吐血整理~~英语考试读说写翻译.doc

（按题型分类整理）一、 课文原文及翻译Unit 111、 Not all the neighborhoods are empty, nor is every workplace a friendly playground. Most of us have had mixed experiences in these environments. Yet as one woman told me recently, she knows more about the people she passes on the way to her desk than on her way around the block. Our new sense of community hasnt just moved from house to office building. The labels that we wear connect us with members from distant companies, cities, and states. We assume that we have something “in common” with other teachers, nurses, city planners.不是所有的住宅区都是空的，也不是所有的工作单位都是友好的。多数人在这些环境里都曾有过复杂的经历。然而，最近一位女性朋友告诉我她对工作单位里的人的了解程度要胜于对同一街区人的了解程度。我们不仅把社区的概念从住宅区搬进了办公楼，上班时身上所佩戴的标志也把我们和异国他乡的人们和公司员工联系在一起。我们假设自己和其他的教师、护士、城市规划者有着某些共同点。12、Its not unlike the experience of our immigrant grandparents. Many who came to this country still identified themselves as members of the Italian community, the Irish community, the Polish community. They sought out and assumed connections with people from the old country. Many of us have updated that experience. We have replaced ethnic identity with professional identity, the way we replaced neighborhood with the workplace. This whole realignment of community is surely most obvious among the mobile professions. People who move from city to city seem to put roots into their professions. In an age of specialists, they may have to search harder to find people who speak the same language.这有点像最初移民来到美国的我们的祖辈们的经历，许多人来到这里后把自己原来的国籍当成一个社区，所以有意大利人社区、爱尔兰人社区、波兰社区等。他们不断寻找并设想自己与来自同一个国家的人们有着亲密的联系。我们把这种体验提升了一步。像用工作单位取代居住地一样，我们用专业身份取代了种族身份。这种社区的完全重组在流动作业的行业中表现得最为明显，那些在不同城市变换工作的人似乎把自己的身份植根于他们的行业中。在这个充满专业人士的时代，他们不得不费尽周折去寻找有共同语言的人。13、I dont think that there is anything massively disruptive about this shifting sense of community. The continuing search for connection and shared enterprise is very human. But I do feel uncomfortable with our shifting identity. The balance has tipped, and we seem increasingly dependent on work for our sense of self.我并不认为这种社区概念的变迁会造成大面积的混乱，这种对联系和共同理想的不断追寻充满了人性。但我对我们不断变化的身份确实感到不安。身份意识的天平似乎已经日渐倾斜到工作决定身份这边。14、If our office are our new neighborhoods, if our professional titles are our new ethnic tags, then how do we separate ourselves from our jobs? Self worth isnt just something to measure in the marketplace. But in these new communities, it becomes harder to tell who we are without saying what we do.如果办公室真的彻底变成我们的社区，如果我们的所从事的行业真的彻底变成我们的种族印记，那我们怎样才能把自己和工作区分开来呢？自我价值并不是只有在市场环境中得到体现的。但是在这些新的社区中，如果不先说明我们是从事哪行哪业的，就越来越难以说清楚我们究竟是谁。Unit28、Life had been hard for my mother ever since her father died, leaving nothing but debts, The family house was lost, the children scattered. My mothers mother, fatally ill with tubercular infection, fell into a suicide depression and was institutionalized. My mother, who had just started college, had to quit and look for work.。自从外公死后母亲一直过着艰辛的生活，除了一大堆债务外公啥也没有留下。家里的房子成了别人的。孩子们四散各处。我那染上夺命结核病的外婆患了自杀抑郁症被送入医院。刚上大学的母亲不得不辍学去找工作。9、Then ,after five years of marriage and three babies, her husband died in 1930, leaving my mother so poor that she had to give up her baby Audrey for adoption. Maybe the bravest thing she did was to give up Audrey, only ten months old, to my Uncle Tom and Aunt Goldie. Uncle Tom, one of my fathers brothers, had a good job with the railroad and could give Audrey a comfortable life.