动词用法：谓语动词：情态.doc

动词复习导图1.动词的分类实意动词： 及物动词 vt.不及物动词 vi.系动词-1.be(am, is, are, was, were)2.感观动词：see, hear, sound, smell, taste, touch, feel3.表象：look, seem4.变化: get, become, turn, fall, grow, run, go5.保持：stay, keep, remain6.“终止”prove, turn out to be非实意动词 情态动词: can could shall should will would may might 助动词: Be- am, is, are, was, were being been Do- does, did, doing, done Have- has, had ,had Will- would Shall- should2.动词的变形do, does, did, to do, doing, done 规则变化与不规则变化第三人称单数动词加ing过去式、过去分词规则变化与不规则变化3.动词在句中的用法 时态谓语 语态 情态 to do doing非谓语 done 4动词的命题方式5. 练习(二)动词的用法第一：谓语动词-时态-语态-情态一、时态 必背时态结构一般态do进行态be doing完成态have done过去时didwas/were doinghad done现在时do/doesam/is/are doinghave/has done将来时will dowill be doingwill have done二、语态 常见时态的被动语态结构1. 一般现在时： am/is /are done2. 一般过去时： was/were +done3. 一般将来时： will be done 4. 现在进行时： am/is/are being done5. 过去进行时： was/were being done6. 现在完成时： have/has been done7. 过去完成时： had been done三、情态 情态动词表示说话人的语气和情态。如需要、可能、愿意、怀疑等。情态动词有一定的词义，但不完整，必须和主要动词的原型一起构成谓语。常用的情态动词有：can, could, may, might, must, have to, ought to, need, dare, shall, will, should, would, be able to,及半情态动词be to do, had better等。1. 情态动词有一定的意义，只表示期待或估计某事的发生，不能表示正在发生或已经发生的事情。 2. 没有人称和数的变化，即情态动词第三人称单数不加-s。 3. 不能独立使用，它和后面的动词构成谓语。4. 情态动词除ought和have外，后面只能接动词原形5. 情态动词没有非谓语形式，即没有不定式，分词等形式。 只作情态动词的 can/could, may/might, ought to, must可情态可实义的 need, dare可情态可助动词的shall/should, will/would相当于情态动词的have to1. must & need & have to情态动词含义否定式注意点must表必要“必须”neednt不必区别have to 有时表“偏要”表推测“一定“cant“不可能“只能用于肯定句，不能用于否定、疑问句注意：1) must 表示推测时， 只能用于肯定句。must do 对一般时的肯定推测must be doing 对现在的动作进行肯定推测 must have done 对过去发生的事情作出的肯定判断e.g. 他们买了一辆新车。 他们一定很有钱他现在一定在看小说路是湿的。昨天晚上一定下雨了。2) need 1.作情态动词时,仅用于否定或疑问句,后接动词原形,表“需要”You neednt return the book now.- Need he start from the beginning? - Yes, he must. - No, he neednt/doesnt have to. 2.neednt have done 表示做了本不必要做的事情,意为“本不必要”Our color TV set is still good enough. You neednt have bought a new one.3.作实义动词时,表示“需要”，有人称、时态、和数的变化He needs to finish it this evening. The classroom needs cleaning.4 neednt 对其它情态动词的回答:-Shall I tell John about it?-No, you _.-No, you _. 注意对need问句的回答: -Need I finish the work today? -Yes, _. No, _. No, _.Must we do it now? -No, you _.-No, you _.2. can/could 情态动词含义否定式注意点can/could表“能力”能、会cant 不会，不能区别be able to 表许可 可以cant不可以，不许代替may表推测可能cant 不可能主要用于否定句、疑问句中1 ）表示某人通过努力克服困难做成某事,要用was / were able to.2） could, might, would 表委婉语气用于疑问句, 答语仍须用 can, may, will.3 ）can 用于肯定句中, 可表示”有时可能”4） can/could have done “本可以，本可能做某事” 用于肯定句中，表示对过去发生的事情做出的判断。 你本来可以考的更好。5）. can/could not have done 对过去发生行为进行推测:不可能做某事刚才我还看见他了， 所以他不可能出国的。 门是锁着的， 所以她不可能在家。3. may/might情态动词含义否定式注意点may/might表许可 可以mustnt 禁止口语中也可用cant表推测 可能cant 不可能主要用于肯定句，不能用在疑问句may not 可能不注意：might/may have done,表示对过去发生的动作进行可能性推测， 1）他可能去医务室了。2）他可能已经从报纸上知道这个消息了。