专八2002年真题.doc

2002年英语专业八级考试全真试卷试卷一 (95 min)Part Listening Comprehension (40 min)In Sections A, B and C you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your Colored Answer Sheet.SECTION A TALKQuestions 1 to 5 refer to the talk in this section .At the end of the talk you w ill be given 15 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the talk. 1. According to the passage, during the 18th and 19th centuries cities we are small in size mainly because _.A. the urban population was stable B. few people lived in citiesC. transport was backwardD. it was originally planned2. Cities survived in those days largely as a result of _.A. the trade activities they undertookB. the agricultural activities in the nearby areasC. their relatively small sizeD. the non-economic roles they played3. City dwellers were engaged in all the following economic activities EX CEPT _.A. commerceB. distributionC. processingD. transportation4. Urban people left cities for the following reasons EXCEPT _.A. more economic opportunitiesB. a freer social and political environmentC. more educational opportunitiesD. a more relaxed religious environment5. Why did the early cities fail to grow as quickly as expected through out the 18th century? A. Because the countryside attracted more people.B. Because cities did not increase in number.C. Because the functions of the cities changed.D. Because the number of city people was stable.SECTION B INTERVIEWQuestions 6 to 10 are based on an interview .At the end of the interview you will be given 15 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview.6. According to Janet, the factor that would most affect negotiations is _.A. English language proficiencyB. different cultural practicesC. different negotiation tasksD. the international Americanized style7. Janets attitude towards the Americanized style as a model for business negotiations is _.A. supportiveB. negativeC. ambiguousD. cautious8. Which of the following can NOT be seen as a difference between Brazilian and American negotiatorsA. Americans prepare more points before negotiations.B. Americans are more straightforward during negotiations.C. Brazilians prefer more eye contact during negotiations.D. Brazilians seek more background information.9. Which group of people seems to be the most straightforward?A. The British.B. Germans.C. Americans.D. Not mentioned.10. Which of the following is NOT characteristic of Japanese negotiators?A. Reserved.B. Prejudiced.C. Polite.D. Prudent. SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTQuestion 11 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.11. The news item is mainly about _.A. a call for research papers to be read at the conferenceB. an international conference on traditional Tibetan medicineC. the number of participants at the conference and their nationalitiesD. the preparations made by the sponsors for the international conferenceQuestions 12 and 13 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item , you will be given 30 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news.12. The news item mainly concerns _ in Hong Kong.A. Internet centresB. an IBM seminarC. e-governmentD. broadcasting13. The aims of the three policy objectives include all the following EXCEPT _.A. improvement of government efficiencyB. promotion of e-commerceC. integration of service deliveryD. formulation of Digital 21 StrategyQuestions 14 and 15 are based on the following news .At the end of the news item , you will be given 30 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news.14. Which of the following records was the second best time of the year by Donovan Bailey?A.9.98.B.9.80.C.9.91.D.9.95.15. The record shows that Bailey was _.A. still suffering from an injuryB. getting back in shapeC. unable to compete with GreeneD. less confident than before Part Three 答案部分英语专业八级考试历年全真试卷2002录音文字材料、参考答案及详细解答听力原文PART LISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A TALK The first area in American urban history extended from the early 17th century to about 1840. Throughout those years the total urban population remained small and so with the cities. At the first federal census in 1790, city dwellers made up nearly 5.1% of the total population and only two places had more than 25 ,000 inhabitants. Fifty years later only 10.8% of the national population fell into the urban category and only one city, New York, contained more than 250,000 people. Largely because of the unsophisticated modes of transportation, even the more populous places in the early 19th century remained small enough that people could easily walk from one end of the city to the other in those days. Though smaller in modern standards these walking cities, as it were, performed a variety of functions in those days. One was economic. Throughout the pre-modern era, this part of urban life remained so overwhelmingly commercial that almost every city owed its development to trade. Yet city dwellers concerned themselves not only with promoting agricultural activities in their own areas, they also collected and processed goods from these areas and distributed them to other cities. From the beginning line and increasingly in the 18th and early 19th centuries, cities served as centers of both commerce and simple manufacturing. Apart from the economical functions, the early cities also had important no n-economic functions to play. Since libraries, museums, schools and colleges were built and needed people to go there to visit or to study, cities and the large early towns with their concentration of population tended to serve as centers of educational activities and as places from which information was spread to the countryside. In addition, the town with people of different occupational, ethnic, racial