（通用版）高考英语一轮复习 Unit 5 Nelson Mandelaa modern hero讲义 新人教版必修1.doc

unit 5nelson mandela a modern hero一、单词表词汇全查验运用多媒体，提问默写词汇.阅读词汇(英译汉)第一屏听写1mean adj. 吝啬的；自私的；卑鄙的2generous adj. 慷慨的；大方的3easygoing adj. 随和的；温和宽容的4self n. 自我；自身5selfish adj. 自私的6selfless adj. 无私的；忘我的7selflessly adv. 无私地；忘我地 第二屏听写8invader n侵略者9republic n. 共和国；共和政体10principle n. 法则；原则；原理11livelihood n. 生计；谋生12mankind n. 人类13lawyer n. 律师14legal adj. 法律的；依照法律的15fee n. 费(会费、学费等)；酬金 第三屏听写16league n 同盟；联盟；联合会17youth league 青年团18quote n. 引用语；语录19release vt. 释放；发行20blanket n. 毛毯；毯子21terror n. 恐怖；可怕的人；恐怖时期；恐怖活动22anti前缀 _反；抗；阻23antiblack adj. 反黑人的 .高频词汇(汉译英)第四屏听写1quality n 质量；品质；性质2warmhearted adj. 热心肠的3active adj. 积极的；活跃的4devote vt. (与to连用)献身；专心于5devoted adj. 忠实的；深爱的6found vt. 建立；建设7peaceful adj. 和平的；平静的；安宁的8hopeful adj. 怀有希望的；有希望的 第五屏听写9youth n青年；青年时期10guidance n. 指导；领导11stage n. 舞台；阶段；时期12vote vt.&vi. 投票；选举n. 投票；选票；表决13attack vt. 进攻；攻击；抨击14equal adj. 相等的；平等的15willing adj. 乐意的；自愿的 第六屏听写16unfair adj. 不公正的；不公平的17escape vi.&vt. 逃脱；逃走；避开；泄露18educate vt. 教育；训练19educated adj. 受过教育的；有教养的20beg vi. 请求；乞求21relative n. 亲戚；亲属22reward n. 报酬；奖金vt. 酬劳；奖赏第七屏听写23sentence vt.判决；宣判24president n. 总统；会长；校长；行长25opinion n. 意见；看法；主张26violence n. 暴力；暴行27cruelty n. 残忍；残酷28out_of_work 失业29as_a_matter_of_fact 事实上 第八屏听写30blow_up 使充气；爆炸31in_trouble 在危险、受罚、痛苦、忧虑等的处境中32turn_to 求助于；致力于33lose_heart 丧失勇气或信心34come_to_power 当权；上台35set_up 设立；建立36be_sentenced_to 被判处(徒刑) 二、单元核心考点初热身提供语境，单元考点自测回顾(一)分类识记单词用时少功效高识记单词写对.知其意(英译汉)1.mean adj.吝啬的；自私的；卑鄙的2.quote n. 引用语；语录3.league n. 同盟；联盟；联合会4.release vt. 释放；发行5.livelihood n. 生计；谋生.写其形(汉译英)1.hopeful adj. 怀有希望的；有希望的2.youth n. 青年；青年时期3.willing adj. 乐意的；自愿的4.unfair adj. 不公正的；不公平的5.beg vi. 请求；乞求6.relative n 亲戚；亲属7.warmhearted adj. 热心肠的8.stage n. 舞台；阶段；时期9.attack vt. 进攻；攻击；抨击10.president n. 总统；会长；校长；行长核心单词练通1.tsinghua university, founded (建立) in 1911, is one of the best universities in china.2.our company is more concerned with quality (质量) than quantity.3.they managed to escape (逃脱) from the burning building by breaking down the door.4.the government rewarded (奖赏) him for saving the old man in the well.5.black people could not vote (选举) or choose their leaders in the past.6.we may have different opinions (看法) in organizing class activities.7.he was involved in a bank robbery and was sentenced (判处) to six years in prison.拓展单词用活记全记牢1.active adj.积极的；活跃的actively adv.积极地；活跃地activity n活动2.devote vt.献身；专心于devoted adj.忠实的；深爱的devotion n关爱；献身；奉献；忠诚3.peaceful adj.和平的；平静的；安宁的peacefully adv.和平地peace n和平；平静；和睦4.guidance n指导；领导guide vt.带领，引导 n向导5.violence n暴力；暴行violent adj.暴力的；猛烈的violently adv.猛烈地6.equal adj.相等的；平等的equality n平等；相等equally adv.同样地；相等地；公平地7.educate vt.教育；训练educated adj.受过教育的；有教养的education n教育educator n教育工作者；教育家8.cruelty n残忍；残酷cruel adj.残忍的；残酷的用准用活1.in order to give her a good education,_her parents sent her to a famous school to be educated.(educate)2.china is known to be a peaceful country. its been a model of peace in the world. (peace)3.bethune, a devoted friend of chinese, devoted his life to helping chinese. i really respect his devotion to medical work.(devote)4.all men are born equal,_so everyone hopes to be treated equally because equality is the basic demand.(equal)5.he criticized violently that the government did little to stop the violence in the country.