4. will/would情态动词用法will表请求（第二人称）表意志，意愿表某种倾向或习惯would更客气的请求过去的意志（愿）过去的倾向或习惯5. shall ,should 和ought to情态动词用法shall征求对方意见（第一，三人称）表示命令，警告，威胁或允诺（第二，三人称）should/ought表示劝告、建议、命令或责任“应该，必须表示推测，“理应，估计，大概”should还可以表示竟然注意：1.在陈述句中,shall用于二、三人称表示允诺、警告、命令、决心等。You shall do as I say. (命令)Nothing shall stop me doing it. (决心) Tell him that he shall have the book tomorrow. (允诺)2.在疑问句中,用于一、三人称，用来表示请求或征求意见。Shall I open the window for you？（征求意见）Shall he fetch some water for you？（请求）3. should常表示劝告、建议、命令，与ought to意义相近，但ought to多表示责任、义务，语气强烈。Young people should learn how to use computers. Every citizen ought to obey law. You ought not to go.4.should/ought to have done表示责备或批评,意为“本应该但”,ought to的语气更强烈,用于否定则表示“本不该但”You should/ought to have told her the truth earlierShe shouldnt have left without saying a word.5.Should用于可能性推测时,表“应该，很可能”They left at 5:30. They should get there now.六.可兼做行为动词的情态动词：need 、 dare 1.作为情态动词用，常用在否定句和疑问句中。Dare (need) +S +VS + darent (neednt) +VI darent walk through the forest at night.Dare you walk through the forest at night?You neednt return the book now.Need he go yesterday?2.作实义动词用，常用在肯定句中, 有人称、时态、和数的变化He needs to go there himself.He has grown up,so we dont need to worry about him.3.Sth (sb) need( want, request)+ doing/ to be done The house needs cleaning/ to be cleaned The boy needs sending to the hospital at once.表示推测情态动词的重要用法情态动词对将来对现在对过去肯定的推测must+V.常见 must be+ V.+ be doing+have done可能的猜测may, might+ V.+ V.+ be doing可以用not表示“可能不”+have done否定的推测cant, couldnt+ V.+ V.+ be doing+have done疑问的猜测can, could+ V.+ V.+ be doing+have done “情态动词+have done”用法情态动词+have done用法例句must have done 表示主观上对过去已经发生的行为进行推测，意为“想必，准是，一定做了某事”1 She must have gone through a lot.2 He must have visited the White House during his stay in the United States.may/might have done表示对过去已发生行为的推测，意为“也许/或许已经（没有）“。一般用于肯定句或否定句中，不用于疑问句。用might则表示语气更加不肯定。1 You may have learnt the news.2 He may not have heard his name called.3 Sorry Im late. I might have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again.canhave donecannot have done表示对过去发生的行为的怀疑和不肯定，通常用在否定句和疑问句中。（can换成could时语气委婉）1 Where can she have gone?2 Could he have done such a foolish thing?3 The boy cant have finished reading the book so soon because it is difficult even to an adult.could have done可用于肯定句中，表示“可能已经”之意，此外，还可以表示过去能做而没做的事，有一种对过去为付诸实施的事情的惋惜。1 He could have killed himself driving at a dangerous speed.2 You could have been more considerate.3 You could have done better, but you were too careless.might have done表示“本来可能，但实际上没有发生的事情”。另外，还可以表示“本来应该或可以做某事”之意，含有轻微的责备语气。1 You should not swim in that sea. You might have been eaten by a shark.2 He might have given him more help, thought he was busy.should/ought to have done用于肯定句时，表示本该做某事，而实际上未做；用于否定句时，则表示不该做的事反而做了。