后来母亲在结婚后5年内生下连我在内3个孩子。但是，1930年我爸爸离开了人世，母亲一贫如洗，不得不将最小的孩子奥德丽送给别人收养。也许母亲做过的最勇敢的事就是让我叔叔汤姆和婶婶葛黛收养了10个月大的奥德丽。叔叔汤姆是爸爸的亲兄弟，他在铁路上有一份好工作，能够给奥德丽舒适的生活。Unit 33、With no idea what to do next, I resolved literally to “sail off into the sunset,” following the coastline from Connecticut to Florida. But somewhere off New Jersey I turned due east, straight out to sea. Hours later, I climbed up on the stern rail and watched the dark Atlantic slip beneath the hull. How easy it would be to let the water take me, I thought.无所适从的我决心真正驾船“向夕阳行驶”，沿着海岸线从康涅狄格州驶向佛罗里达州。但是在离新泽西巷的地方，我转向正东方，直接驶往大海。几小时后，我爬上船尾的栏杆，注视着从船体下面滑过的黑沉沉的大西洋海水。我想让海水淹死是多么容易的一件事。6、Let Yourself Grieve. Counselors agree that a period of grieving is critical. “Theres no shame in this,” says Del Zoppo. “Tears arent a sign that youre simply feeling sorry for yourself but are expression of sadness or emotion that must find an outlet.”让自己悲痛。顾问们一致认为，一段时间的悲痛是至关重要的。“不必为此感到羞愧”，戴尔左珀说，“眼泪并不意味着你仅仅自我垂怜，而是表达必须发泄的忧伤或情感”12、Candace Brackens future seemed full of promise. The 25-year-old airline hemorrhaging uncontrollably. Acute leukemia was diagnosed, and Bracken was of myself, lived a straight and narrow life,” says Bracken was given two weeks to live. After the initial shock, she felt angry. “I had taken care of myself, lived a straight and narrow life,” says Bracken of Miami. “Things like this werent supposed to happen to people like me.”以前坎迪斯布赖青肯的未来似乎是一片光明。作为一名25岁的航班调度员，她刚生了一个宝宝，才换了份工作。然而有一天她开始不由自主地出血。诊断出是急性白血病，只有两个星期可活。震惊之余，她感到愤怒，我一直爱惜自己的身体，生活诚实，正派，迈阿密的布赖肯说“这种事情不应该发生在像我这样的人身上。14、Face the Challenge. Another obstacle on the road to health after a significant loss can be denial. Instead of facing what has happened to them, says Dr. Michael Aronoff, psychiatrist and a spokesperson for the American Psychiatirc Association, many people “try to fill up that empty feeling looking for an escape.” The man who rarely touched a drink will begin hitting the bottle. A woman who watched her weight will overeat. Others, like me , try literally to “rn away.”勇敢地面对挑战。在经历重大打击之后，拒绝知我同样也是健康之路的重大障碍。迈克尔阿若诺夫是个精神病医师，美国精神病协会的一名发言人。他说，很多人不是面对所发生的一切。而是“竭力填补空虚的感情假寻找一种解脱。”几乎滴酒不沾的男人会开始酗酒，担心肥胖的女性会吃得过多。其他一些人，像我一样，力图“一走子之”。Unit 414、Happiness is never more than partial. There are no pure states of mankind. Whatever else happiness may be, it is neither in having nor in being, but in becoming. What the Founding Fathers declared for us as inherent right, we should do well to remember, was not happiness but the pursuit of happiness market, is the cardinal fact that happiness is in the pursuit itself, in the meaningful pursuit of what is life-engaging and life-revealing, which is to say, in the idea of becoming. A nation is not measured by what it possesses or wants to possess, but by what it wants to become.从来就没有过完美的幸福。人类社会不存在尽善尽美。无论人们怎样界定何谓幸福，它既不在于拥有也不在于实现，而在于追求的过程。我们应该牢记：开国元勋们为我们所宣布的与生俱来的权利，不是享受幸福而是追求幸福。假如他们当初预见到现在出现的幸福市场，他们就会强调指出这样一个基本事实：幸福在于为之奋斗的过程，在于我们终生为之努力并从中获得启迪的事业，也就是说在于追求。对于一个民族的评价不是看它拥有什么或是幸福拥有什么，而是看它想要追求什么。15、By all means let the happiness-market sell us minor satisfactions and even minor follies so long as we keep them in scale and buy them out of spiritual change. I am no customer for either Puritanism or asceticism. But drop any real spiritual capital at those bazaars, and what you come to will be your own poorhouse.