怎样获得英语专业四级考试写作高分.doc

怎样获得英语专业四级考试写作高分 作者: 张鑫友 2005-5-8 11:58:36 (一)写作题的性质 写作是人们表达思想的一种重要手段，我们称之为comprehensive test的综合测试，体现的是学生综合运用语言的能力。因为它不仅考核考生对词汇的掌握、对语法的应用 ，同时也考查了学生的表达能力、思维的逻辑性和条理性。我们知道，学习英语需掌握四种技能：听、说、读、写。听和读是语言的input(输入)过程，因而对于听力和阅读的测试是考查学习者的被动英文技能；说和写是语言的output(输出)过程，对于口语和写作的测试则是考查学习者的主动英文技能。学习者的被动英文水平往往高于主动英文水平，因此听力理解材料的难度往往大于口语的内容，阅读理解材料的难度往往要大于写作。由此可见，在经过两年基础专业课的学习后，学习者应该将重点放在把被动英文水平转化成主动英文水平上 。一旦我们的大脑有了大量的语言输出之后，就能达到出口成章、下笔有神的境界。(二)英语专业四级写作要求 (1)能根据各种不同的话题复述内容、写摘要、写提纲和记笔记。 (2)能根据题目列出写作提纲，在一小时内写出200250词的短文。 以上均要求做到内容完整、条理清楚，语法基本正确，语言通顺恰当。 (3)能写一般的书信、通知、便条、请帖，填写简单的表格，格式正确，语言得体。 写作课培养学生初步写作能力，包括提纲、文章摘要、短文以及最简单的常用应用文。 (三)考试大纲对英语专业写作的要求和规定 (1)测试目的：按照英语专业基础阶段英语教学大纲的要求，检查学生在基础阶段末期的英语写作能力。 (2)题型：主观试题，分为Section A和Section B两个部分。 Section A: Composition写作文 Section B: Note-writing写便条 (3)测试要求： a)作文。要求根据所给的题目和列出的写作提纲或图表、数字统计表等(也附有写作提纲) 写一篇150词的短文，能做到内容切题、完整，条理清楚，文章结构严谨，语法正确，语言通顺恰当。作文的类别有说明文、议论文或记叙文。考试时间为35分钟。 b)便条。要求根据提示写大约5060词的便条、通知、请帖等。要求做到格式正确，语言得体。考试时间为10分钟。 (四)英语专业四级写作的评分标准 1.作文的评分标准 (1)文章内容切题、丰富，文章通顺，表达清楚。 (2)行文流畅。 (3)组织严密，逻辑性强。 (4)句型多样化，句法结构正确。 (5)用词得体、恰当、丰富。 (6)语法正确。(7)拼写及标点正确，书写整洁。 (五)高分密招 很多学习者翻开作文书籍，就如同想打开一本武功秘籍，只希望看到5个字母trick(技巧) 。技巧固然十分重要，但在应试准备中，常常需要70%的基础和30%的技巧。这里要提醒 大家的是，不可高估技巧的作用，犹如在武打片中，要想得到某某宝典和剑法，是需要付出惨痛的代价的。 1.在考场中，常常感到无话可说，该怎么办? 的确，在考场中有些考生由于紧张，常常会出现大脑一片空白，在10分钟之内动不了笔。对于这种在考场中思维短路的现象，有两种对策。 对策一：逆向思维法。考生在拿到一个作文话题、但不知该如何动笔时，可以去联想有关该 话题的具体事件，从具体事件中提炼出观点，再将观点反弹回去，即topic具体事件观点。例如看到The Advantage and Disadvantage of TV这个文章题目时，如果不知如何下笔，可以去联想一些具体的电视节目。一提到电视节目，就会自然而然地想到新闻联播。新闻联播有哪些好处呢?当然是开拓视野，了解世界。同时，还会联想到一些暴力片和色情片，它们对儿童的身心健康发展不利。 对策二：正说反说法。考生在写作中感到观点空洞茫然，不易理论清楚，甚至不知从何谈起时，可以从正、反两个方面对议题进行“摆事实，讲道理”，即“如果这样，就会怎么样； 如果不这样，又会怎么样”。 2.在写作中，遇到不会表达的词语该怎么办? 对于母语是中文的学习者，其中文词汇量往往大于英文词汇量，在英文写作中遇到不能表 达的词语是最正常不过的事情了。但有的考生在遇到不会拼写的单词时，往往绞尽脑汁，冥思苦想，结果造成思维短路，得不偿失。其实，对于这种情况，也有两种对策。 对策一：用其近义词代替。 如在写Student Use of Computer这篇作文时，很多同学以“在 最近10年里，学生使用电脑的小时数一直在增加”这句话来开头。“10年”可以用decade表 示，“增加”可以用ascend表示。但是不知道这两个词或对于它们的拼写没有把握时，可用 其近义词表示，如“10年”直接用ten years就可以，“增加”还可用increase, go up, ri se, grow, jump, climb等。在这个时候，考生必须遵守“宁为瓦全，不可玉碎”的原则。 这就要求在平时注意多收集一些同义词。如在每一篇作文中都会用到的一个单词“认为”， 英文中有很多单词来表达此义，如think, agree, claim, maintain, argue, believe, h old, suggest, viewas, regardas, consider(as)。又如另一个单词“目前，最近” ，可用nowadays, these years, recently, lately, currently, at present。此外， 同义词的收集与运用有助于考生在写作中用词多样化。 对策二：当考生在写作中，既找不到该词 的近义词，又不能用解释性的语言进行阐述时，考生可以考虑用其上义词或下义词来代替。 上义词是对事物的概括性、抽象性说明；下义词是事物的具体表现形式。如Owing a Car这 篇文章谈到拥有汽车的弊端，其中有一点是汽车会排放出一氧化碳(carbon oxide)和二氧化 碳(carbon dioxide),对空气造成污染。当然，如果不知道如何拼写，更不知该如何去 释义一氧化碳和二氧化碳时，可以用它们的上义词poisonous gases来表示，因为不 论是一氧化碳还是二氧化碳都是有毒气体。又如Getting to Know the World Outside the Campus(大学生该如何走出校园了解世界)，提纲的第二点要求是大学生了解社会的途径( 大众媒体、社会服务等)。“大众媒体”为mass media，“社会服务”为social service。 如果考生不会表达，但是在提纲里又明确规定不能不写时，可以用其下义词来代替。大众媒 体的具体表现形式是TV，radio, newspaper, internet；社会服务的具体表现形式则为par t|time job, tutoring等。因而，考生在写作中遇到不会表达的单词时，应该沉着冷静 ，考虑用其近义词、上义词或下义词来代替。 