1 He should have known that the police would never allow this sort of thing.2 You shouldnt have done it so carelessly.3 You ought to have returned the book earlier.4 You ought not to have refused his offer.neednt have done表示做了本来不必去做的事。注意：didnt need to do表示“没必要做而实际上也没有做某事”1 You neednt have watered the plants, for it is going to rain.2 I didnt need to buy the dictionary. I had a copy at home.had better have done用于事后的建议，含轻微责备的口吻，意为“当时最好做了某事”，其否定式had better not have done表示相反的含义。1 You had better have started earlier.2 You had better not have scolded her.would rather have done表示“当时宁愿做了某事”，其否定式would rather not have done表示相反的含义，两者都表示“后悔”之意。1I would rather have taken his advice.2I would rather not have told him the truth.练习：请填入正确的情态动词1.can; couldWhen I was young I _ climb any tree in the forest.Learning a language _ be a real challenge.2.may; mightI asked if I _ go home half an hour earlier today.There _ not be enough money to pay for the repairs.3.will; wouldWhen he got older, he _ never do his homework.Nancy _ keep talking unless you tell her to shut up.4.shall; shouldBy now, they _ already be in Dubai.I _ be replaced by someone from the New York office.5.must; cantYou _ have stayed up. You look so tired.You _ be 45! I thought you were about 25 years old.完成下列句子： 1. I dont know where she is, she _. (可能在武汉）(be)2. At this moment, our teacher _（想必在批改）our exam papers. ( mark / grade)3. The road is wet. It _(一定下雨了） last night. (rain) 4. Your mother _ （一定一直在找你）(look)5. Philip _ seriously in the car accident. (可能受了重伤). (hurt)6. -Linda has gone to work, but her bicycle is still here. -She _(可能走了)by bus.(go)7. Mike _(一定还没有找回)his car, for he came to work by bus this morning.综合练习：1.【2015北京】22.-Did you enjoy the party?-Yes,we_by our hosts.A.were treated B.would be treated. C.treated D.had treated2.【2015北京】26.in the last few years,China _ great achievements in environmental protection.A.has made B.had made C.was making D.is making3.【2015北京】27.Did you have difficulty finding Ann house?Not really.She_us clear directions and we were able to find it.easily?A.was to give B.had given C.was giving D.would give4.【2015北京】30. Dr. Jackson is not in his office at the moment.All right. I_ him later.A. will call B. have called C. call D will be calling5.【2015重庆】1. Is Peter coming?No, he_ his mind after a phone call at the last minute.A. changesB. changed C. was changing D. had changed6.【2015重庆】13. In my hometown, there is always a harvest supper for the farmers after all the wheat_ cut.A. will have been B. will be C. was D. has been7.【2015浙江】8. Albert Einstein was born in 1879. As a child, few people guessed that he a famous scientist whose theories would change the world.A. has been B. had been C. was going to be D. was8.【2015天津】9. Despite the previous rounds of talks, no agreement_ so far by the two sides.A. has been reached B. was reached C. will reach D. will have reached9.