SAT写作启德教育满分讲义.doc

杭州启德教育SAT写作学生满分讲义 Unit 1 SAT写作开头段一、 本节知识要点 开头段基本结构 引入话题方式 开头段观点句 引入例子方式 开头段避免犯的错误 前车之鉴 开头段范文欣赏二、开头段基本结构开头段包括的内容：1.2.3.开头段长度：Example1:Assignment: Do memories hinder or help people in their effort to learn from the past and succeed in the present?Memories act as both a help and a hindrance to the success of someone. Many people advise you to learn from the past and apply those memories so that you can effectively succeed by avoiding repeating your past mistakes. On the other hand, people who get too caught up with the past are unable to move on to the future. Example2:Assignment: What is your view of the idea that every obstacle can be turned into an opportunity? Every obstacle can be turned into an opportunity, if one has the right attitude or perspective. People with this attitude are buoyant, not easily discouraged, and welcome challenges and adversity. One personal example took place in sixth grade, when I broke my hand by falling off my bicycle. The doctor had to put it into a cast. 开头段结构1：开门见山中话题解释句一般来自_Example 3:Assignment: Is conscience a more powerful motivator than money, fame, or power?As society toils onward into its dreams of the future, the progress that accompanies this movement may be tainted by individual motives of avarice. However, as seen in various fields such as art, history, and science, the human conscience will limit the motivation of greed and inspire good works for the sake of morality. Example 4:Assignment: Is deception ever justified? In a world where horrific and negative incidents often occur the general public is often deceived. Some believe the shielding or twisting of certain information may be beneficial. However, as shown through major historical events, deception is never justifiable. An intentionally fabricated lie will not only hurt the victims of the lie but also hurt oneself when the truth ultimately emerges. Yellow journalism and the censorship of facts proves just this. Example 5:Assignment: Is it necessary for people to combine their efforts with those of others in order to be most effective? Many people like to work independently. However, it is necessary for people to combine their efforts with those of others. The Apollo Project provides a compelling example to support this. Many people like to work independently. However, it is necessary for people to combine their efforts with those of others when the task to be accomplished is beyond an individuals capacity. The Apollo Project provides a compelling example to support this. _不是一个完美的开头！开头段结构2：解释句一般来自_三、开头段引出话题方式1.2.3.4.Examples:1. Provide relevant background information Assignment: Is deception ever justified In a world where horrific and negative incidents often occur the general public is often deceived. Some believe the shielding or twisting of certain information may be beneficial. However, as shown through major historical events, deception is never justifiable. An intentionally fabricated lie will not only hurt the victims of the lie but also hurt oneself when the truth ultimately emerges. Yellow journalism and the censorship of facts proves just this. 2. Use an appropriate quotation Assignment: Is deception ever justified? “Honesty is always the best policy” may be a trite saying, but it holds an enormous amount of truth. Though deception often allows one to escape immediate repercussions, the truth will always emerge. In most situations, one will find that deception does not offer the same long-term benefits as honesty does. Assignment: Does the truth change depending on how people look at things? There is an old saying: A person with one watch knows what time it is; a person with two watches isnt so sure. In other words, a person who looks at an object or event from two different angles sees something different from each position. Moreover, two or more people looking at the same thing may each perceive something different. In other words, truth, like beauty, may lie in the eye of the beholder. Assignment: Do we always learn from mistakes?It is a commonly cited and often clichd adage that people learn from their mistakes. Supposedly, if one strays from the path of success or righteousness once, he or she will be sufficiently enlightened in how to avoid the error and will not fall victim to it again; however, this is rarely the case 3. Begin with a question/questions Assignment: Should books portray the world as it is or as it should be?There are books that try to show the world as it is and books that try to show the world as it should or could be. Which sort of books should we be offering children and reading ourselves? One answer is the argument for the value of truth, for “telling it like it is.” Writers could promote certain positive ideals by being less realistic, but all of us-especially children-have a right to be told the truth. Assignment: Is it absolutely necessary for people to study the creative arts? Why do we not value the creative arts more than we do? Why are subjects like music, drama, photography, and creative writing always the first to be cut from school budgets during hard times? Many would answer that, unlike math, science, history, and other subjects taught in school, the arts are unnecessary. But this is so untrue. The arts are as necessary as these other subject areas-possibly even more necessary. 4. Begin with narration Assignment: Are there some heroes who will be remembered forever? Or are all heroes doomed to be forgotten one day? One of the memorable images from Eisensteins classic silent film on the Russian Revolution is the toppling of a statue. The destruction of the statue symbolizes the throwing out of the old order along with its heroes and replacing it with a new. Considering this human tendency to ring out the old and ring in the new it is surprising that any heroic figures from the past survive in the history books, but they do. There are some heroes who do not get erased from the pages. Assignment: Do you think that people are capable of finding happiness or are they always searching for something beyond what they have?When I look at Jared, my adopted brother, I remember the first time I met him. I think about the beginning of our relationship, which was pretty bad, and how it led to the great relationship we have today. The development of the love between Jared and me is a great example of an unpromising beginning that led to powerful positive results. 