当然，只要我们掌握好一个度，或者只作为一种精神调节，不妨从幸福市场买点满足感甚至可以花钱买点愚蠢的东西。我既不信奉清教徒的生活准则也不赞面禁欲主义。但如果我们在这些市场上放弃任何真正意义上的精神财富，那么到头来我们只能是一无所有。Unit 63、To hold this opinion, however is little short of treason in America. A boy or girl who leaves college is branded a failure-and the right to fail is one of the few freedoms that this country does not grant its citizens. The American dream is a dream of “getting ahead,” painted in strokes of gold wherever we look. Our advertisements and TV commercials are a hymn to material success; our magazine articles a toast to people who made it to the top. Smoke the right cigarette or drive the right car-so the ads imply-and the girls will be swooning into your deodorized arms or caressing your expensive lapels Happiness goes to the man who has sweet smell of achievement. He is our national idol, and everybody else is our national fink.然而在美国，持有这种观点差不多就是背叛。中途退学的孩子们被指称为失败者失败的权利是美国政府没有赋予国民的少数几个自由之一。美国之梦是“成功”之梦，凡是我们放眼之处都是一片金光灿烂。宣传广告和电视广告歌颂物质方面的成功，杂志文章赞誉获得此类成功的人。广告暗示你：吸适合你身份的烟、开适合你身份的车，女孩们就会陶醉在你那没有异味的怀抱之中，抚摸你那昂贵的衣领。幸福只青睐那些散发出成功的甜蜜气味的人。他是全体国民的偶像，其他所有人则是国家的蛀虫。6、What they should say is “Dont be afraid to fail!” Failure isnt fatal. Countless people have had a bout with it and come out stronger as a result. Many have even come out famous. History is strewn with eminent dropouts, “loners” who followed their own trail, not worrying about its odd twists and turns because they had faith in their own sense of direction. To read their biographies is always exhilarating, not only because they beat the system, but because their system was better than the one that they beat.他们应该说不要害怕失败！失败并不致命。无数人曾失败过，也因此而变得更加强大。有些甚至成了名人。历史上充满了卓越的中途退出者以及沿着自己的道路前行的“孤独者”。他们不惧怕偶尔的波折，因为他们坚信自己的方向感。阅读他们的传记总是令人振奋，这不仅因为他们打破了旧体制，更因为他们创立的体制要优于他们打破的。14、who is to say, then, if there is any right path to the top, or even to say what the top consists of? Obviously the colleges dont have more than a partial answer-otherwise the young would not be so disaffected with an education that they consider vapid. Obviously business not have the answer- otherwise the young would not be so scornful of its call to be an organization man.那么，谁能说清是否有通向巅峰的正确道路，或者甚至能说巅峰到底包含了什么呢？很明显大学只能提供部分的答案要不然年青人也不会对教育不满，认为它如此枯燥乏味。很明显商业中也不曾有答案要不上青人也不会地应聘成为公司总裁一员如此不屑一顾。Unit 73、Fatherlessness is the most harmful demographic trend of this generation. It is the leading cause of the decline in the well-being of children. It is also the engine driving our most urgent social problems, from crime to adolescent pregnancy to domestic violence. Yet, despite its scale and social consequences, fatherlessness is frequently ignored or denied. Especially within our elite discourse, it remains a problem with no name.关于这一代人的人口统计显示出的倾向中，父爱缺失是最糟的一项。它是儿童生活幸福度下降的罪魁祸首，也是产生犯罪、青少年怀孕、家庭暴力等严重社会问题目的根源。然而尽管父爱缺失这一问题普遍存在且后果严重，却经常被忽略被否认。尤其是在我们的精英话语中，父爱缺失仍是一个未被清楚地认识到的问题。4、Surely a crisis of this scale merits a name and a response. At a minimum, it requires a serious debate. Why is fatherhood declining? What can be done about it? Can our society find ways to invigorate effective fatherhood as a norm of male behavior? Yet, to date, our public discussion has been remarkably weak and defeatist. There is a prevailing belief that not much can or even should be done to reverse the trend.对于如此规模的危机问题当然应该认识清楚并做出反应。至少要加以认真讨论：为什么为父之道会沦丧？针对这一问题有何对策？我们的社会能否找到办法，促使男性都能尽到为父之责？