(violent)1.“n.fuladj.”荟萃peacepeaceful和平的painpainful 痛苦的harmharmful 有害的powerpowerful 强大的meaningmeaningful 有意义的cheercheerful 欢乐的2.后缀ance高频名词全接触guidance指导；领导importance 重要；重要性ignorance 无知；愚昧significance 意义；重要性appearance 出现tolerance 宽容；容忍3.“奖；奖赏”家族reward vt.酬劳；奖赏n. 报酬；奖金award vt. 授予；奖给n. 奖品；奖金prize n. 奖金；奖品bonus n. 奖金；红利(二)语段串记短语不枯燥兴趣高先 写 对再 用 准第一组1.out_of_work失业2.in_trouble 在危险、受罚、痛苦、忧虑等的处境中3.turn_to 求助于；致力于4.lose_heart_ 丧失勇气或信心5.come_to_power 当权；上台6.as_a_matter_of_fact_ 事实上the situation has become worse and worse since the new government came_to_power. i am out_of_work and feel at a loss what to do. i will turn_to my friend, mary for advice tomorrow, who always encourages me not to lose_heart. she told me i should be hopeful about the future when i am in_trouble.第二组1.blow_up使充气；爆炸2.set_up 设立；建立3.be_sentenced_to 被判处(徒刑)4.be_willing_to_do 愿意做5.be_in_prison 坐牢6.in_ones_opinion/view 在某人看来7.fight_for 为而战nelson mandela devoted all his life to realizing the dream that people with different colors should be equal. he set_up a law office to offer guidance to poor black people on their legal problems. one day, one of his supporters helped him blow_up the government buildings to fight_for their rights. unfortunately, he was_sentenced_to prison for life on robben island until 1990.1.“inn.”短语面面观in trouble在困境中in danger处于危险中in return 作为回报 in detail 详细地in order 井然有序 in place 在适当的位置in vain 徒劳地 in peace 平静地2.“动词to”短语荟萃turn to求助于；致力于object to反对refer to 谈到；涉及；参阅 point to 指向belong to 属于 stick to 坚持；忠于see to 处理；料理 come to 共计；苏醒(三)仿写用活句式造佳句表达高背 原 句明 句 式学 仿 写1.the last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress .过去30年来所出现的大量法律剥夺了我们的权利，阻挡了我们的进步主语是时间或地点名词，谓语是see, find等动词，表示经历或目睹了某事。近几年一些环境灾难大规模地出现，专家们预测更坏的局面即将来临。the_last_few_years_have_seen environmental disasters on a grand scale, and experts are predicting far worse to come.2. only then did we decide to answer violence with violence. 只有到这个时候，我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。only修饰状语放在句首，句子用部分倒装。只有通过多练习剪纸，你才能掌握这门民间艺术。(2017全国卷书面表达)only by practising papercutting more can_you_learn_the_folk_art.3.i felt bad the first time i talked to a group. 第一次给旅行团作讲解时，我的心情很不好。the first time “第一次”，引导时间状语从句。第一次比赛失败，我们都感到很沮丧，因为我们都全身心地为此做了充分准备。(2013湖南高考书面表达)the_first_time_we_lost_the_match,_we all felt very depressed, because we had all been devoted to making full preparations for it.考点新组合阅读微技能the first time i heard of stephen hawking, i was moved by his devotion to the research. as for his daily life, he is in great trouble. for example, only when he turns to the computer is it possible for him to speak, read and write. however, he devotes_(he) to the study of science and his contributions to the world have no equal. in my opinion, nothing could be in reward for his contributions _ science. 1.把句改为正常语序：for_example,_it_is_possible_for_him_to_speak,_read_and_write_only_when_he_turns_to_the_computer.2.处应填词的正确形式为 himself。3.处应填介词 to。1devote vt.献身；专心于(1)devote . to . 把奉献于devote oneself to 献身于；致力于(2)devoted adj. 忠实的；深爱的be devoted to (doing) sth. 专心于(做)某事； 奉献于(做)某事(3)devotion n. 关爱；关照；奉献；忠诚多角练透单句语法填空once married, jo devoted her whole life to looking after children and being a full time homemaker.devoting (devote) herself/devoted (devote) to teaching the deaf children, the young lady has little time to care for her own daughter.to be honest, li lei is my devoted (devote) friend.his devotion (devote) to this work moves the people deeply.