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朗阁雅思写作组 2010年下半年写作真题回顾及论点剖析2010年7月2010.7.10 社会类More and more young people hold important positions in government. Some people think it is not suitable but others think otherwise.Discuss both views and give your own opinion.年轻人在政府身居要职的优点1 年轻人一般拥有最新的专业知识(newest specialized knowledge),如果他们能够有一定话语权可以将这些知识学以致用(gear ones study to practical use),2 年轻人思想更加有创造性(an original mind),容易接受先进理念(be readily receptive to new ideas),推动政府将改革教育和法制作为首要任务(The Government gave priority to reforming the legal and educational system)3 年轻人更加重视科技改变人民生活,重视高科技成果转化项目(Undertaking Investment Fund and Transformation of Scientific Research Achievements)年轻人在政府身居要职的缺点1 年轻人显得还不够成熟,(Show lack of maturity),很多想法还太激进(radical idea)或不切实际(their unrealistic notions)2 年轻人没有足够威信,势力和影响力(having authority or ascendancy or influence)所以他们的很多想法不能在合适的时候被实施(done or happening at the appropriate or proper time)2010.7.15 教育社会类Some people think adults should learn practical skills by themselves, while others think they should learn from teachers.Discuss both views and give your own opinion. 成年人靠自己学习实用技能优势1 自学能增加成年人的独立性,即培养了成年人自学的独立态度又培养了成年人独立学习才能(autonomy as both an attitude towards learning and a capacity for independent learning)2 自学能学习并锻炼技能(learn and exercise skills),从而为年轻人的未来的事业奠定坚实的基础(lay a solid foundation for their career)成年人从老师那里学习实用技能优势1 老师有很多科学的教学课程和方法(raised the scientific curriculum,the teaching principle and the teching methodes),会使得学习更加高效更加节约时间(more efficient and less time-consuming)2 跟老师学习不但能学习实用技能,而且能够了解一些工作经验和社会经验,(social experience),有利于今后事业发展2010.7.17社会类The movement of people from agricultural areas to cities to work can cause serious problems in both places. What are the serious problems and what measures can be taken to solve this problem?农村人口大量涌入城市带来问题1 收入差距(the income gap between urban residents and rural areas)财富分配不平均。2 资源投入的不平衡,乡村缺乏各种基础设施和服务,比如电力、能源供应(electricity and fuel supply)、公路、电话和网络(access to telephones and the Internet)3 大量农村人口涌入城市所造成的城市人口数量激增(booming population)导致基础设施的费用增加(increased infrastructure costs)农村人口大量涌入城市解决方案1 制定优惠政策促进郊区发展(make preferential policies to boost rural development)2 增加乡村基础设施投入,改善郊区的交通、道路、电子通讯(roads,street,rapid trasit system,telecommunications)2010.7.31教育类Some people believe that university students should pay all the cost of studies because university education only benefit the students themselves not the society as a whole. To what extent do you agree or disagree?政府投资教育的好处1 教育可以帮助人们脱离贫穷(break the cycle of poverty),如果没有政府的自助,穷人的孩子一辈子都很难上得起大学,那么他们可能代代贫穷(remain poor throughout their lifespan and even across generations) 2 教育可以提高一个人的工作能力(improve productivity),从而提高一个国家的产出能力,对国家的繁荣()有着深远的影响(have far-reaching effects)个人投资教育的好处1 可以增强个人的学习动力(learning motivation),激发个人的潜能(fulfil ones potential)。让学生更加珍惜受教育的机会(cherish opportunities to education)因为大多数学生将受教育的机会视为理所当然。(We take it for granted that everyone should have the chance of being educated)2 减轻政府财政负担(in order to lessen the fiscal burden),使得政府有更多资金投资基本建设和医疗养老(release more funds for endowment insurance and medical treatment insurance.)2010.8月2010.08.05In many parts of the world children and teenagers are committing more crimes. Why is this case happening? How should children or teenagers be punished?青少年犯罪的原因:l 一些媒体暴力的影响(violent content of some TV shows and video games ),如电视、电影、游戏。l 家庭缺乏正确教育与引导(parental neglect)。l 不良同伴的压力(peer pressure)。惩罚措施:l 参加义务劳动,培训工作技能(working skills)。