四、开头段观点句 观点都要包括_ 理由/解释来自_Example 1:Assignment: Is using humor the best way to approach difficult situations and problems? (2009.10)People nowadays usually have to face various kinds of problems in finance, career and health. Although laughter cannot always change the impasse into promise, it does help people release themselves from high pressure, and thus helps people gain a more positive attitude towards their lives. The examples of Ronard Reagon and Albert Einstein clearly demonstrate such effects of humor. Ronard Reagon, a renowned president in the history of the United States, had great sense of humor and used it to cope with deaklocks in his political life. In 1889, when Reagon campaigned for the position of senator, he forgot the details of a significant history event-the first Industrial Revolution. Asked how the event happened, Reagon could not remember the scientist who invented the steam-power machine. Instead of being ashamed, he answered,it had to be the man who resided near the river. His remark aroused laughter in the crowd and people forgave him for his lack of history knowledge. Making the most of humor, Reagon managed to avoid undesirable embarrassment.Another example to illustrate the magic power of humor is Albert Einstein who is not only a prominent scientist but also a humorous man. When Einstein was a clerk in the Patron Bureau, a friend laughed at him that his attire was neither clean nor elegant. Einstein replied, No one here knows me, so I have nothing to worry about. Even after he had become famous, Einstein did not change his determination in the scientific study and had no time choosing proper clothes. When he was mocked by the same friend for his clothes, he answered, Everybody here knows me now, so I have nothing to worry about. In a brilliant way, Einstein, with the help of his sense of humor, provided his friend with perfect explanations and turned potential embarrassment into something funny. In conclusion, humor is a great way to deal with the problems in our lives and we should make use of it. 练习1：Rewrite the first paragraph.Example 2:Assignment: Should we pay more attention to people who are older and more experienced than we are? (2009.5)We may encounter various problems in our daily life, some of which may go beyond our solving ability thus necessitating external suggestions. Although people at our age tend to understand us better and sometimes think in a more creative way, it is always meaningful for us to learn from those who are older or more skilled in order to improve our personalities and correct our mistakes. Take the experience of Rockefeller, a successful entrepreneur who once owned the largest property in the world, as an example. Never graduated from college, Rockefelelr set a ambitious goal in his career- to become the richest man in the United States. With much self-confidence and passion, Rockefeller believed he could build a large company, and his peer friends all supported his plan. Thus, he visited a renowned banker, G.R. Morgen, asking for a large amount of money as the initial assets of his company. Noticing that Rockefeler was too young and inexperienced to start a serious business, Morgen refused his request and suggested him start with something simpler and then enlarge his enterprise step by step. Taking the advice from Morgen, Rockefeller began repairing the tires and finally became the number one businessman in the world. If Rockefeller had not listened to Morgen who is much older and more experienced in the field of business, he would not have achieved such success. My personal experience serves as another example to support the value of the admonitions of the older. I was addicted to swimming and often swam with my classmates in the Rocken river near my town. My grandfather used to worry about my safety. Under his warning, I went to swimming pool instead of playing in the deep river. A few days later, a friend of mine lost his life when he felt exhausted and sank in the Rocken. If I had not taken my grandpas advice, I would place myself in a dangerous circumstance. In short, we should consult with our parents or those who are older and more experienced and take their advices seriously in case that we deviate in our path from happiness and success. 练习2: Improve the first paragraphExample 3：Assignment：Can any obstacle or disadvantage be turned into something good? (2006.1)Disadvantage can be definitely changed into superiority with ones persistent endeavor and prudent analyses. As a proverb says “When the Lord closes one door, somewhere else he opens a window”, which means even though one failed once, he will receive another opportunity that can finally lead to success. The two examples to illustrate this are Thomas Edison and Ludwig van Beethoven. Failures help one to learn from mistakes. It must be impossible for most of us to survive thousands of times from defeat but Thomas Edison challenged it. We can see through his endeavor in testing out the most qualified and durable filament substance for his greatest inventionelectric light bulb, in which he tried almost everything he could think of, for instance, iron, copper, silver, hair and even his colleagues brown beard. It is beyond our imagines that during the 13 months of day-night work, he tested more than 6,000 kinds of different martial and survived from 7,000 times of failures. Finally, in 1879, he found out that the carbonized bamboo is the perfect substance for filament because it can last over 1,200 hours. Therefore, like he said “We will make electricity so cheep that only the rich will burn candles”, Edison succeeded in inventing electric light bulb and brought electricity to every family. Had it not been for the thousands of failures, Thomas Edition would not have invente