医学SCI论文结构解析与写作技巧.doc

医学SCI论文结构解析与写作技巧 1英文医学论文(medicalpapers)的定义 医学论文就其内容和文体特点而言科分为以下几种：医学科研论文(scientificpapers);调查报告(survey);综述(review);学位论文(theses) 2医学科研论文定义 国际生物学编辑委员会对医学科研论文的定义为：必须是首次公布的应提供足够的资料使同行们能够进行：评价所观察到的结果;评价其推理过程;重复实验分为以下2种： 丨临床研究(clinicalstudy) 丨基础研究或实验研究(experimentalstudy) 3医学科研论文的格式 丨标题(title) 丨摘要(abstract) 丨引言(introduction) 丨材料和方法(materialsandmethods) 丨结果(results) 丨讨论(discussion) 丨致谢(acknowledgement) 丨参考文献(references) 4标题 4.1要求 丨简明扼要(shortandconcise)：尽量控制在一行但不是一个句子;不超过25个单词或10个字母;除DNA、RNA、CT等不用缩写 丨信息丰富(informative) 丨便于索引(indexing) 丨较长标题可采用副标题 4.2标题写作中常用词组和表达方式 丨用(方法/手段)对进行研究/分析/观察/评价： 丨丨Study(analysis/observation/evaluation/assessment)of(on)by(using方法/with工具) 丨A对B的作用 丨丨EffortofAonB 丨丨Protectiveeffectofomeprazoleonendothelininducedgastricmucosalinjury 丨A与B的关系 丨丨Correlation(relation/relationship)betweenAandB 丨丨CorrelationofAwithBandC 丨丨常用修饰词：positively/negatively/significantly/insignificantly 丨用治疗 丨丨Useofinthetreatmentof(病)in(生物) 丨丨Useofomeprazoleinthetreatmentofgastriculcerintheelderly 丨A是B 丨丨AasB 5摘要 5.1摘要分类 摘要是作者要给读者的精华从内容上分两大类： 丨指示性摘要 丨资料性摘要 从结构分为三大类： 丨非结构式摘要 丨全结构式摘要 丨半结构式摘要 5.2非结构式摘要 丨缺点：段落不明给编辑、审稿、阅读和计算机处理带来诸多不便 5.3全结构式摘要 丨八要素摘要：目的设计地点对象处理主要测定项目结果结论 丨优点：观点更明确信息量更大;差错更少;符合计算机数据库建立和使用要求 丨缺点：烦琐、重复、篇幅过长 5.4半结构式摘要 即为四要素摘要： 丨目的(objective/purpose/aim) 丨方法(methods) 丨结果(results) 丨结论(conclusion) 6目的 目的是作者想要介绍的关键问题 6.1目的格式 丨单表目的 丨背景+目的 6.2目的常用时态 丨背景：现在时(一般现在时、完成时和进行时) 丨目的：一般现在时/现在完成时或一般过去时 举例1：Toevaluatetheeffectson24hourintragastricpHlevelsofinfusionswithomeprazoleandH2receptorantagonistsinbleedingduodenalulcerpatients. 举例2：TheroleofomeprazoleintripletherapyandtheimpactofHelicobacterpyloriresistanceontreatmentoutearenotestablished.ThisstudyinvestigatedtheroleofomeprazoleandinfluenceofprimaryH.pyloriresistanceoneradicationanddevelopmentofsecondaryresistance. 6.3介绍目的常用句型 主要用动词不定式to表达 丨直接用“todo短语”表达 举例：Todetermineifuseofomeprazoleprotectsagainstthegastricmucosalinjury 丨Thepurpose/aim/objective/goal(ofpresentstudyis)wasto 举例：Theaimofthisstudywastodeterminetheprotectivefunctionofomeprazoleongastricmucosalinjury. 丨Thepresentstudyis/wasdesigned/devised/intendedto 举例：Thepresentstudywasdesignedtoestablishwhethertheremightbeageneticpredispositiontoanalteredpatternofantiinflammatorycytokineproducedinpatientswithirritablebowelsyndrome. 丨Thisstudywasperformed/conducted/carriedout/undertakento 举例：Anexperimentalstudywasconductedusingacaninemodetoelucidate 丨Weaimed/soughtto/attemptedto 举例：Wesoughttoassesswhetherthereisanincreasedriskoftuberculosisamongindividualswhoworkincertainindustriesoccupations. 6.4介绍目的常用动词 丨研究：study,investigate,examine,observe,explore 举例：Ourobjectiveinthisreportistoexaminetheclinicalfeature,pathologyandtreatmentforpatientswithpancreaticcancer. 丨评价：evaluate,validate 举例：Toevaluatesonographyasatoolforinitialdiagnosisinemergencyroompatientswithabdominaltrauma. 