高中英语主动表被动结构素材.ppt

高中英语主动表被动结构 1 表示状态特征的系动词如smell taste feel sound look prove等用主动语态表示被动意义 e g Theice creamssmellsweet Suchkindofclothfeelssoft Thenewsprovedtobetrue 2 动词sell write read open lock shut wear wash keep cook cut burn run等与well smoothly easily slowly quickly perfectly badly等副词连用时 或与can t won t等连用 说明主语的固有属性或内在的 性能 特点 用主动代替被动 e g 1 Thiskindofbooksellswell 比较 Thiskindofbookhasbeensoldout 2 Hisshirtswasheasily 比较 Hisshirtarewashedbyhiswife Theclothwasheswell 这种布料好洗 Thebooksellsquickly 这书销售得快 Thischeesedoesn tcuteasily It stoosoft 这乳酪不容易切 太软了 Thisshirtwillwearverylong 这衬衫可以穿很久 Theseplaysactwonderfully 这些剧演得好 Kate sbookreadslikeaninterestingnovel 凯特的这本书读起来像本有趣的小说 Thedoorwon tshut 这门关不上 Thesupermarketdoorsshutautomatically 超级市场的门是自动关的 3 不及物动词及一些固定短语不能用被动语态 takeplace happen comeup runout 用完 giveout 耗尽 goout 熄灭 comeout 出版 cometolight belongto breakout loseheart dieout own have possess happen occur等 e g Theoilisrunningout Theaccidenthappendbychance 4 当want require need deserve beworth后接doing作宾语e g 花儿需要浇水了 Theflowerswantwatering Thebookisworthreading Theoldbuildingrequiresrepairing Theseyoungseedlingswillrequire needlookingafter needtobelookedafter carefully Yourhairwants needscutting needstobecut 5 不定式tolet 出租 toblame 该受责备 toseek表示被动意义 e g 这栋楼正待出租 Thebuildingistoletnow Heistoblamefortheaccident Thetruthisnotfartoseek 6 不定式修饰作表语和宾语补足语的形容词时 结构 主语 系动词 形容词 不定式 动词 宾语 形容词 不定式 如果形容词是表示难易 利弊等含义 如difficult easy comfortable convenient hard cheap expensive等 不定式用主动表被动 Thequestionisdifficulttoanswer Theworkiseasytodo Ifoundthecarcomfortabletoridein Thatmakespoetrydifficulttowrite 7 不定式作后置定语修饰前面的名词 且为动宾关系 用主动形式表被动含义 e g Ihaveameetingtoattend 恐怕我不能参加今晚的聚会了 因为我还有很多作业要做 I mafraidIcan ttakepartinthepartytonight asIstillhavelotsofhomeworktodo Ihavesomeletterstowrite 我有一些信要写 Iwantsomethingtodrink 我想喝点什么 Iwanttogetsomethingtoread 我想找点东西阅读 注 如果不定式的逻辑主语不是句子的主语 则应用被动式 比较 Ihavesomethingtotype 我有些东西要打 字 指自己打字 Ihavesomethingtobetyped 我有些东西要打 字 指请人打字 但有时含义有差别 不定式用主动式可视为其前省略了forsb 用被动式可视为其后省略了bysb Thereisnothingtodo 无事可做 含有无聊之意 Thereisnothingtobedone 不能做什么了 指没有办法了 Thereisnothingtosee 没什么可看的 即不值一看 Thereisnothingtobeseen 没看见什么 指没东西看 8 有些动词用于进行时主动表示被动Mybookismissing Somethingisburning Thepaperisprinting Myraincoatishangingonthewall TherearemanygoodfilmsplayedbyChengLongthatareworth A tobeseenB beingseenC seeingD tosee2 Thefood easilyandsells A cooks wellB iscooking goodC iscooked wellD cooked good3 Thewindowsofthebuildingcan t A beclosedB closeC beclosingD closed C A B 被动形式表主动含义 一 不及物动词的过去分词只表完成不表被动 因此在be p p 的句型中看似被动实际是主动 例如 begone beretired begraduatedfromThedaysaregonewhenChinawasbothpoorandbackward 二 过去分词变成了形容词 因此也是看似被动实际表状态 为系表结构 尤其是后边加介词更为多见 例如 beinterestedin besurprised beexcited bepleased besatisfied bedisappointed beshocked bemoved beamazed bedelighted beashamed等 三 某些特殊动词 beseated sitdown takeone sseat就座Pleasebeseated ladiesandgentlemen Thewomanseatedbythewindowishismother Thewomansittingbythewindowishismother 这样的动词本来就是及物动词 而且后面可跟反身代词做宾语 Sheseatedherselfonthesofa 2 beprepared for prepare for beready for 为 准备好Shewaspreparedforanythingtohappen Well preparedfortheexam allthestudentstookitconfidently 3 beworried about worry about 对 担心Shewasworriedabouthermissingson Sheworriedherselfabouthermissingson 4 bedressed in wear 穿着 Sheisdressedinredtoday Hurryupandgetdressed 5 beconcerned about with careabout berelevantto beabout 关心 与 有关联Weareallconcernedabouthishealth We reallconcernedforhersafety Thisbookisconcernedwiththeadolescentcrime 5 besupposed to should应该AmIsupposedtocleanalltheroomsorjustthisone ShouldIcleanalltheroomsorjustthisone 