汉英翻译引言部分课堂举例.doc

汉英翻译引言部分课堂举例错误译例一 拍摄地点：绍兴市景点：景区指示 建议改译：RESIDENCE OF ZHOU ENLAIS FORFATHER 错误译例二 拍摄地点:宁波市环城北路 建议改译：PLEASE GET IN LANE KEEP IN LANE (不准换道) 错误译例三 拍摄地点：杭州黄龙体育中心附近 错误词句：线内停车 即停即下 即下即走 Parking within the line only No parking in driveway Stopping only if requested 建议改译：Parking within the line only No Lingering here (within the line) 错误译例四 拍摄地点：杭州物美大卖场文二店 原 文：裸卖熟食、酱菜，请由我们的员工为你装袋、称重、计价，确保卫生。 误 译：To buy cooked food and preserved pickes, please ask our store employe to packthemin the bag for sanitary concern and reweigh it for price。 建议改译：To ensure the food safety , please ask our employees to pack, weigh and charge those unpacked cooked food and preserved vegetables for you. 错误译例五 拍摄地点：杭州城站火车站 原 文：除公交车外 误 译：EXCEPTBUSES 问 题：直译，死译 建议改译： BUS ONLY 错误译例六 拍摄地点：灵隐寺 原 文：飞来峰 误 译：Peak Flying From 建议改译：Peak Flying From Afar 错误译例七 拍摄地点：杭州某展览馆 建议改译： 1. Please go on a guided tour in sequence 2. Please dont make loud noise during your visit. 3. Please dont touch the showpiece.(No Touching) 4. Please dont smoke in the showroom, spit wherever you like, or litter around. 错误译例八 拍摄地点: 杭州城站火车站 原 文：软度候车室 误 译：SOFT WAITING ROOM 建议改译：First-Class Lounge； 或 Lounge for First-class Ticket HoldersThe Prerequisites for a C-E Translator 1/ To have a good command of Chinese （汉语水平要高） -那位研究生英年好学，矻矻三载，终使其论文得以付梓。 参考译文：That graduate student at his lifes full flowering was eager to learn, worked diligently and untiringly for 3 years, and finally he had his thesis published. -不少人认为“信达雅”是严复的戛戛独造，并奉之为译事圭臬。 Version: Many people hold that “faithulness, expressiveness and elegance” is Yan Fus own great original creation and regard it as the standard of translation. -子在川上曰：“逝者如斯夫！不舍昼夜。” Version: The Master standing by a stream, said, “It passes on just like this, not ceasing day or night!” -三人行，必有我师焉。择其善者而从之，其不善者而改之。 Version: When I walk along with two others, they may serve me as my teachers. I will select their good qualities and follow them, their bad qualities and avoid them. -君子坦荡荡，小人长戚戚。 Version: The superior man is satisfied and composed; the mean man is always full of distress. -“闰土”也用上了程控电话。 Version: Now the farmers have program-controlled telephones installed at home. 2/ To have a good command of English(英文基本功要扎实) -一个女人是这样衰老的 Version: The Way a Woman Withers -二十岁的时候，有书店必逛，有书必买。三十岁之后，对书店视而不见，直接去了隔壁的美容院。 Version: At the age of twenty, the bookstore was a must for me, and I was a big book buyer. While after thirty, paying no attention to the bookstore, I breeze into the beauty parlor next door. -翻译是杂学，译者必须是杂家。 Version: Translation needs wide general knowledge, and a translator must be a professor of things in general. 3/ To have a wide range of knowledge(知识面要广) 4/ To know how to translate(要熟悉基本翻译技巧) 5/ To learn by heart ways of expression -全面建设小康社会：to build a well-off society in an all-round way -坚持科学发展、和谐发展、和平发展：Pursue scientific, harmonious and peaceful development -全面落实科学发展观：Fully apply (put into practice) the Outlook (Thinking) on Scientific Development -解决民生问题：to improve peoples well-being -她双手叉腰：Her hands rested on her hips. -失足青年：youth who has taken a wrong step in life -“豆腐渣”工程：jerrybuilt project(*beancurd residue project); 跳槽(job-hop); -露脐装(half-shirt/ midriff/ midriff-baring shirt);低腰露臀裤( hiphuggers); 假唱(lip-sync); -索取红包(solicit under-the-table或covert payments);红包(covert money ; neutralred paper containing money as a gift; bribe, kickback ); 压岁钱(red envelope; red-envelope money; money given to children as a Lunar New Year gift ) -国际大都市(cosmopolis)(*international city); 商业步行街(shopping street) -科教兴国to invigorate China through science and education -与国际接轨：to gear oneself to international conventions -对外开放政策：the policy of opening to the outside world/ 对内搞活经济：to enliven the domestic economy -建设有中国特色的社会主义理论：the theory of building socialism with Chinese characteristics -实事求是：Pursue a realistic and pragmatic approach -解放思想：Free our minds -不搞一刀切：without imposing a single solution 6/ To be politically conscious(政治觉悟要高) -台湾问题：Taiwan question(*Taiwan issue。