然而到目前为止，公众在这一问题上的声音还很微弱，没有成效。普遍的看法是我们无法甚至不应该去改变这一趋势。二、 课后短句翻译（中译英）Unit 12. His greatness lies in his outstanding ability to connect the qualities of a scientist with those of an industrialist.他的伟大在于他具有非凡的能力把科学家和实业家的品质结合起来了.6. The human being longs for a sense of being accomplished, of being able to do things, with his hand, with his mind and with his will.人们渴望一种成就感,渴望有能力凭自己的手、自己的脑、自己的意志办成事情.7. The government hopes that sale of a chunk of its assets will help make up for its loss.政府希望通过大量出售资产来弥补损失.8. In modern society, people are more likely to be identified by their professions, rather than by their communities.现代社会里人们的身份更多地由他们所从事的职业,而不是他们所生活的社区来界定.9. Careers jobs and work do much more than most of us realize to provide happiness and contentment.职业和工作在使人得到幸福与满足方面所起的作用比我们大多数人意识到的要多得多.10. We did have an investigation with regard to the issue, but we should not comment on it.我们的确对这个事件进行了调查,但不会对正在进行的调查作任何评论.Unit 21. 尽管已历经无数失败，凯瑟琳仍然相信她能把儿子培养成为世界冠军。Although she has gone through numerous failures, Katherine still believes that she could make a world champion of her son.4. 他不幸在一次意外的交通事故中丧生，留下尚未做完的实验。Unfortunately he died from a sudden traffic accident, leaving the experiment half-done.5. 那个街角的食品市场能改建成花园，岂不是更好吗？Wouldnt it be better if the food market on the street corner could be turned into a garden?6. 尽管我竭力想讨好每一个人，但说话却好像总是不合时宜。Much as I am eager to please everyone, I seem never be able to speak out the right thing at the right time.9. 汤姆审时度势，决定缩小企业规模，后来证明这是明智之举。Tom sized up the situation, and decided to downsize his business, which turned out to be a wise decision.10.我们学校仅仅维持现状是不够的，它应该加速发展，力争成为中国最好的大学之一。It is not enough for our university to resign itself to the status quo; it should speed up its development, and make itself one of the best universities in China.Unit 33.有人认为在人生的任何阶段开始一种新的生涯都为时不晚。Someone believes that it is never too late to embark on a new career in any period of life.4.在经历重大打击之后，明智的做法是勇敢面对挑战，而不是逃避。What makes sense is to face the challenge rather than run away from the troubles after suffering a significant loss.5.玛丽靠她在餐馆工作的微薄收入，几乎无法维持生活。With the small income from her restaurant job, Mary could barely make ends meet.6.人们逐渐明白了失败并不是可怕的东西，而是人生的宝贵经历。It dawns on people that failure is nothing to be afraid of. But it is a precious experience in life.7.在毕业典礼上，校长预祝同学们在事业上不断取得进步。The president wishes every student to forge ahead on the career ladder at the commencement ceremony.8.科学家们正在对吸烟者和抑郁者进行研究，试图解决这些复杂的生理和心理问题。Scientists are studying smokers and the people with depression in an attempt to sort out their complicated physical and psychological problems.9.大多数家长不是竭力防止失败就是竭力不让孩子们知道他们已经失败。Most parents work hard at either preventing failure or shielding their children from the knowledge that they have failed.10.每个人都不可能十全十美。 因此，对自己宽容些。No one can be perfect, so be easy on oneself.Unit 41. 在当今社会,广告几乎完全成为致力于描写快乐的现代表达方式。In modern society, advertising has become one modern form of expression almost completely dedicated to depicting happiness.2.讲座永远不会从大学的舞台上完全消失，因为它们来源于一个久远的传统，而大学这个环境为了其自身的利益又理所当然地尊重传统。Lectures will never entirely disappear from the university scene, because they spring from a long tradition in a setting that rightly values tradition for its own sake.4. 他把别人的成功看成是一种挑战、一种动力。他不断告诉自己他应该比别人做得更好。He takes others success as a kind of challenge and motivation. He keeps telling himself that he should do better than others.5.