国际音标单元音和双元音.doc

6卓群教育个性化教案上课时间： 第 1 次课 学员姓名：学校：授课人：赵传奇老师性别：年级：小六科目：英语课题： 冠词知识回顾教学方法： 讲解法，提问法，跟进法教学掌握冠词a/an和定冠词the的用法目标重点难点重点：冠词a/an和定冠词the的用法难点：冠词a/an和定冠词the的用法作业课前检测作业完成情况：优 良 中 差 建议_知识点：冠词a/an定冠词the的用法课本重点句型练习家庭作业Unit1单词部分检查_小小冠词a,an,the以及零冠词，确是小考和中考的必考点，由于对概念和用法的不熟悉导致了许多学生对冠词的恐惧心理。冠词：一、冠词的基本概念冠词，是用来表示名词特性的一种词，它表示名词可数不可数、单数复数、任何一个还是特定的一个等。也就是说，冠词与名词是紧密连在一起的。如果用了a /an /the，不管后面是什么词，都变成了名词。所以，冠词就是放在名词前面的一种词。使用冠词有三种基本情况：1、用a / ana / an 用在单数可数名词前面，表示这个人或事物是泛指的不确定的一个，相当于中文的“一个”。注意：可数的单数名词前，必须要用a / an 或the. 我们不能说 boy, desk, dog，而必须说 a boy / the boy.a 用在读音为辅音开头的名词之前, 而 an 用在读音为元音开头的名词之前。注意：这里指的是“读音”，而不仅仅指字母。例如：_ university 一所大学 (虽然u 是元音字母，但不读元音。)_ hour 一个小时 (虽然h 不是元音，但单词读音是元音开头)另外，a / an 也可用在不可数名词前面，这时，这个不可数名词就变成了可数的单数名词，意义上也有变化。例如：glass 玻璃, a glass 一只玻璃杯 / wood 木头, a wood 一片树林power威力, a power大国 / beauty 美丽, a beauty美人, 美的事物2、用thethe 相当于this/that 或these / those，总的用法是表示特定的人或事物。the 的用法最广，不管是可数还是不可数，不管是单数还是复数，都可以用the. 具体用法见下面的讲解。3、不用冠词有的时候，名词前面不用任何冠词，没有a / an / the. 有的书上称为零冠词。不可数名词前可以不用冠词，可数的复数名词也可以不用，还有一些习惯用法上不需要用。下面，详细讲一个冠词的用法。不定冠词的用法:1、表示某一类人或某事物中的任何一个, 通常在第一次提到某人或某物时用a / an，以表示与其他事物的区别。I gave him a book yesterday. 我昨天给了他一本书。I am reading an interesting story. 我在读一本有趣的故事书。I have got a ticket. 我有一张票。There is _ tree in front of my house. 我的屋前有一棵树。2、用其中的任何一个，代表他们所属种类的特性。_ horse is useful to mankind. 马对人类有用。A bird can fly. 鸟会飞。A steel worker makes steel. 炼钢工人炼钢。3、用在事物的度量单位前, 如时间、 速度、 价格等, 表示 每一个。We often go to school two times a day. 我们常常一天两次去学校。I went to the library once _ week at least. 我一星期至少去一次图书馆。The potato is sold at about 30 fen a jin. 土豆卖三毛钱一斤。4、用来泛指某人、某物或地方。A boy came to see you a moment ago. 刚才有一个小孩来找你。I got this tool in a shop. 我在商店买的这件工具。We need a car now. 我们现在需要一辆车。She is ill,she has to see _ doctor. 她病了，她得去看病。5、用于某些特定的词组。例如：a few 几个， a little 有点，等等。She has a few friends in this city. 她在这个城市中有几个朋友。There is a little milk in the bottle. 瓶子里有点牛奶。Only a few students are in the classroom. 只有几个学生在教室里。定冠词的用法1、定冠词特指某(些)人或某(些)事物。_ bag in the desk is mine. 桌子里的书包是我的。Is this the book you are looking for? 这是你要找的书吗?Do you know the man in back? 你知道穿黑色衣服的人是谁吗？It is not the car we are looking for. 这不是我们要找的车。The man has found his child. 那个人找到了他的孩子。2、如果第一次提到某人或事物的时候，用a / an，那么以后再提到的话，就变成特指的人或事物了。I bought a book from Xinhua book-shop. The book costs 15 yuan. 我从新华书店买了一本书. 这本书值十五元。I saw a film yesterday. The film was ended at eight oclock. 我昨天看了一场电影。电影八点钟结束的。Lucy bought a radio yesterday,but she found something was wrong with _ radio.露西昨天买了一台收音机，但是她发现收音机有问题。3、定冠词用于表示世界上独一无二的事物或用于自然界现象或方位名词之前。这些事物当然是特指的事物，不可能有两个以上。the sunthe moonthe earththe skythe worldthe winter nightThe sun is bigger than the moon. 太阳比月亮大。I can see a bird in the sky. 我能看到天空中有一只小鸟。I like to have a walk with the bright moon light in the evening. 我愿晚上在明亮的月光下散步。4、定冠词与单数名词连用, 也可以表示这一类人或事物。The dog is not too danger. 狗不太危险。The cat is an animal. 猫是一种动物。The umbrella in the shop is very cheap in this season. 这个季节商店里的雨伞很便宜。5、定冠词与形容词连用, 可表示某一类人或事物。这可看作是省略了名词的用法。The wounded were brought to the hospital. 受伤者被送到了医院。He always helps the poor. 他经常帮助穷人。The deaf can go to this special school. 耳聋者可以进这所特殊学校上学。注意：the 用在姓名复数之前, 表示一家人。 The Greens is very kind to us. 格林一家人待我们很好。The Whites like the classic music. 怀特一家喜欢古典音乐。巩固练习在空白处填入a / an或the。1. This morning I bought _ newspaper and _ magazine. _ newspaper is in my bag but I dont know where I put _ magazine.2. I saw _ accident this morning. _ car crashed into _ tree. _ driver of _ car wasnt hurt but _ car was badly damaged.3. There are two cars parked outside: _ blue one and _ grey one. _ blue one is my neighbours; I dont know who _ owner of _ grey one is.4. My friends live in _ old house in _ small village. There is _ beautiful garden behind _ house. I would like to have _ garden like that.趣味阅读：农夫和苹果树A poor farmer had a friend who was famous for the wonderful apple he grew.One day, his friend gave the farmer a young apple tree and told him to take it home and plant it.The farmer was pleased with the gift, but when he got home he did not know where to plant it.He was afraid that if he planted the tree near the road, strangers would steal the fruit. If he planted the tree in one of his field, his neighbors would come at night and steal some of the apples. If he planted the tree near his house, his children would take the fruit. Finally he planted the tree in his wood where no one could see it. But without sunlight and good soil, the tree soon died. Later the friend asked the farmer why he had planted the tree in such a poor place.Whats the difference? the farmer said angrily. If I had planted the tree near the road, strangers would have stolen the fruit. If I had planted the tree in one of my field, my neighbors would have come at night and stolen some of the apples. If I had planted it near my house, my own children would have taken the fruit.Yes, said the friend, but at least someone could have enjoyed the fruit. Now you not only have robbed everyone of the fruit, but also you have destroyed a good apple tree!Homework1. 记忆Unit2单词二、 选择填空： A. / B. a C. an D. the1.They are living _happy life now.2._bag on _desk is mine.3.There is _empty box on the table.4.Do you like _music of the film Titanic?5.On _Saturday, I stay in _bed till 12:00.6._Browns have been to C