补全句子you will never gain success unless you are_fully_devoted_to your work.除非你完全专注于你的工作，不然你永远不会获得成功。联想发散以下短语中to是介词，不是不定式符号，后接动词时应用动名词形式。look forward to doing sth.盼望做某事object to doing sth. 反对做某事get down to doing sth. 开始做某事pay attention to doing sth. 注意做某事be/get used/accustomed to doing sth. 习惯于做某事2equal adj.相等的；平等的；同等的；胜任的vt.等于；抵得上n.同等的人；相等物(1)be equal to sth./doing sth.等于/胜任(做)某事without equal 无与伦比equal sb./sth. in (doing) sth. 在(做)某事上比得过、敌得过某人/物(2)equality n. 平等equally adv. 相等地；同等地；均等地；同样地多角练透单句语法填空his paintings are without equal in the western world.nobody can equal him in intelligence.men and women must be treated equally (equal) in education and employment.单句写作其次，要积极向上和开心，因为你的心理健康和身体健康同等重要。(2014江西高考书面表达) for another, be positive and cheerful, for your mental health is_equal_to_your_physical_health.联想发散表示“胜任”的其他常见表达：be up tobe fit forbe qualified for3reward n报酬；奖金vt.酬劳；奖赏(1)as a reward (for .)作为(对的)报酬/奖赏in reward for 为酬谢；作为的奖励(2)reward sb. with . for sth. 为某事而用酬谢某人(3)rewarding adj. 值得做的；有益的；有意义的多角练透单句语法填空we gave him a gift as a reward for his kindness.he received a medal in reward for his bravery.they rewarded the winners with gifts of fruits and flowers when the match ended.单句写作你提到你可以教我英语作为回报，这恰恰正是我想要的。(2015四川高考书面表达)you mentioned that you_could_teach_me_english_as_a_reward,_which is exactly what i want.4in trouble在危险、受罚、痛苦、忧虑等的处境中 ask for trouble自找麻烦；自讨苦吃get into trouble 陷入困境；惹麻烦have trouble (in) doing sth./with sth. 做某事方面有困难/麻烦take the trouble to do sth. 不怕费事或困难尽力做某事多角练透单句语法填空if you are in trouble, mike is always willing to lend a hand.whenever we have trouble with our studies, our teachers always help us patiently.you cant imagine the trouble i had persuading (persuade) him to change his mind.thanks for the trouble you have taken to_help (help) us.补全句子what worries me a lot is that i am_really_having_trouble_in_collecting_information_and_using_language.让我十分担心的是，我在收集信息和使用语言方面确实有困难。5turn to求助于；翻到(书的某页)；致力于；查阅；转向 一词多义写出下列句中turn to的含义he is ready to help others, seldom, if ever, refusing them when they turn to him.求助于after he left university he became a teacher, but later turned to journalism.转向you shouldnt always turn to the dictionary when you meet new words in reading.查阅please turn to page 40.翻到归纳拓展turn down关小；拒绝turn away 拒绝入内；把打发走turn up 出现；露面；调大turn out 证明是；结果是；赶走；生产turn over 打翻；翻身；移交some compromises were unavoidable, but the video turned_out perfect.(2017北京高考书面表达)一些妥协是不可避免的，但视频证明是极好的。6the first time引导时间状语从句i felt bad the_first_time i talked to a group.第一次给旅行团作讲解时，我的心情很不好。有类似用法的词语还有：(1)each/every time每次时next time 下次时the last time 上次时(2)一就the_first_time_he_met_the_girl he was struck by her wisdom and fell in love with her deeply.他第一次遇到这个女孩就被她的睿智所打动，并深深地爱上了她。every/each_time_i_see_the_old_man in the park, he is absorbed in reading newspapers.每次我在公园里看到这位老人时，他都在专注地读报纸。名师指津the first time 表示“第一次”，在句中可作宾语、表语，还可以用作连词，引导时间状语从句。for the first time 表示“第一次”，独立作状语，不引导从句。he became interested in the young teachers lesson the_first_time he attended his class.he was so excited in class for_the_first_time.他第一次上课时就对这位年轻老师的课感兴趣。他第一次上课这么兴奋。7“only状语”置于句首的倒装句式.only_then_did_we decide to answer violence with violence.