2-day weekend seems not just possible but also feasible。从正反两方面描写，每个方面可以从多个角度来论述：1.有人欢呼，原因如下：1)更长的休息时间，更好的调整精力，更高的效率为新的一周做好准备;2)更长的时间与家人分享，更加融洽家庭关系;3)可以进行适当距离的旅游，更好的享受生活。2.有人反对，原因如下：1)在某种程度上不利于生产和生活(减少产出，办事不方便);2)降低效率(周末未完之事必须拖拉两天;周末活动过多造成假期疲劳)。The proponents (支持者)happily welcome a 2-day weekend for the following reasons. Firstly, a 2-day weekend ensures more time for rest(确保足够的时间休息). People can better recover from 5 days hard work(可以更好的从天的工作中恢复过来) and get more refreshed and productive for the coming week. Secondly, a 2-day weekend allows more time to share with ones family. Thirdly, 2 days make possible(使成为可能) short-distance travels, so that people neednt rush through a destination (在一个游玩的目的地走马观花)and can enjoy more of life(更好的享受生活). On the other hand, the opponents(反对者)argue an extended weekend(延长了的周末) causes incontinences of some kind (某种程度的不便)to life and harm to economy, as workers in service agencies (服务行业)and in companies leave position for leisure and recreation。(离职去娱乐享受) Whats more, a longer weekend reduces efficiency(降低效率) and does not necessarily promise (确保)more energy for a new week. Anything that happens on Friday but cant be finished within that day has to be delayed even longer. After people finish an ambitious travel, they feel exhausted than refueled. (他们感到很疲劳而不是充电了)个人认为是好事，但是要多方面努力，享受好处的同时尽量避免坏处。As for me, I readily welcome the 2-day weekend. Still, we need to make joint efforts to minimize the disadvantages while enjoying a happier life。C 1998.6 do lucky numbers really bring luck?-中国这个社会长期以来的传统：喜欢吉祥的数字。数字和运气之间有必然的联系么?-(如何喜欢：重要事件选择黄道吉日，如婚庆，开业;手机号码选择吉祥数字等等举不胜举。)Its a tradition in the Chinese culture to associate lucky numbers with good luck. We select good days for big events like wedding and business ceremonies; we cast huge money for a good phone number or a car plate. Similar examples simply abound in this country(这样的例子举不胜举). However, does this magical relationship exist?从正反两方面描写，每个方面可以从多个角度来论述：1.有人坚信，原因如下：1)几千年的民族传统肯定有他的道理; 2)偶尔的神奇现象也能增加信心。2 。不相信的人也有自己的理由：1)数字只是人类发明的符号，与运气无关。2)如果不遵守科学规律，任何数字都不能确保幸运(车祸)。Those who believe argue that such a tradition dates back thousands of years(这个传统有几千年的历史了). There must be a reason. In addition, occasional coincidences(偶尔的巧合) in history and in life even add to their confidence(增强了他们对这个信心). By contrast, those who dont believe also have their reasons. For one thing, numbers are nothing but man-made symbols. How can they have anything to do with luck? For another, however lucky the numbers are(不管这个数字都么的吉祥)， accidents cant be avoided if we turn a blind eye to science(无视科学)， say, driving a car while being drunk。个人认为数字和运气没有必然联系，因此不能当真。同时尊重这样的一个传统。From my point of view, there is never any relation between lucky numbers and good luck. While we keep this tradition, we should never take it too seriously。考生感觉六级阅读的难点、原因及解决方法：1、生词较多许多同学感觉六级阅读中生词较多，阅读时不得不花费大量的时间和精力去理解文章中出现的生词。确实，词汇量是任何英文阅读(特别是像六级这样的高级英文阅读)的基础。但我认为六级单词相对于4级仅多了1200个。如果考生能充分掌握4级词汇，文章中出现的所谓的生词是不应该成为我们阅读的拦路虎。我们知道，任何文章段落与段落或句子与句子之间都会有逻辑联系。句子中词的作用(尤其是形容词、副词或连词)就在于体现某种逻辑关系。考生完全可以通过体会句子与句子之间的逻辑关系猜出或体会出某种生词的指向范围或大致含义。因为六级考试阅读文章并不要求对“生词”释义的精确掌握我们的目的是了解文章或句子大意。所以，只要达到这种效果我们就能掌握文章或句子的大致内容，完全符合考试大纲的要求。如今离考试越来越近，再背字典是不可能的了。建议大家背历年真题里的生词，在阅读真题的过程中将自己不认识的单