如何给阅卷老师留下美好的第一印象 要想作文获得高分，显而易见就是要给阅卷老师留下美好的印象。老师们的阅卷过程是郁闷枯燥的。使自己的文章在大约1分钟的阅读时间内，迅速地在他们的脑海中形成较多的兴奋点，是至关重要的。 首先，作文的写作时间为35分钟，合理的时间安排为10+20+5，前面的10分钟用来读题审题 ，构思并列提纲，接着的20分钟用来按照提纲写作，最后5分钟用来检查及润色。合理的时 间安排是写出优秀 作文的必不可少的第一步。 其次，卷面的设置。要想让阅卷老师对你的作文试卷有一种赏心悦目的感觉，作文的排版应该不多于2/3，不少于1/3，要留有余地，不要将卷面写得密密麻麻。字体不要过大或过小。字迹要工整。段落方面，英语专业四级考试作文的特点决定了作文写法的基本框架为三段论。俗话说，事不过三，超过了三段后就会让人感到过于繁琐。并且应当注意的是，每段开头都应该有缩进，留有两个单词的位置。 再次，除了形式之外，作文 的内容也尤其重要。阅卷老师阅卷一般是从第一段看语言，从第二段看结构。这就要求考生 的作文开头部分以及每一段的第一句一定要写得像英文，不要出现任何的拼写或语法错误。 除了语言的地道外，还要求作文有层次感。可以用一系列表示逻辑关系的连词，即路标 词来表示思路的清晰，如and, however, furthermore, also, whats more等。此外，还可 以用对等的句式结构，如for one thing, for another； On the one hand, on the other hand等来增加文章的层次感。总之，议论文对语言的要求主要体现在三个方面：用 恰当的逻辑词表现文章的逻辑性。要注意自然段与主题句的运用，即用自然段表现出文章 的逻辑性，并在每段中用主题句说明要点，给人一目了然的感觉。要注意句型结构，注意 每句的重心和句与句之间的衔接，使句意一环扣一环，避免松散。 便条的写作 便条是一种简单的书信形式。要求学生仔细阅读和分析所给的情景，确定便条所涉及的内容 ，如写便条者与便条接收者的身份、两者之间的关系及情景的正式程度等。便条的特点在于内容简短，大多是临时性的询问、留言、通知、要求等。与正规书信相比，便条的语言更为口语化。有急事需告诉别人而又不能面谈时，就可以写便条，如请假条、留言条等。一般不写地址，与普通书信基本相同。结尾时也无需要结尾礼词，只需要写上便条者姓名。便条的日期一般只要写上星期几，也可以写明上午、下午的具体时间。便条具有用途广泛、形式简单、文字要求不十分严格的特点。考研英语写作的四大步骤 编辑: admin | 作者: . | 发布日期: 2004-11-1 14:27:56 万事开头难，写作亦然。在考场上看到作文题目时，许多考生往往感觉题目并不难，但却又不知从何处下手，大脑一片空白，着急得手心冒汗。 Just keep your shirt on. 写作是需要遵循一定的规律和步骤的。只有在平时养成了良好的写作习惯，才能在考场上胸有成竹，下笔如神。规划写作进程 在考场上时间是非常宝贵、十分有限的，所以就需要我们在平时练习的时候一定要养成合理规划写作进程的好习惯。每一个人都有不同的写作习惯，有的人习惯于先写出提纲，有的人习惯于完整地写下草稿后再抄写在卷面上，也有人习惯于直接在卷子上写。但不管怎样，我们一定要首先计划安排好时间。 通常情况下你可以在动笔之前花 5分钟左右的时间构思并写出提纲；然后用大约30分钟的时间把短文写好；如果你习惯于打草稿的话，可以用20分钟的时间写草稿，然后再用10分钟左右的时间把草稿抄写在试卷上，可以边抄边修改，以保证卷面的整洁；最后我们还有大约5分钟的时间来检查。在平时写作的时候就要严格要求自己，按照考试的要求操练。 审清题型题意 在考场上有些考生往往担心没有足够的时间，看完题目就动笔写了起来，结果是写了一半却发现跑题了。为了避免这种情况，首先要认真审题，在审题期间我们要解决两个问题，即：分清题型和揣摩题意。 1. 分清题型。 拿到题后，分析该题目是议论文、说明文、记叙文或书信通知类的文体(历年来的考研英语作文题都属于论说文)，以及题目中所给的信息是段首句、提纲、还是图表或关键词。不同的题型要求使用不同的语言风格和写作方法。分清题型，脑子里就对采用什么风格和方法写作有了一个初步的概念。比如：如果题目是议论文，就要想到必须在文章中使用充分的例证来说理：如果是书信体，就必须注意使用书信的格式，用诚恳生动的语言来打动读者。 2. 揣摩题意。 根据题目中的一些词汇信息，来确定文章的主题，限定写作范围。 比如，1996年的题目是：“good health”。从“health”这个词可以确定，这篇作文的主题应该是健康，而不是娱乐或其他的事物；而从题目里出现的“good”这个词可以将作文的主题缩小到良好的健康。再结合所给出的outline，确定具体的写作思路和范围。 再比如，近几年常考漫画作文，刚刚结束的2004年考研英语作文也是一篇漫画式作文，题目是终点又是新起点。许多考生在看到这个题目之后感觉不难，也很熟悉，但又不知该如何下笔，具体该写些什么。 首先我们要缩小话题范围或者说是将短文的内容具体化(narrowing down the topic)。我们可以结合大到社会问题、小到个人情况来展开话题。比如说：为了申办奥运会，我们中国人努力了十余年，企盼了十余年，在2001年我们终于实现了这一夙愿。至此，我们可以为申奥画上一个圆满的句号了。但同时这也是一个新的起点，我们又必须着手准备2008年的奥运会了。再比如2003年的春天，我们正常的工作和生活被一场可怕的瘟疫打乱了。这就是人们闻之而色变的SARS。通过几个月全社会齐心协力的奋战，我们终于战胜了这个恶魔。这是一个终点，同时它也是一个新起点，一个需要人们改变不健康的生活方式的新起点，一个人类维护生态平衡的新起点。 我们也可以从小处着手，比如：考研是一个终点，是我们进入大学后四年辛苦努力的结果。这是人生中的一个岔路口，也是一个新的起点，是莘莘学子们或继续深造或步入社会的新起点。这样，我们缩小了话题范围之后就比较容易下笔了。 精心选材构思 在分清题型、确定了文章的主题和写作范围之后，要开始构思写作的内容和步骤了。也就是说，在作文答题纸上动笔之前，要对文章将要涉及到的内容以及组合这些内容的步骤进行思考。当你看到一个题目时，是不是常常遇到大脑一片空白的情况，如果是这样的话，不要着急，因为你并不孤单，有许多人和你一样也正为此发愁呢！下面我们就要介绍两种有效的方法来克服这个问题。 1. 风暴联想法 构思写作方法和步骤先要围绕题目，广泛搜索材料，然后是筛选材料，列出稍微详细的提纲。搜索材料可以采用联想法，即针对题目所给的信息，尽可能快速地联想尽可能多的与信息有关的材料，将所有这些想到的材料写在草稿纸上，这些材料可以是一个单词、一个短语或一个句子，然后再进一步筛选。