试看The Taiwan question is made an issue by those who want to interfere in Chinas internal affairs.) -祖国统一：Chinas reunification/ 中国台湾Taiwan, China ；中国大陆Chinas mainland / the mainland of China (*mainland China)Principles & Criteria 1/ Two basic principles: a) The translation must convey the original message correctly; b) The translation must be well and easily understood by the reader of the translation. 2/ Criteria(traditional): faithfulness, expressiveness & elegance 3/ New criteria (16 characters) for C-E translation only：设身处地，整合意义，内外有别，晓畅道地。 1)设身处地 (a)设身处地让自己多“看”（to read English a lot） -存包(Public Lock)使用说明： 存：(1)请先按“存”键；(2)取密码纸，自动开箱；(3)存入 物品，关好箱门。 取：(1)密码纸靠近读码口，自动开箱；(2)取物后，请关 好箱门。 有人译成： Deposit (1)Please press the key deposit. (2)Take the password paper. Door opened automatically. (3)Deposit your articles and close the door. Withdrawal (1)The password paper is tight near the scan. Door opened automatically. (2)Please close the door after withdrawal notice. 且看英语国家类似的例子：（shkf,2003-3:11） To use (1)Open the door. (2)Place articles inside. (3)Insert quarter(It will be returned). (4)Turn and remove key. To remove contents (1)Insert key and turn (2)Open the door. (3)Quarter returns in slot. (b)设身处地替读者“找”感受（to feel what readers feel） 汉译外，读者是不懂汉语的“老外” 。上例可译成比较象样的英文于下： To use (1)Press the “deposit” key. (2)Take the barcode and the door opens. (3)Place articles inside and close the door. To remove contents (1)Press the barcode against the scanner. (2)Remove the things and close the door. 2)整合意义 汉语以时间排列，英语则以逻辑排列。一般说来，可分“按逻辑整合”、“按时间整合”、“按结构整合”等。如： -他五岁时候，生了一场伤寒病，变成了聋子。（shkf: 2003-3：38） Version: He became deaf at five after an attack of typhoid fever. -我告诉他，家有老母常年患病，我离国已六、七年，想回去看老母，至多两年就出来。 Version: I told him that I had been abroad for six or seven years and that I had to go home to see my old mother, who had been ill for a long time. However, I assured him that I would come back to France in two years. 3)内外有别 (a)表达方式有别 -西湖风景区，美化靠大家 Environmental protection starts from you and me. -湖区水深，注意安全 Deep Water! Beware! (zgfy07-1:64) -数量有限，售完为止 Subject to availability -诚邀教授、博士加盟我院 Vacancies are open to professors and Ph.Ds. (b)字面意义有别 -好又多(Trust Mart台湾商家)；家乐福(Carrefour法国商家)；（正大）万客隆(Chia TaiMakro泰国)；沃尔玛(Wal Mart2002世界五百强第一)；吉之岛(Juscoa Japanese shopping mall)；联想(Lenovo) -公共厕所 *common toilet (public)；*W.C. -狠抓肥料 *resolutely grasp manure(Beijing Review) (Attention should be paid to the accumulation of agricultural manure) -杭州的春天，淡妆艳抹，无不相宜。 Sunny or rainy, Hangzhou looks its best in spring.仿拟自苏轼饮湖上初晴后雨 (c)附着涵义有别 -白象牌：White Elephant；打假(crack down on counterfeiters)；打非(mount an attack on illegal publishers)；打拐(launch an attack on abductorsof women and children)；煲电话粥(do marathon talk on telephone)；资产阶级自由化(bourgeois liberalization toward capitalism) -This is an area that views the takeover as an end of the Opium War started in 1840.(International Herald Tribune, June 23, 1997) -香港回归the return of Hong Kong (to the motherland)/the reversion of Hong Kong -The United States insisted on occupying Taiwan.(卢思源，03/9/19) 原译：美国坚持占领台湾。改译：美国肆意霸占台湾。 4)晓畅道地 -二十岁的时候，随时随地向人透露我的年龄，答得比问得还快。