and religious affiliations became focuses of formal and informal organizations which were set up to foster the security and to promote the interests and influence of each group. In those days the pre-industrial city in America functioned as a complex and varied organizing element in American life, not as a sim ple, heterogeneous and sturdy union. The variety of these early cities was reinforced by the nature of their loc ation and by the process of town spreading. Throughout the pre-industrial period of American history, the city occupied sites on the eastern portion of the largely under-developed continent, and settlement on the countryside generally followed the expansion of towns in that region. The various interest groups in e ach city tended to compete with their counterparts in other cities for economic, social and political control first nearby and later more distant and larger are as. And always there remained the underdeveloped regions to be developed through the establishment of new towns by individuals and groups. These individuals and groups sought economic opportunities or looked for a better social, political o r religious atmosphere. In this sense, the cities better developed a succession of urban frontiers. While this kind of circumstance made Americans one o f the most prolific and self-conscious city-building peoples of their time, it d id not retard the steadily urbanizing society in the sense that decade by decade an ever larger proportion of the people lived in cities. In 1680 an estimated 9 to 10 percent of American colonists lived in urban s entitlements. A century later, that was the end of the 18th century, though 24 places had 2500 persons or more, city dwellers accounted for only 5.1% of the total population. For the next thirty years, the proportion remained relatively stable and it was not until 1830 that the urban figure moved back up to the level of 1690. In short, as the number of cities increased after 1680, they sent large numbers of people into the countryside and their retainers. Nonetheless the continuousmovement of people into and out of the cities made life in the many but relatives Ely small places lively and stimulating. SECTION B INTERVIEWM: Im talking to Janet Holmes who has spent many years negotiating fo r several well-known national and multi-national companies. Hello, Janet.W: Hello.M：Now Janet, youve experienced and observed the negotiation strategies used by people from different countries and speakers of different languages. So befor e we comment on the differences, could I ask you to comment, first of all, on what such encounters have in common?W：OK, well, Im just going to focus on the situations where people are speakin g English in international business situations.M: I see. Now, not every one speaks to the same degree of proficiency. Maybe tha t affects the situation.W: Yes, perhaps. But that is not always so significant. Well, because, I mean, n egotiations between business partners from different countries normally mean we have negotiations between individuals who belong to distinct cultural traditionsM: Oh, I see.W: Well, every individual has a different way of performing various tasks in eve ryday life.M: Yes, but, but isnt it the case that in the business negotiation, they must c ome together and work together to a certain extent. I mean, doesnt that level up the style of, the style of differences or somewhat?W: Oh, I am not so sure. I mean therere people in the so-called Western World w ho say that in the course of the past 30 or 40 years, there are a lot of things that have changed a great deal globally, and that as a consequence, national differences had diminished, giving way to some sort of international Americanized style.M: Yeah, Ive heard that. Now some people say this Americanized style has acted as a model for local patterns.W: Maybe it has, maybe it hasnt. Because on the one hand, there does appear to be a fairly unified even uniform style of doing business with certain basic principles and preferences, you know, like time is money, that sort of thing. But at the same time, it is very important to remember the way all retain aspects of national characteristics. But it is the actual behavior that we will talk a bout here. We shouldnt be too quick to generalize that to national characteristic and stylistic type. It doesnt help much.M: Yeah. You mentioned Americanized style. What is particular about American style of business bargaining or negotiating?W: Well, Ive noticed that, for example, when Americans negotiate with people from Brazil, the American negotiators make their points in a direct, sophistical way.M: I see.W: While Brazilians make their points in a more indirect way.M: How?W: Let me give you an example. Brazilian importers look at people theyre talking to straight in the eyes a lot. They spend time on what some people thinks to b e background information. They seem to be more indirect.M: Then, what about the American negotiators?W: American style of negotiating, on the other hand, is far more like that of po int-making; first point, second point, third point, and so on. Now of course, th is isnt the only way in which one can negotiate and theres absolutely no reason why t his should be considered as the best way to negotiate.M: Right. Americans seem to have a different style, say, even from the British, dont they?W: Exactly, which just show how careful you must be about generalizing. I mean, how about asking you explain how the American negotiators are seen as informal, and so metimes much too open. For British eyes, Americans are too direct even blunt.M: Is that so?W: Yeah, at the same time, the British too. German negotiators can appear direct and uncompromising in the negotiations, and yet if you experience