下面就是一个用风暴联想法来搜集素材的例子：要求 “Demonstrate that the invention of computer has significantly changed our lives”，此时我们可以给自己限定五分钟的时间，在这五分钟里让我们的思想随意走，联想到什么便写什么，无须讲求逻辑、语法，务求尽快在指定时间内列出所想到的字词句。接着看看哪些与题目相关，然后将它们组合成有用数据。我们可以想到： Computer games, convenience brought by Internet (e-mail, ICQ), My kid bro. thinks computers are for kids. Mother says its too bad that kids dont read in their spear time anymore. Hackers, purchase on-line, surf, Program, become a programmer? big future? Guided missiles, Computers in railway stations- print tickets Banks-shove your credit cards A man lucked out-deposited $100-computer credited him with $10,000 Are we just numbers now? 并不是我们所能想到的都是有用的，我们还需要根据短文的主题来取舍。如果要写一篇关于电脑的正面影响的短文的话，划线的单词、短语或句子就是有用的。 2.自我提问法 除了通过风暴联想法来搜集素材以外，我们还可以通过自我提问法来打开思路。当记者要写一篇新闻稿时，都会在报道中回答以下的问题： whowhatwherewhenwhyhow 同样地，我们也可以围绕这些问题来搜集作文的材料，让自己从不同角度去看同一主题，帮助自己定位。我们无须安排一定次序，也不用担心数据是否有用，只要尽量提出多一些的 W-H问题，然后逐一解答便可。当我们完成后，再决定取舍哪些材料。下面我们还是以电脑给人们的生活带来的影响为例，用自我提问法来搜集材料。可以想到的问题有： 1. When was computer invented? 2. What can a computer do? 3. What are the positive influences brought to human beings by computer? 4. What are the negative influences brought to human beings by computer? 5. What cases in point do we often see in our life as far as the influence of computer is concerned? 6. What will the future computer do for us? 7. Can computer take the place of human beings? 这些问题中有些是有用的，有些可能派不上用场。现在我们就可以来筛选出有用的问题，按照一定的逻辑顺序排列，逐一解答便可得到作文的大概了。 快速拟写大纲 通过风暴联想法和自我提问法的学习，我们打开了思路、搜集到了许多相关的素材。下面我们就需要理出文章的基本思路，也就是要构架作文的轮廓或大纲 (outline)。四、六级英语考试的作文大多给出了轮廓，考生只需按照所给的框架扩写就可以了。而近年来的考研英语作文多以漫画的形式出现，因此需要考生在动笔拟稿之前自己写出大纲以保证作文思路清晰，紧扣主题。 所谓的大纲就是一个有逻辑性的、有组织的对作文的概述。一个好的大纲是我们写作过程中的好助手，它可以帮我们确定作文的主题和结构、有序地组织自己的观点、合理地安排材料。写大纲的时候，我们可以使用完整的句子，也可以使用单词或短语。使用完整的句子写大纲比较详细，而且有些主题句在最后写成文的时候直接可以使用。而如果使用单词或短语来写大纲的话则会更快、更简洁。下面我们继续以上面的话题为例，写一个大纲。 The Effect of Computer on Our Life I. Thesis: The invention of computer has greatly changed out life. II. The effect of computer on our life 1. Positive effect 2. Negative effect III. Conclusion: We must use computer in a correct way. 大纲拟好后，下笔成文就是 a piece of cake 了，下一步就交给你来完成了PART VI WRITING 45 MIN.SECTION A COMPOSITION 35 MINThe students Union of your university is planning to hold an arts festival next semester, and they are inviting students to contribute their ideas and suggestions as to how it should be organized or what should be included.Write on ANSWER SHEET TWO a composition of about 200 words on the following topic:MY IDEA OF A UNIVERSITY ARTS FESTIVALYou are to write in three parts.In the first part, state specifically what your idea is.In the second part, provide one or two reasons to support your idea OR describe your idea. In the last part, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or a summary.Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the instructions may result in a loss of marks.SECTION B NOTE-WRITING 10 MINWrite on ANSWER SHEET TWO a note of about 50-60 words based on the following situation:You have got two tickets to a concert given by a famous pop band/orchestra. Write a note to your friend, Hilda/Mike, describing briefly what it is and inviting her/him to come with you.Marks will be awarded for content ,organization, grammer and appropriateness.SECTION A COMPOSITION The students Union of your university is planning to hold an arts festival next semester, and they are inviting students to contribute their ideas and suggestions as to how it should be organized or what should be included.Write on ANSWER SHEET TWO a composition of about 200 words on the following topic:MY IDEA OF A UNIVERSITY ARTS FESTIVALYou are to write in three parts.In the first part, state specifically what your idea is.In the second part, provide one or two reasons to support your idea OR describe your idea. In the last part, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or a summary.Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the instructions may result in a loss of marks.SECTION B NOTE-WRITING Write on ANSWER SHEET TWO a note of about 50-60 words based on the following situation:You have got two tickets to a concert given by a famous pop band/orchestra. Write a note to your friend, Hilda/Mike, describing briefly what it is and inviting her/him to come with you.Marks will be awarded for content ,organization, grammer and appropriateness.英语专业四级历年写作真题您当前的位置:首页 英语 试题下载 英语专业四级、八级试题 2005-05-17 10:07英文写作网1992My View on Reading Extensively1993My Idea of Becoming a Teaching in the Future1994TV: a good thing or a bad thing?1995Nowadays it has become fashionable for college students to take a part-time job in their spare time. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this trend. 1996Every college student would agree that life in college is not the same as it was in the middle school. Now, you have been asked by the Students Union to write a passage entitled: The Main Difference Between My College Life And My Middle School Life1997Some of your classmates think that more pressure from academic studies is not beneficial to students. You either agree or disagree with them: ，More pressure from academic studies does (does not) good to us1998It is now generally accepted that vehicles (cars, trucks, etc.) are a major source of air pollution in cities. Your are to suggest only ONE way to solve the problem.，One way to solve the problem1999We see advertisements on television everyday. Some people think that TV advertising brings as benefits, but others dont think so. What is your opinion?