l 加强教育(continue education), 提高处理问题的能力(skills in coping with problems)。l 对于犯罪严重的予以严厉惩罚(severe punishment)。2010.8.14 Major cities in the world are growing fast, so as their problems. What are the problems that young people living in cities are facing with due to the continued growth of cities? What solutions do you have may solve the problems?城市发展产生的问题:l 人口增加导致基础设施的费用增加(increased infrastructure costs)。l 大量的流动人口也许会引发犯罪,导致社会不稳定(social unrest)。l 影响空气质量(impair air quality),导致污染,影响人们的身体健康。解决措施:l 发展基础设施的建设(upgrade infrastructures)l 使人们更具环保意识(make people environmentally conscious).l 制定优惠政策促进郊区发展(make preferential policies to boost rural development).2010.8.21Charities and organizations always give special names to particular days such as National Childrens Day and National Non-smoking Day.What are the causes of these particular days? How effective are they?制定特殊节日原因:l 人们不够重视(pay less attention to)这些问题。l 不能很好地解决问题(tackle the problems)。制定特殊节日效果:l 是一种主要的宣传形式(leading health campaign)。l 有助于扩大宣传规模(enlarge the campaign scale)。l 引起人们广泛注意(arouse peoples awareness),促进问题的解决。G类Students in school should learn practical skills such as car maintenance and managing a bank account, as well as the traditional academic subject. Do you agree or disagree?学习实践技能的好处:l 学生掌握必要的工作技能,有较强的动手能力。l 有助于提高社会技能(improve social skills),交流技巧(communication skills)。l 提高学生解决问题的能力,他们可以从各种各样的观点和经验中受益(benefit from a diversity of perspectives and experiences)。理论知识的重要性在于:l 为未来打好基础(lay a solid foundation), 有助于职业的发展(career development)l 有助于学习技能(acquire new skills),提高思考问题(critical thinking skills)、分析问题(analytical skills)、解决问题(problem-solving skills)的能力。2010.8.28City planners tend to put shops, homes, factories and offices in separate areas. Do you think advantages of this policy overweigh disadvantages to the city residents?商店、住房、工厂、办公室等分开的好处:l 城市规划者这样规划可以有利于营造区域氛围(unique atmosphere),井然有序(everything is in good order)。l 一类功能的建筑相对集中,更加方便(introduce convenience)商店、住房、工厂、办公室等分开的缺点:l 受教育、工作、消费这都是人们生活中必不可少的部分(necessary parts),如果把这些区域划开,人们就会浪费很多时间在通勤(commuting)上,效率不高,并且浪费资源(waste of energy)。 l 一个区域某种功能的缺失会带来很多社会问题(social problems)。比如,住宅区远离警局,犯罪率会比较高;比如,购物区离商业区和住宅区较远,人们购物不方便(inconvenience)。 l 这样的设计忽略了公民的需求(neglect the residents needs),忽略了人们并不是生活在单一文化中的,相反的是,人们生活的各个方面都需要得到保障(need to be guaranteed)。2010年9月2010.09.04 A 科技Mobile phones have made life easier: anyone can use a mobile phone to answer/make work calls or home calls at any place 7 days a week. Do you think this development has more positive effects or negative effects on the individual and society?手机使用带来的好处:1. 沟通方便。比如突发事件的时候(in the event of an emergency),可以通过手机信号来确定人的位置(locate trapped or injured people using the signals of their mobile phones)。2. 丰富人们的生活。发信息text message,语音留言make voice calls,浏览网页Internet browsing,听音乐music playback,管理个人信息personal organizers,收发邮件email,拍照built-in cameras,玩游戏。手机使用带来的坏处:1. 危害身体健康,有可能增加患癌症的几率(increase the risk of suffering cancers)。2. 工作和生活之间的差别越来越模糊(boundary between work and play is blurred.)下班之后还要接听工作的电话。3. 开车时打电话(talk on the phone while driving),导致交通事故的发生(correlation with road and traffic accidents)。4. 在公共场合讲话声音大(speak at an increased volume),影响别人。2010.09.11 A 环境类Some people think it is necessary to use animals for testing medicines intended for human use. Others, however, think it is cruel to do that. Discuss both of these views and give you own opinion.支持动物实验:1. 动物与人对外部的影响反应类似(respond similarly to external disturbances)最事宜做人类的替代品。而且,在人体上实验是不人道的(vivisection practiced on human beings is inhumane)。