Germans and Americans negotiating together, it often is the Americans who are too blunt for the German negotiators.M: Fascinating! So people from different European countries use different styles, dont they? W: Thats right.M: OK. So what about the Japanese then? I mean, is their style different from the Americans and Europeans?W: Oh, well, yes, of course. Many Europeans nod its extreme politeness of their Japanese counterpart, the way they avoid giving the slightest defense, you know. Theyre also very reserved to people they dont know well. At the first meeting s American colleagues have difficulties in finding the right approach sometimes. But then when you meet the Japanese negotiators again, this initial impression tends to disappear. But it is perhaps true to say the average Japanese business person does choose his or her words really very carefully.M: So can we say that whatever nationalities you are dealing with, you need to remember that different nationalities negotiate in different ways? W: Well its perhaps more helpful to bear in mind that different people behave in negotiating in different ways. And you shouldnt assume that everyone will be have in the same way that you do.M: Right. It is definitely a very useful tip for our businessman who often negotiate with their overseas partners, OK, Janet, thank you very much for talking with us.W: Pleasure. SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTNews Item 1(For Question 11) The first International Tibetan Traditional Medicine Conference will be held July 15th to 17th in Lasa, capital city of Tibet autonomous region. Chinas Ethnic Medicine Institute, Tibetan Bureau and Tibetan Medical College will co-host the conference. The conference has received more than 500 research papers from China and abroad. The organizing committee primarily selected 290 articles to be discussed at the conference. More than 50 foreign guests from the United States, Russia, Britain, India, Germany, France, Italy and Nepal will attend the meeting. The China mainland has sent a delegation consisting of 250 Tibetan medicine experts to the conference.News Item 2(For Questions 12-13). The government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region was actively adopting information technology and building an electronic government, a senior Hong Kong official said yesterday. This is an integral part of Hong Kongs Digital 21 Strategy formulated in 1998 to make Hong Kong both a regional and world-wide internet centre, said Carrion, secretary for information technology and broad casting. She outlined three policy objectives in developing an E-government in Hong Kong at the IBM Asian E-government Executive Seminar. The first policy objective is to develop an electronic and people less government so as to improve the efficiency, cost-effectiveness and quality of public service. The second is to p remote the wide adoption of E-commence with the government setting a leading example. The third is, through the E-government program, to integrate service delivery across motor able departments and agencies.News Item 3(For Questions 14-15) Canadian Olympic 100-meter champion Donovan Bailey showed he was on his w ay back to top form on Tuesday by winning the 100-meters at the athletic meeting in Switzerland in the time of 9.98 seconds. Despite unfavorable windy conditions, Bailey recorded the second best time of the year short of the 9. 91 se t by double world champion Moris Greene of the United States on May 13th in Noso ka, Japan. I would have run 9. 80 if Id really pushed me. “Said Bailey, 1 996 Olympic and 1995 world champion. The Canadian has been fighting for form since before the Sidney Olympics, following a long-term injury which resulted in a disappointing series of starts in the season. SECTION D NOTE-TAKING AND GAP-FILLINGStudy Activities in University Good morning, today well look at some study activities carried out in university. As we know, students in colleges or universities are expected to master some academic materials that are fairly difficult to understand. However, some of the m find it hard to learn some complex, abstract or unfamiliar subject matters. As a result, a central problem in higher education is how to internalize academic knowledge that is how to make knowledge your own. In order to do so we must convert knowledge from being others knowledge to being part of our own way of thinking. Then how are we going to do it? Whats the means available to help us in t h e process of learning? There are four key study activities currently used in hig her education to encourage students to internalize knowledge. They are the ones we are familiar with: writing essays, going to classes and seminars, having individual tutorials and listening to lectures. The four activities are long-established features of our higher education, and they are as important now as they were a hundred years ago. Now lets look at the features of them one by one. First, essay writing. The central focus of university work, especially in h umanities, for example in literature, history or politics, is on students prod u cing regular essays or papers which summarize and express their personal understanding of the topic. Then what is good about essay writing? Firstly, writing essays forces you to select what you find interesting in books and journals and to express your understanding in the coherent form. Individual written work also provides teachers with the best available guide to how you are progressing in the subject, and allows them to give advice on how to develop your strengths or counteract your weaknesses. Lastly, of course, individual written work is still the basis of almost all assessment in higher education. Written assignments familiarize you wi