如果欢乐与愉快等于幸福，则痛苦就等于不幸福。但实际上能带来幸福的事往往与痛苦相联系。If fun and pleasure are equated with happiness, then pain must be equated with unhappiness. The truth is that things that lead to happiness involve some pain.8.如果我们真正得到了自己想要的，就会不停地想我们没有的于是我们就老是不满。If we do get what we want well keep thinking of all that we dont possessand we will remain dissatisfied9.唯一真正能平衡事业与家庭的方式是对你的生活价值观深思熟虑，并按此生活。The only way to truly balance your career with family life is to think long and hard about your life values and live by them.10.任何人想要生活既硕果累累又充满欢乐，他就应处理好工作和娱乐的关系Anyone who wants to have a both fruitful and cheerful life should deal well with the relationship between work and play.Unit 61. 这对双胞胎姐妹总是一起出场,用同样的声调讲话,所以我们都不能分出谁是谁.The twin sister always appeared together, speaking in the same tone, thus none of us could tell them from each other.2. 教授在推荐信中为他最喜欢的学生美言,尽管这位学生已经退学两年了.The professor put in word for his favorite student in the recommendation letter, although this student had quit college for two years.4. 因为作弊被大学开除后,他身处困境.After being expelled from university for cheating in the exam, he was up the creek now.5. 在学生家长的要求下,学校允许学生在家里上晚自习.At the request of the students parents, the school allowed the students to study at home in the evening.6. 他们不接受这份报告,因为报告完全违背了社会标准.They didnt accept the report, because it came out totally against the social standard.Unit 71.因为她在办公室里不停地来回穿梭，迈克发现自己再也坐不住了。 Mike found that he couldnt remain seated any more while she was striding to and fro across the office. 2.他的品格与其说是在学校学到的，不如说是在生活经历中形成的。 His character is shaped less by his education at school than by his life experience. 3.作为母亲，她总是为孩子们取得的成就感到自豪。 As a mother, she always shares the pride in what her children have accomplished. 4.现代社会的一个显著特征就是越来越多的妇女走出家庭追求自己的事业。 It is a defining feature of the modern society that more women are in the workforce. 5.人们普遍认为在研究生阶段，学生们能更好地管理自己，不再需要人指点。 It is generally assumed that at postgraduate level the students can take better care of themselves and dont need guidance anymore.7.孩子的健康成长很大程度上取决于父母双亲的关爱。The healthy development of a child hinges largely on the love and care from both parents.10. 通常中年人在父母身上花的钱比不上在孩子身上的花销多。Usually the middle-aged dont spend on their parents as much as they do on their children.三、 课后长文翻译（英译中）Unit 31. Defining who is great depends on how one measures success.对伟人的定义取决于人们如何衡量成功。2. “Theres a tendency to think that they are endowed with something super-normal” he explained. “But what comes out of the research is that there are great people who have no amazing intellectual processes.”“人们往往认为他们具备一些超常非凡的东西，”他解释道。“但研究表明，有的伟人并没有惊人的智力。”3. Greatness is built on tremendous amounts of study, practice and devotion.伟人的伟大建立在大量的学习、实践及其献身精神的基础之上。4. Thrust into office when his countrys morale was at the lowest, Churchill rose brilliantly to lead the British people.丘吉尔在全国上下士气最为低落的时候被推上台，并出色地领导了英国人民。5. In a speech following the Allied evacuation at Dunkirk in 1940, he inspired the nation when he said, “We shall not flag or fail. We shall go on to the end . We shall never surrender.”在1940 年盟军敦刻尔克大撤退之后的一次讲演中，他的话激励了全国人民，“我们一定不会衰退、失败。我们将坚持到底我们永远不会屈服。”Unit 41. Its easy to overlook the pleasure we get from loving and being loved, the company of friends, the freedom to live where we please, and even good health.