只有到这个时候，我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。only放在句首修饰状语(通常是副词、介词短语或状语从句等)时，句子需要部分倒装。only by understanding and learning from each other can_we_spend those days together happily. (2014天津高考书面表达)只有通过相互理解、彼此学习我们才能一起开心地度过那些美好的日子。theres no denying that only if we deal with and overcome large numbers of difficulties in a correct way will_we_achieve_our_dreams. (2015湖南高考满分作文)不可否认，只有我们以正确的方式处理和克服大量的困难我们才会实现我们的梦想。名师指津(1)“only从句”放在句首时，倒装的是主句，从句不倒装；(2)only 放在句首修饰主语时不用倒装。only a few of the children havent yet got a chance of being educated.仍有少数儿童未得到受教育的机会。考点新组合阅读微技能we have reached a stage_ we must take effective measures to protect the environment from going bad to worse. now, anyone who does harm to our environment wont escape being punished. and the past few months have witnessed changes in the environment. the air quality, _ is shown in the report, has improved gradually. 1.处应填关系词 where。2.用高级词汇替换anyone who：whoever。3.处应填 as。8.escape v& n逃脱；逃生；泄露；被遗忘；逃走；避开(1)escape (doing) sth.逃避(做)某事escape from 从逃脱；逃避(2)a narrow escape 九死一生；死里逃生多角练透单句语法填空he escaped being_killed (kill) in the explosion because he had not gone to work.seeing the poisonous gas escaping from the broken pipe, he sounded the alarm.写出加黑单词在语境中的含义bob looked back only to find an old classmate whose name escaped him for the moment.被遗忘9拟人修辞手法the_last_thirty_years_have_seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress, until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.过去30年来所出现的大量法律剥夺了我们的权利，阻挡了我们的进步，一直到今天，我们还处在几乎什么权利都没有的阶段。 (1)see意为“见证，目睹，经历”时，常以表示时代、年代、世纪或地点的名词作主语，表示某时或某地“目睹、发生、经历”了某事。(2)与see用法相同的动词有find, witness, say, experience等，这些词在句中作谓语，用物作主语时，表示一种拟人的手法，以增添语言色彩，使表达更形象。the_year_1949_saw_the_founding of the peoples republic of china.1949年见证了中华人民共和国的建立。the two stone lions standing in front of tiananmen saw/witnessed_many_great_historic_events.天安门前的这两只石狮目睹了许多重大的历史事件。单元语基落实.单句语法填空1under our teachers careful guidance (guide), we finished our homework in advance.2the man should be condemned for his cruelty (cruel) to his wife.3it does serious harm to childrens character that too much violence (violent) is shown on television.4he was_attacked (attack) by a dog when he was walking along the street.5if we cant finish the work on time, we will get into trouble.6although he made a serious mistake in his work, he was lucky to escape being_fired (fire) by his boss.7with the speeches finished, we voted to_choose (choose) the monitor.8people in all countries want a peaceful (peace) world rather than one filled with wars.9though he has met with many difficulties over the past two years, he is still hopeful (hope)10high school education (educate) is very important for students, because it can help them to choose their future.单句改错1he often lent me a hand when i was in trouble, to which i was grateful.tofor2as far as i know, he has been out of the work for several months.去掉the3the boy lost his heart when he knew he failed the exam again.去掉his4i fell in love with the city for the first time i visited it.去掉for5hopeful, ill be able to stay at home for three weeks this time.hopefulhopefully6the boss in which company mr king worked heard about the accident.whichwhose7nowadays many school children devote too much time to play computer games.playplaying8this position is equal suitable for a school leaver or for somebody who has work experience.equalequally.