2. 动物实验对动物造成的痛苦已经最小化,且没有其他替代动物的试验品。反对动物实验:1. 动物的生存权(the right to live)需要保护。2. 许多时候动物实验是用作商业目的(industrial products)。3. 动物实验的结果具有误导性,不可靠(unreliable 案的misleading)。人和动物有很大的不同(many differences between humans and animals)。2010.09.11 G 教育类Schools should teach children good behavior and introduce ideas of right and wrong. It should not only be left to parents.To what extent do you agree or disagree?教师传授道德教育的重要性:1. 塑造学生的道德意识,有助于提高学生的道德素质,增强学生的责任感和义务感;增加学生对社会上有害事物的认识(be aware of social evils), 从而减少校园暴力( school violence),滥用药物(drug abuse),酗酒(alcoholism),破坏公物(sabotage)等反社会行为。2. 学生的大部分时间都是在学校度过,因此教师是最有机会能直接影响学生的人。而家长和社区一般不能够很有效的监督学生在校园的表现。道德教育未必需要老师传授的原因:学生可以通过父母教育或读书来提法哦道德准则的认知度(increase the awareness of moral standards)2010.09.16 A 社会类Society is based on rules and laws. It would not function if individuals are free to do whatever they want to. To what extent do you agree or disagree?社会建立在法律上的优点:1. 法律让公民有安全感Laws afford citizens a sense of safety.2. 法律对犯罪分子能够起到威慑作用Laws are effective ways to deter criminal acts3. 法律能规范社会竞争Laws and regulations are effective means to ensure fairness in corporate competitions (For example, the ongoing subprime mortgage crisis is due to the rampant violation of related loan rules.)4.法律能保证社会秩序与效率 Without laws and rules, society would be in chaos and our efficiency at work would decline substantially. 社会建立在法律上的缺点:1. 法律在一定程度上会限制人的自由It is true laws may restrict individuals freedom to some extent since essentially, laws set forth individuals obligations for society such as paying taxes and raising their offspring.2.法律在一些方面会限制人们的娱乐Some laws deprive individuals of their freedom to enjoy amusements that are considered offensive in specific societies. 2010.09.25 A 教育类A report indicated that many children between 7 to 11 spend too much time watching television and/or playing video games. How does the problem affect the children, their families and society? What measures can be taken to control it?儿童过多的看电视对儿童,家庭和社会的影响: 2. 看电视太多会影响儿童的视力(impair vision)导致儿童思维能力下降。3. 看电视太多不利于儿童与父母的交流(interaction),不利于亲子关系的培养。4. 许多电视节目含有暴力等内容,不适合儿童观看,会对其日后的行为产生不良影响。如何控制儿童看电视的时间:1. 培养儿童动手动脑的兴趣,转移儿童在电视上的兴趣。2. 父母多抽出一些时间陪伴孩子,比如一起做游戏,讲故事。3. 政府应该加强对电视节目内容的监督和管理。2010.09.25 G 社会类Modern lifestyles make many people hard to lead active and health lives. What are the factors contributing to that? How to suggest the governments and other large companies to help them do more exercise?现代人生活不健康的原因:1. 现代生活节奏(pace)加快,个人工作量大(excessive work),没有时间去运动。2. 现代社会很多工作时间不规律(irregular working schedule),打乱(disrupt)了人们就餐和休息时间。如何建议政府和大公司帮助人们生活的做更多的运动?1. 政府应该颁布法律限制企业职工工作时间。2. 企业应当在办公地配备一定数量的健身器材(facilities),并鼓励员工使用。2010年10月2010.10.09 A类 社会类Some countries have introduced a law to limit working hours for employees. How this law can be introduced? Do you think it is a positive or a negative development?解决办法:针对不同工作性质(job characteristics)、劳动强度(intensity of labor)规定(stipulate)恰当的工作时间。积极:1.对工作热情(commitment toward their work)的一种体现。2.提高收入(improve take-home pay)的一种途径。3.争取工作和晋升的机会(increase job security and promotion opportunities)。消极:1.容易产生压力和疲倦(easily induce fatigue and stress),对健康是一种威胁(a threat to health)。2.减少了休闲的时间(a drop in leisure time),导致工作和家庭之间的冲突(lead to work-family conflict)。3.长时间工作未必都有效率和效益(long hours are not necessarily productive hours),加班的收入(extra pay)不能不唱歌时间所产生的压力(high pay cannot compensate for unrelenting time pressure)。