丨确定：determine,decide,confirm,support,define,characterize 丨证实：prove,demonstrate,document,test,support,testify,verify 丨阐明、搞清：explain,elucidate,clarify,illustrate,delineate,findout,contributetotheknowledgeof 丨介绍：describe,present,report 丨建立：establish,develop,setout 丨寻找：searchfor,lookfor,seek,find 丨识别、区分：identify,differentiate,discriminate 丨优选：optimize 丨比较：pare 丨回顾：review 丨相关：correlateAwithB 7方法部分 丨研究设计 丨研究对象的特性 丨干预或处理方法 丨测定或观察方法 7.1研究对象的选择、来源及标准 丨纳入研究：wereenteredinto/enrolledin/selected(randomly) 举例：Atotalof169patientswereincludedinthestudy,83ofwhomreceived 丨排除或退出研究：wereexcludedfromparticipationwithdrewfromthestudydueto/becauseto 举例：Patientswithsignificantaorticvalvulardiseaseswereexcluded. 7.2研究对象的分组 丨weredividedinto/classified/groupedinto 丨weredividedrandomly/randomizedinto 丨weredividedequallyinto 举例：Patientsweredividedintothreegroups:Group1Patients(n=539)withahistoryofduodenalulcerandapositiveH.pyloriscreeningtestresultwererandomizedinto4groups.OACgroupreceived20mgomeprazole, 7.3年龄 丨某一年龄 举例：A50yearoldpatient.Patients(age263years). 丨在某年龄范围内及平均年龄 举例：Patientsrangeinagefromto,withameanof(50years). 丨在某一年龄以上或以下 举例：Patientsmorethan50years.Patientsunder/lessthan50years. 7.4性别、时间 丨性别 twelvepatients(7maleand5female) Themaletofemaleratiowas1:4 丨时间 Bodyweightwasmeasuredweekly,andliverbiopsywasobtainedat4,8and12weeks. 7.5诊断与治疗 丨诊断 bediagnosedashaving bediagnosedasby/with besuspectedas 丨治疗 betreatedwith(aloneorinbinationwith) betreatedonoutpatient/inpatientbasis 举例1：Patients(n=539)withahistoryofduodenalulcerandapositiveH.pyloriscreeningtestresultwererandomizedinto4groups.OACgroupreceived20mgomeprazole, 举例2：50patientswithactivebleedingduodenalulcerwererandomlyassignedtoreceiveoneofthefourtreatmentregimens. 8结果部分 丨是文章结论的根据 丨应记录的科研数据 丨除指示性说明外一般用过去时表示 常用句型 丨结果表明 丨丨Theresultsshowed/demonstrated/revealed/documented/indicated/suggestedthat; 丨丨Itwasfoundthat 举例：TheresultsshowedthathighthighcuffDopplertechniquewas79percentsensitive,56percentspecificand63percentaccurate. 丨与有关 Awasrelated/correlated/associatedwithB.Therewasarelationship/correlationbetweenAandB.TherewasarelationofAwithBandC 举例：Insulinsensitivityindexwasnegativelywithbloodvelocity(r=0.530,P0.05),bodymassindex(r=o.563,P0.01)andbaselineinsulinemia(r=0.489,P0.05). 举例2：SignificantdifferencewerenotnotedinthelevelofHDLcholesterol,andLDLpeakparticlediameterbeforeandaftertreatment. 9结论部分 是作者发表观点和见解给读者的精髓部分 丨归纳性说明研究结果或发现 丨结论性说明结果的可能原因、机理或意义 丨前瞻性说明未解决的问题 9.1结论部分时态 丨过去时 a.涉及本研究的内容 b.涉及他人研究过程的内容 c.作者认为只适用于本研究环境和条件的结论 丨现在时 a.指示性说明 b.普遍接受的思想、理论或结论 c.作者认为本研究结论具有普遍意义 d.前瞻性说明 举例：OurfindingsindicatethathepatitisCisaprogressivedisease指示性说明现在时butonlyafewdiedduringtheaverage20.4yearsaftertheinitiationofinjectiondruguse本试验过程中发生的事过去时.Antiviraltreatmenttoeradicatethevirusandhalttheprogressionofdiseasesisindicatedinthisgroupofpatients作者认为具有普遍意义的结论现在时. 9.2结论部分常用句型 丨结果提示 丨丨Theseresultssuggestthat 举例：ThesedataconfirmthepresenceofatleasttwomajorHCVgenotypesinNigeria. 丨结果支持或反对某种观点 丨丨Theseresultssupporttheideathat 丨丨Th