根据提示词和相关结构补全句子1这是一个没有收音机、没有电话，也没有电视的时期。(this was a time when)this_was_a_time_when_there_were_no_radios,_no telephones or no tv sets.2只有在那时我才意识到与所有的朋友脱离关系，从不与他们联系是多么地傻。(only引起的倒装句)only_then_did_i_realize_that it was foolish of me to break away from all of my friends and never contact them. 3.我第一次在会议厅演讲时非常紧张。(the first time)i was very nervous the_first_time_i_gave_a_speech_in_the_meeting_hall. 4.当他的亲戚朋友向他求助时，他总是乐意帮助他们。(turn to; willing)when his relatives and friends turn_to_him_for_help,_he is_always_willing_to_give them a hand.5这座古庙见证了过去二百年里这个村庄的巨大变迁。(see)the_old_temple_has_seen_great_changes_of_the_village in the past two hundred years.一句多译/句型转换1我送给他一本从上海买的书来答谢他的帮助。i gave him a book bought from shanghai in_reward_for_his_help.(reward n)as_a_reward_for_his_help,_i gave him a book which was bought from shanghai. (reward n)i rewarded_him_with_a_book which i bought from shanghai for his help. (reward v)2i realized knowledge is valuable only when i had another failure in my jobseeking.only when i had another failure in my jobseeking did_i_realize_knowledge_is_valuable.it_was_only_when_i_had_another_failure_in_my_jobseeking_that i realized knowledge is valuable.(强调句型)3the government came to power two years ago.the government has_been_in_power for two years.4he devoted himself to community activities and was praised by the people around.devoting_himself_to_community_activities,_he was praised by the people around.(devote vt.)devoted_to_community_activities,_he was praised by the people around.(devoted adj.)高考拆组训练阅读理解组块专练练速度(限时：35分钟).阅读理解abessie colemanborn in texas, coleman moved to chicago to find a job, but she became interested in the stories she heard from pilots returning from world war .however, her race (种族) and her gender (性别) kept her out of flight schools in the us., so she made her way to france where she could learn flying.when she returned to chicago, coleman had difficulty finding jobs, so she chose to be a stunt (特技) pilot.she was the first black female pilot in the us.and was an inspiration to early pilots and to african americans and native americans.bessica raichebessica raiche drove a car, shot guns and practiced medicine.besides, she was an accomplished artist and musician.but on oct.13, 1910, raiche became the first american woman to make a flight in an aircraft by herself.raiches aviation career (航空职业) was short, as she moved to southern california to focus on her career in medicine, later becoming president of the orange county medical association.willa brownwilla brown was the first african american woman to earn both a pilots license (1938) and a commercial license (1939)as a former schoolteacher and social worker, brown set up the coffey school of aeronautics at chicagos harlem airport, which later became the first governmentapproved aviation training school for african americans.peggy whitsonat 57, peggy whitson was the worlds oldest spacewoman.she has spent 500 days off earth more than any other woman, and in 2008, she became the first female commander of the international space station (iss)she made her eighth space walk on march 30, 2017 and she bea