三十岁之后，最恨别人问年龄，你要是非问不可，你猜啊。 At the age of twenty, I was so ready to reveal my age, telling people about my age frequently before they inquired. After thirty, age became almost a taboo to me. If somebody is so nosy, I respond, “Guess.” -二十岁的时候，一心想和体育系、美术系的男生约会。三十岁之后，我简直认为自己当年是白痴。 At the age of twenty, I did long to date with the boys from either physical education, or the art department. After thirty, it seems so unbelievable that I once idiotically possessed that thought. -二十岁的时候，我穿着一条背心式牛仔裙在校园里走来走去，一说话就脸红。三十岁的我穿着名牌套装，坐在办公桌前，满脸冷酷地对下属说：“这么愚蠢的问题你也敢问？也不先打个草稿。” At the age of twenty, wearing a jeans jumper, I moved about on the campus, my face blushing the moment I had the inclination to make an utterance. At the age of thirty, I, wearing a famous-brand suit and a cold look, reproach my subordinate bluntly, “How can you go so far as to raise such a silly, mindless question?” -二十岁的时候，看小说专挑和爱情有关的情节看。三十岁之后，我在聊天室里的代号叫“不谈爱情”。 At the age of twenty, while reading a novel, I abandoned myself to the chapters exclusively devoted to romance. After thirty, I dubbed myself as “No Mention of Love.” in the Internet chat-room. -二十岁的时候，我直想往前冲，谁也别挡我。三十岁之后，我真想赖着不走啊，又快过年了。 At the age of twenty, I dashed forward without any concern for the passing days and years. In my thirties, I strive to hang on to every moment. Unfortunately, another New Year looms on the horizon. -二十岁的暑假，在家乡的大街上偶遇自己的暗恋对象，听说他考上了研究生，被他的进步所打击，心如刀绞，想到这辈子终于不能出色得让他看我一眼，不禁怆然泪下。三十岁之后，到处打听哪里可以花钱买个MBA。 At the age of twenty, I ran into the young man whom I loved in private in the street of my hometown. Upon hearing that he had been enrolled as a graduate, I was virtually dealt a heavy blow, believing reluctantly so painful a fact that I could never do well enough to win his favor, bitter tears streaming down my cheeks. After thirty, I busy myself here and there, inquiring where I could buy an MBA diploma.试笔题(1) 1/ 总领事阁下，尊贵的客人，女士们，先生们： 很高兴也很荣幸参加今天的浙江财经学院爱尔兰研究所成立仪式。首先，我谨代表浙江财经学院向总领事阁下以及尊贵的客人们的到来表示热烈的欢迎！向研究所的成立致以热烈的祝贺！ Your Excellency Mr. Consul General,Distinguished Guests, Ladies & Gentlemen: Its my pleasure as well as great honor to be present at the founding ceremony of Irish Studies Center of our university. Let me begin with extending a heartfelt welcome, on behalf of Zhejiang University of Finance and Economics(Zufe), to our distinguished guests headed by Your Excellency Mr. Consul General! And warmly congratulating on the establishment of Irish Studies Center! 2/ 浙江财经学院是一所学术严谨、教学规范、学风良好的高等学校。学校筹建于1984年，现有教职工1000余人，设有财政与公共管理学院、会计学院、金融学院、外国语学院等十个二级学院，全校各类在校生15000余人，现已发展成为一所以经济、管理学科为主体，经、管、法、文、理、工多学科协调发展的财经类院校。 Zufe, an institute of higher learning which is strict with learning and standard in teaching, was founded in 1984 and has now ten schools, such as the School of Finance and Public Management, the School of Accounting, the School of Finance, and the School of Foreign Languages with the teaching and administrative staff exceeding1,000 and altogether 15,000 students. And now it has grown into a university with a harmonious development of economics, management science, law, liberal arts, natural science and engineering by focusing on economics and management science. 3/ 学校广泛开展国际交流合作，先后与美国、日本、法国、澳大利亚、新加坡、香港等国家和地区的多所高校建立了学术交流和校际协作关系。 The university is active in the international exchange and cooperation, and has conducted academic communications as well as cooperation with quite a few universities in the United States of America, Japan, France, Australia, Singapore and Hong Kong. 4/ 爱尔兰是一个伟大的国家，历史悠久，经济发达，文化灿烂。爱尔兰人民用自己的智慧