G类 社会类In many parts of the world, shopping is no longer just buying what you need. It has been transformed into a form of entertainment. Why does this happen? Is it a positive or negative development?购物成为娱乐的原因:1.高压力、快节奏生活方式(live a high-pressured, fast-paced lifestyle),休闲时间不够充足(inadequate leisure time)。2.丰富的商业化的大卖场(commercial shopping malls)不仅仅提供给人们生活必需品(provide people with necessities),而且包罗万象(overarching),极具吸引力。积极:1.促进消费量(consumption),有利于经济发展2. 在产品和服务中增加娱乐功能(increase entertainment function),将产品、服务与娱乐联为一体,不仅是一种体验和享受,更是今后谋求经济发展的一个方向和捷径(direction and shortcut)。消极:娱乐手段炒作(speculation),导致人们盲目购物(blind shopping)。2010.10.14 社会类In some countries, it is illegal for companies to reject job applicant for their age, is this a positive or negative development?积极:1.工作能力work ability 是申请工作的主要标准,而年龄不能作为拒绝工作申请的理由,以能力得到恰当工作有利于社会发展与进步。2. 使真正有能力的人不会因为年龄大而受限制,在某种程度上to some extent ,使人才的竞争更加公平,对于那些进步比较晚的人仍有成功的机会消极:不利于年轻人找工作,现在大学毕业生(university graduate)越来越多,他们需要很多的工作机会,但是如果有年龄大的,更有经验的人和他们一起竞争,他们找工作将更难2010.10.23 社会类Some people think pollution and damage of environment are resulted from a country developing and becoming richer, and this is hard to be avoided. To what extent do you agree or disagree?同意:在经济发展最初(In the economic development initially),因缺乏资金(the lack of funding available),很多地区或国家只能使用落后的机器和设备(backward/dated machines and equipments )进行工业生产,而资源的使用不当和无节制造成了水污染、过度砍伐森林deforestation和开垦土地cultivate the earth等问题。不同意:1.虽然在发展经济的过程中不可避免地要破坏环境,但可以降低破坏的程度2.国家可以预测潜在的破坏(the potential damage),及时解决环境问题。2010.10.30 A类 社会类Some people think that by paying taxes they have made enough contribution to their society, others think there are more responsibilities than paying taxes. Discuss both views and give your opinion.贡献社会,纳税足够:1. 随着文明程度的提高(As the civilization degree of improvement),市民会为自己身为“纳税人taxpayers”而自豪,而拥有更多的权利和自信2. 纳税是一种数字化(digital)反映每个人为城市做出的“贡献”。比起纳税,还有更多责任:1. 公共安全设施(the public facilities of safety)还要继续加强建设,包括人群密集地方(crowded areas)的监控设备(monitoring equipment ),出警人员的警械配备,特别是公共场所的应急系统!2.纳税是一种直接的社会贡献(direct contribution to the community),对于没有能力纳税的人来说,对社会的付出与劳动就是贡献。G类 教育类Some people believe that young people (children and teenagers) are better at learning a foreign language; others think that adults are more successful at this. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.孩子和青少年学外语更好:1. 孩子和青少年具有先天优势(has inherent advantages),对语言的好奇心(the curiosity of language)和良好的记忆力(good memory)有利于掌握丰富的词汇(master/build up a good/rich vocabulary)。5. 孩子们有充分的时间用于学习外语,可以全身心的投入学习(devote oneself to ones study)之中,没有成人必须面临的各种压力。6. 孩子处于习惯养成期(the habit of a lifetime),利于语言习惯的养成(forming language habits),这是成人没有的优势之一。成人更好:1. 成人拥有独立完整的思维方式(independent, complete way of thinking),可以用理解的方式学习外语语法知识。2. 成人清楚自身学习目的,全身心投入学习。3. 成人会为学习付出应有的努力,而孩子会因贪玩荒废时间(waste the time for the sake of fun)。2010年11月2010.11.4 教育类Some parents need to spend time on reading or telling stories to Children, while others think Children can read through a variety of sources, such as book, TV and internet by themselves.Discuss both views and give your own opinion.家长需要花时间给孩子讲故事的原因:1. 通过家长的陪伴,孩子感受到父母的爱,可以从最初培养起对阅读的兴趣(cultivate childrens interest);2. 家长读或讲故事,往往更加生动(more vivid),孩子更容易接受(easy to accept);3. 家长在讲故事过程中会加入一些自己的想法和经验的传输(instill their own ideas and experience),也是和孩子沟通的很好方式。孩子可以通过其他手段读书的理由:1. 自己从其他资源上获得信息可以培养孩子的独立性和思维能力(cultivate their independence and logical thinking ability);2. 网络电视等资源中包含的信息量更广更全(the information contained in those sources, such as internet and TV is wider and more comprehensive),可以有更多选择(more options);3. 