【2015天津】6. Jane cant attend the meeting at 3 oclock this afternoon because she _ a class at that time. A. will teachB. would teach C. has taught D. will be teaching10.【2015四川】4.More expressways in Sichuan soon to promote the local economy.A. are being built B. will be built C. have been built D. had been built11.【2015陕西】24. At college, Barack Obama didnt know that he the first black president of the United States of America.A. was to become B. becomes C. is to become D. became 12.【2015陕西】22. Mary really hard on his book and thinks hell have finished it by Friday.A. worked B. has been working C. had worked D. has worked13.【2015福建】30.Where is Peter? I cant find him anywhere.He went to the library after breakfast and his essay there ever since.A. wroteB. had writtenC. has been writing D. is writing14.【2015福建】26.To my delight, Ifrom hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony.A. was chosenB. was being chosen C. would choose D. had chosen15.【2015江苏】30.The real reason why prices _ , and still are, too high is complex, and no short discussion can satisfactorily explain this problem.A. were B. will be C. have been D. had been16.【2015安徽】29.It is reported that a space station _ on the moon in years to come.A. will be building B. will be built C. has been building D. has been built17.【2015安徽】24.Just as I got to the school gate, I realised I _ my bank in the cafe.A. have leftB. had leftC would leaveD. was leaving18.【2015湖南】28.He must have sensed that I _ him. He suddenly glanced at me and said quietly, Why are you staring at me like that?A. would look atB. looked atC. was looking atD. am looking at19.【2015湖南】25.I wasnt able to hide my eagerness when I _, What do you wish me to do now?A. askB. have asked C. am askingD. asked20.【2015湖南】22.As you go through this book, you _ that each of the millions of people who lived through World War II had a different experience.A. will findB. foundC. had foundD. have found1.【答案】A 【解析】试题分析：句意：你喜欢这个聚会吗？是的，我们的主人很好的招待了我们。根据上一句中的did可知用一般过去时；且we和treated是动宾关系，用被动语态。空中应用一般过去时的被动语态，故选A。 【考点定位】考查动词的时态及语态。 【名师点睛】本题考查时态和语态，本题需要先看句子中有没有明确的时间状语，然后再看有没有相关的词，比如隐藏的时间点，和一些动词的过去式。解答时态语态题时，学生需要注意结合上下文语境，找出相关提示词来判断时态；并且分析出主语和动词是主谓关系还是动宾关系。2.【答案】A【解析】试题分析：句意：在过去的这些年里，中国在环境保护中取得了很大的成就。由时间状语in the last few years可推知动作从过去一段时间持续到现在并对现在造成影响，用现在完成时。故选A。【考点定位】考查时态。【名师点睛】判断时态可以从时间状语入手，题干中的in the last few years为现在完成时的时间标志词。类似的还有over/ for/ during the last/ past years/months均为现在完成时的时间标志，所以做此类题时，需要先看句子中是否有明确的时间点，然后我再判断时态。3.【答案】B【考点定位】考查时态。【名师点睛】本题考查学生对时态的掌握情况，现在完成时和过去完成时都是考试中常出的考点。分析前后两句两个动作，判断出后者的动作发生在前者的动作之前，是过去的过去，用过去完成时。4.【答案】A【解析】试题分析：句意：Dr.Jackson现在不在办公室。好的，我待会再打给他。由later可知，表示的是将来要执行的动作，用一般将来时。故选A。【考点定位】考查时态。【名师点睛】本题根据对话形式进行时态考查，句中包含的时间状语是解答此题的突破点。所以要做好此类题，一定要注意题中有没有明确的时间点，或者其他可以代替时间点的词，所以根据时间状语可以看出正确答案。5.