，A major advantage/disadvantage of advertising on television2000College life should be varied and colorful. And extracurricular activities are an important aspect of it. However, at present, there is much room for improvement in this regard. Write an article to the university radio entitled: ，The importance of extracurricular activities2001Travel has become part of our life. And more and more of us have come to know the significance of travel through our own experience:，Travel broadens the mind2002Nowadays people are becoming increasingly aware of the importance of health. And they have different ways to stay healthy. For example, some exercise every day; others try to keep a balanced diet. What do you think is the best way to stay healthy?The Best Way to Stay Healthy新托福模拟考试满分作文两篇 编辑: admin | 作者: Helen | 发布日期: 2005-10-7 18:54:09 今年暑假我在上做了一次新托福模拟考试，听力、阅读、写作都得了满分。下面就是这次模拟考试写作部分的两篇满分作文，供大家交流。 第一篇作文：New findings in scientific areas can examine and challenge previous assumptions. A recent finding concerning the meerkat, a burrow-dwelling animal in the African grasslands, has cast doubt upon the conventional ideas of altruism, the type of behavior in which an animal sacrifices its own interests for the benefit of another.Meerkats were previously thought to be a typical altruistic animal. When the other meerkats feed, there is usually one meerkat watching out for predators. The sentinel meerkat gains nothing, it seems, for it can neither eat nor escape quickly and successfully after raising an alarm.However, in the new findings, its shown that the sentinel meerkat has already eaten food before standing guard, thus contradicting the thought that it has an empty belly while on the lookout. In addition to this, the sentinel is the first to see a predator, so it is the first to escape. It is also placed nearest a burrow, making it relatively easier to flee. Moreover, its alarm calls may cause the group either to gather or to spread rapidly, which may attract the predators attention, providing the sentinel a better chance to escape. The same is with supposed human altruistic behavior. Organ donation to strangers may be considered an unselfish act, which provides little reward to the donator. However, by donating his organ, the donator may most probably receive praise and appreciation from others. Isnt this non-material reward, which increases ones self worth, satisfactory to anyone?第二篇作文：Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?Good teachers are more important to a childs development than good parents.-Parents and teachers are both important people to a child. Some people say, Good teachers are more important to a childs development than good parents. However, I do not agree with this statement.Parents are the first educators of a child. Indeed, when a person is born into this world, the first people he is in contact with everyday are his parents, whereas a teacher can only come during a later stage in the childs life, and may leave him after just a few years.All through the childs childhood and puberty, parents