让孩子自己挑选有利于孩子培养兴趣和个性(develop their interest and personality); 移民类 社会犯罪类 In some countries, young criminals were not put in prison, instead, they are required to do unpaid work in community. Do you think it has more advantages or disadvantages?罪犯不进监狱,改做义工的优点:1. 做义工可以提高日常问题的技巧(skills in coping with everyday problems),比如人和人之间的矛盾冲突(interpersonal conflicts),寂寞感(loneliness),和压抑感(depression);可以改变态度和思维方式(attitudes or ways of thinking),使他们更积极地面对人生,对生活重新充满希望。2. 做义工有助于提高他们的生活技能(enhance practical life skills),增加工作竞争力(assist them in finding jobs),减少对社会的负担,这对于其家人,社会和国家都时不无裨益的。罪犯不进监狱,该做义工的缺点:1. 将罪犯关进监狱对潜在罪犯有震慑作用(deterrent effect).是正义战胜罪恶的象征(a sign of the triumph of good over evil)2. 如果犯人在监狱行为受到监控(being closely monitored) 不会对外界造成伤害。2010. 11.6 教育类Everybody should stay in school until 18. To what extent do you agree or disagree?学生需要在学校待到18岁的好处:1. 通过学校的系统教育(systematic education),特别是所涉及科目较广,可以让学生掌握扎实和全面的知识(master solid and comprehensive knowledge),将来就业时更有竞争力(be more competent);2. 学校的教学方式可以培养孩子的逻辑思维能力和应对困难的能力(logical thinking ability and problem-solving skills),也可以让学生了解自己的兴趣和专长。3. 和同龄人的相处可以培养孩子的社交能力和竞争意识(interpersonal skills and competition awareness) ;4. 义务教育(compulsory education) 可以很大程度上提高国民素质( greatly enhance the quality of citizens);学生需要在学校待到18岁的缺点:1. 因不能充分接触社会,孩子可能会缺乏足够的交际能力和抗压能力(be lack of enough social skills and anti-pressure ability) ,毕业后可能会无法适应(cannot adjust to the modern world);2. 学校繁重的学业会让有些孩子缺乏创造力和自信心(lack creativity and confidence);3. 缺乏对外界的了解会让孩子在进入大学后选专业时迷茫并且犹豫不决(be hesitant in deciding their major);2010.11.20 科技类 Some people have benefited from modern communication technology, and some people havent benefited from it at all. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this point?现代通讯科技带来的优点:1. 人们联系更加方便(largely facilitate peoples communication),即使行动不方便的人也可以通过网络联系家人和扩大朋友圈。2. 人们获得信息的渠道增多(a variety of means to acquire information)(譬如说网络,手机,电子图书馆,电视),知识更加丰富。3. 工作效率提高(enhance work efficiency), 人们可以在短时间内完成更多工作,因为不需花时间在通勤上(commute).也可以缓解交通压力和污染(relieve traffic congestion and pollution)现代通讯科技带来的缺点:1. 因为通讯发达,人们在下班之后也被同事和上司联系,在家里查阅工作上的电子邮件,占用了更多私人时间;2. 人们过于关于虚拟空间的交流,比如电子邮件,聊天室等,而忽略了和家人的交流(ignore the communication with their friends),使人和人关系日益冷漠。,3. 人们喜欢上网,不愿出门,性格变得孤僻(become isolated),和外界的练习减少。2010.11.27 社会类In some countries, small town-centre shops are out of business because people are driving to large out-of-town stores. As a result, people without cars have limit access to shops, so more and more people buy cars. Do you think advantages of this development outweigh disadvantages?更多人买车的优点:1. 有利于城市中心以外的周边地区的发展(be beneficial to the development of the suburb)2. 使人们生活更加便利,出行时节省了等车的时间;3. 如果大型商场移出市中心,就可以腾出更多空间用于市民住宅区和政府公共设施建设(public facilities);更多人买车的缺点:1. 加剧了交通堵塞(traffic congestion).并且由于尾气(exhaust)排放量增多,导致城市污染(contamination);2. 对停车场所需求增加(increasing demand for the parking lot),导致停车困难和空间紧缺;3. 更多年轻人跟风买车, 匆忙上路,会导致交通事故率上升.2010年12月2010.12.04 教育类In the past, important knowledge about culture and history was stored in museums. Nowadays, information is freely available on the internet; therefore, there is no longer any need for museums. To what extent do you agree or disagree?互联网存储重要信息的好处:1. 存储量大(store large quantities of information),不占地方(occupy/take up much less space ),方便;2. 便于查找(have easier access to numerous information);3. 有利共享交流(be beneficial/advantageous to share and exchange information)。博物馆存储重要信息的好处:1. 可存储具有历史价值的文物(relics of historical an
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