【答案】B 【解析】 试题分析：句意：彼得来了吗？没有，刚才接到一个电话后改变主意了。根据at the last minute在最后一秒可能发生在过去，故用一般过去时。 【考点定位】考查动词的时态。【名师点睛】动词的时态一直是热点，需要根据时间状语来进行确定，但本题要根据当时的语境来进行再次确认，才得到答案。首先看到第一句话Is Peter coming来了吗？可知彼得还没有来，而下句话at the last minute最后一刻，符合一般过去时的用法中的，第一条：一般过去时表示过去某个特定时间发生，并且一下子就完成了的动作（即：非持续性动作）。6.【答案】D 【解析】 【解析】试题分析：句意：爱因斯坦出生于1879年，小的时候很少人猜到他将会成为一个伟大的科学家，他的理论将会改变全世界。根据句意，应该是表达过去将来时，所以只有C选项符合。该选项是使用过去进行时表将来。A选项是现在完成时（用以表达过去的动作对现在的影响，往往有一些关键的词比如说since或者是for加一段时间），B选项是过去完成时(具备的条件是有两个动词，而且其中一个动作要在另一个动作之前发生，那么这个之前发生的动词就使用过去完成时)，C选项是过去进行时（过去进行时表示过去某一此刻正在进行的动作，另外动词going的进行时还可以表达将来），D选项是过去时（表达过去的动作）。结合以上的表述以及后句使用的情态动词would（will 的过去时，用于过去将来时），分析可知答案就是C。 7.【答案】C【考点定位】考查动词时态【名师点睛】分析4个选项可以知道，该题考查的其实是不同的时态。掌握英语的时态和语态，必须掌握好英语中的助动词(do, be, have)和时间状语这两个核心问题，如本题的1879, would change的提示。另外也要结合使用语境综合分析选项，最终得出答案。 8.【答案】A【解析】试题分析：句意：尽管之前多轮谈判，但到目前为止双方没有达成任何协议。根据句中的时间状语so far“到目前为止”可知用现在完成时。主语agreement与reach为被动关系，根据句意可知选A。【考点定位】考查时态。【名师点睛】本题考查时态。现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,也可表示过去已经开始,一直延续到现在的动作或状态。分析此题只需要牢牢抓住时间状语so far“到目前为止”，从而判定出所应当运用的时态。9. 【答案】D【解析】试题分析：句意：简不能参加今天下午3点钟的会议，因为她那个时候在一个班上课。根据句中的时间状语at that time，指代at 3 oclock this afternoon，表示在将来的某一时刻正在做某事，故用将来完成时。故选D。【考点定位】考查时态。【名师点睛】本题考查时态。将来进行时主要表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作，或表示要在将来某一时间开始，并继续下去的动作。分析此题需抓住时间状语，以及that time所代指的时间，再联系所学将来进行时所应用的范围及句意可以选择正确的答案。10. 【答案】B【解析】试题分析：考查时态。本句为时态题，根据时间状语soon可知，考查了将来时，故选择B。句意为：四川将建设更多的高速公路以促进当地的经济。【考点定位】考查时态【名师点睛】本题考查时态。英语中的时态是靠动词的变化来体现的，在具体做题时，需要关注的是时间状语。因此，考生在做本题时，需要先找出时间状语soon，然后才能准确判断时态是一般将来时。通过观察选项可知，选项A是现在进行时；选项B是一般将来时；选项C是现在完成时；选项D是过去完成时。故选择B。11. 【答案】A【解析】试题分析：句意：在大学的时候，奥巴马不知道他将成为美国第一个黑人总统。用过去将来时表示过去某个时间将要发生的事情，所以选A。【考点定位】考查过去将来时【名师点睛】英语中的时态主要由动词的形式决定，因此在学习英语时态时，要注意分析动词形式及具体语境，想象在那个特定的时间动作所发生的背景，这个动作是经常性动作、一般性动作、进行性动作、完成性动作还是将要发生的动作。这题的解题关键是didnt know。12.【答案】B【解析】试题分析：句意：Marty一直努力写书，我想他到周五为止将已经完成了。用现在完成进行时表示从过去到现在一直进行的动作。所以选B。【考点定位】考查现在完成进行时【名师点睛】英语中的时态主要由动词的形式决定，因此在学习英语时态时，要注意分析动词形式及具体语境，想象在那个特定的时间动作所发生的背景，这个动作是经常性动作、一般性动作、进行性动作、完成性动作还是将要发生的动作。现在完成进行时表示从过去到现在一直进行可能还要继续进行的动作。13. 【答案】C【考点定位】考查现在完成进行时【名师点睛】时态的考察在高考题的应用中也是无处不在的，时态本身的考察也是千变万化的，本题旨在考查学生对现在完成进行时的理解和用法的熟悉程度，要求结合语境进行分析，根据句子的意思可以判断出当前应该使用哪一种时态，本题中也有一定的暗示时态的标志ever since，从而可以判断出应该用现在完成进行时。14. 【答案】A【解析】试题分析：考查时态和语态。根据句意：让我高兴的是，我从成百上千的参加者中被选中参加开幕式。可以知道这里应该是被动语态，又因为被选中是过去发生的事情，这里只是对过去发生的事情的一般描述，故用一般过去式，故选A。【考点定位】考查时态和语态辨析。【名师点睛】本题旨在考查句子的时态和语态，要求学生明确地掌握各个时态的定义以及它们在时间上的划分段和用法，以及不同语态的用法。时态也是高考题的一个重点。辨明句子的时态，一是看句子中有没有明确表示时态的关键词，另一个方法就是结合句意判断动词的发生时间是在什么时候。15. 【答案】A【解析】试题分析：句意：过去和现在价格一直居高不下的真正原因很复杂，简短的讨论解释这一问题无法让人满意。根据题干中“and still are”的提示可知过去价格也居高不下，故用一般过去时，表示过去的状态。故选A项。【考点定位】考查动词时态【名师点睛】做时态题时，考生应抓住时态标志词，即题干中明显的时间状语或已有动词的时态，利用时态呼应的原则迅速锁定正确答案。本题中已有动词的时态为一般现在时，still暗示前面用一般过去时与此呼应。C项容易误选，这里现在完成时表示从过去到现在一直是这种状态，包括了现在，与后面的一般现在时有重复部分，故排除。16.【答案】B【解析】试题分析：句意：据报道，人们在接下来的几年里将在月球上建一个空间站。根据“in