exert a subtle influence on him, teaching him what to look up to and what to become. In the early years of a childs life, his parents are the ones to teach him the basics of life and the principals of living. They are the ones to teach him how to pronounce the first word, how to stand up and take a few steps, how to greet elders, and in the process of which, they give him the first glimpse of life-how learning, strength of character and etiquette are essential to one person. These are what my father and mother taught me when I was too young to go to school. Good parents set a good example for a child to abide by, whereas bad parents usually do not have well-behaving children. Isnt it said, Like father, like son? Parents are the first people a child learns to respect, because they are his guardians, his elders tied by blood. Being a good parent doesnt necessarily mean that he or she must be knowledgable, or must be able to speak big, wise words that may be difficult to understand. If a parent can teach the child how to behave by behaving himself, he is a good parent even if he is illiterate, or is poor. Thus, a childs character is usually shaped and molded before he attends school under the influence of his parents, and that is more than a good teacher can do to the child with the bearings of knowledge.Good parents are essential to a childs development in that they are the first ever to teach him and that what they deliver is more about life and spirit than knowledge. What they can do is more than what a good teacher can. It suffices to say that good parents are the most important people to a childs development, and not good teachers.此文章为网友的原创作品投稿，版权由本站和原作者共同享有，转载请通知本站。PART V TRANSLATION （60 MIN）SECTION A CHINESE TO ENGLISHTranslate the following text into English. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET THREE.一个人的生命究竟有多大意义，这有什么标准可以衡量吗？提出一个绝对的标准当然很困难；但是，大体上看一个人对待生命的态度是否严肃认真，看他对待劳动、工作等等的态度如何，也就不难对这个人的存在意义做出适当的估计了。古来一切有成就的人，都很严肃地对待自己的生命，当他活着一天，总要尽量多劳动、多工作、多学习，不肯虚度年华，不让时间白白地浪费掉。我国历代的劳动人民及大政治家、大思想家等等都莫不如此。SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESETranslate the following underlined part of the text into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET THREE.It is simple enough to say that since books have classes fiction, biography,poetrywe should separate them and take from each what it is right that each should give us. Yet few people ask from books what books can give us. Most commonly we come to books with blurred and divided minds, asking of fiction that it shall be true, of poetry that it shall be false, of biography that it shall be flattering, of history that it shall enforce our own prejudices. If we could banish all such preconception when we read, that would be an admirable beginning. Do not dictate to your author; try to become him. Be his fellowworker and accompl