6 bedevotedto belovingorloyal热爱的 忠实的Sheisdevotedtoherchildren 她深爱她的孩子 Herlifewasdevotedtocaringforthesickandneedy 她一生都致力于关心照顾贫病交迫的人 7 beaddicted to bestronglyinterested in 对 上瘾Hewasaddictedtosmoking 8 beused to 习惯于 Afterthreeweeksshehadgotusedtotheextremeheat 9 beaccustomed to beused to 习惯 于 Isoongotaccustomedtohisstrangeways 1 dress inwhite helookslikeadoctor 2 After stay herefor1year he accustom tothehotweather 3 You suppose toarriveherebefore8o clock 4 Youcanpasstheexamaslongasyou prepare well forit 5 Afterallthepeople seat thechairmanannouncedthestartofthemeeting Dressed staying isaccustomed aresupposed arewell prepared wereseated Readthesentencesandanswerthequestions 1 Ittellsuswhodidtheaction Parisisvisitedbymorethaneightmilliontouristseveryyear TheSagradaFamiliawasdesignedbyanarchitectcalledAntonioGaudi Florence smostbeautifulpaintingsandsculptureswereproducedbygreatartistssuchasLeonardodaVinci 1 1 Whatdoestheword by inthefirstthreesentencestellyou Whatarethedifferencesbetweenthetwosentences MorethaneightmilliontouristsvisitPariseveryyears Parisisvisitedbymorethaneightmilliontouristseveryyears 2 Thefocusisdifferent InthefirstsentencesitisPariswhichismoreimportant Inthesecondsentencewearemoreinterestednthetourists 3 Insentenced becauseweunderstandthatitmeans isknownbyeveryone andtheinclusionoftheagentwouldbesuperfluous Insentenceebecausewearen tinterestedinwhobuiltit althoughitwouldbeperfectlyalrighttoadd byIktinoandKallikrates here d Athensisknownasthebirthplaceofwesterncivilisation e TheParthenonwasbuiltduringthisperiod Whyistheword by notinthesentencesdande Florenceisvisitedbyaboutamilliontouristseachyear Londonwasvisitedbytenmillionpeoplelastyear TheMonaLisawaspaintedbyLeonadodaVinci TheMonaLisawasn tpaintedbyPicasso ThegreatWallofChinawasbuiltbythousandsofworkers Checkyouranswers 2 No itisn t It slocatedinParis No itisn t ItissituatedontheRiverSeine No itisn t It svisitedbyonemilliontouristseveryyear No itisn t Athensisknownasthebirthplaceofwesterncivilization No itisn t TheParthenonwasbuilt2 400yearsago Checkyouranswers 3 am is are was were shall will be should would be am is are being was were being has have been hadbeen shall will havebeen should would havebeen done 课后练习 将下面主动语态的句子转化为被动语态 每空一词 1 Allthepeoplemadefunofhim He byallthepeople 2 Thewholecountryuseselectricitywidely Electricity inthewholecountry wasmadefunof iswidelyused 3 Peoplesaythathousepricewillcontinuetogoupinthenextfewyears thathousepricewillcontinuetogoupinthenextfewyears 4 Weexpectallthestudentstocomeearlytoschool Allthestudents tocomeearlytoschool Itissaid areexpected 5 Wefoundhimworkinginthefieldswhenwearrived He inthefieldswhenwearrived 6 Thefathermadetheboyworkonthefarmduringsummerholidays Theboy onthefarmduringsummerholidays wasfoundworking wasmadetowork 7 Thenurseistakingcareofthesickman Thesickman bythenurse 8 PeopleallovertheworldknowPicasso Picasso peopleallovertheworld isbeingtakencareof isknownby 9 Thecoupleprovidemoneyfortheirsontostudyabroad Thecouple sson moneytostudyabroad 10 Elevenplayersmakeupasoccerteam Asoccerteam elevenplayers wasprovidedwith ismadeupof 被动态用于以下各种情况 A动作的施动者很明显 没有必要提到时 Therubbishhasn tbeencollected 垃圾没有清走 Thestreetsareswepteveryday 马路每天都清扫 YourhandwillbeX rayed 你的手要照X片 B不知道 不确切知道或忘记了谁是施动者时 Theministerwasmurdered 部长被谋杀了 Mycarhasbeenmoved 我的汽车被挪动过了 You llbemetatthestation 有人会到车站去接你 I vebeentoldthat 有人告诉我说 C主动动词的主语是人们时 Heissuspectedofreceivingstolengoods 他被怀疑接受了赃物 人们怀疑他 TheyaresupposedtobelivinginNewYork 据猜测他们现在住在纽约 人们猜测他们住在 关于不定式结构与被动动词 参见第245节与第306节 D 对所做的事比对做事的人更感兴趣时