必修一Module+3+My+First+Ride+on+a+Train.doc

年级高一学科英语版本外研社版课程标题必修一Module 3 My First Ride on a Train编稿老师刘立群一校林卉二校黄楠审核刘晓军一、学习目标知识目标：学习本模块的词汇、短语和句型。能力目标：熟练认知、使用这些词汇、短语和句型，将其变成自己脱口而出的语言素材，在阅读完形题中能够认知，在书面表达中能够将其转化成基本的句子。特别是能用其谈论自己的一次旅游经历。二、重点、难点重点单词distance, abandoned, scenery, shoot, frighten, exhausted, event重点短语get on, take off, be short for, out of date, refer to, at a speed of重点句型1. Where do you think most of the people live, in the central part of the country or on the coast? 2. The Afghans and their camels did this until the 1920s.3. I remember the day my father tried to teach me how to ride a bicycle.4. What did you think of Los Angeles?一、重点单词【单词学习】 1. distance n. 距离【用法】 在句中作主语、表语和宾语。 【例句】It is a long distance from New York to Hong Kong. 纽约离香港很远。 【拓展】1) travel/cover a distance (of) 走的距离in the distance 在远处，在远方at a distance 有相当距离，不很近at a distance of 相距keep ones distance from 保持距离，疏远某人【例句】Her father advised her to keep her distance from that fellow. 她父亲劝她疏远那家伙。 2) distant adj. 遥远的、疏远的the distant past 久远的过去be distant towards/with sb.对某人冷淡be distant from离远【例句】Shes always very distant with Ann. 她对安妮总是很冷淡。 The sun is distant from the earth. 太阳距地球很远。 【考题链接】We could see nothing in the thick fog at a _ of two meters, so we got lost.A. length B. distance C. space D. way答案：B解题思路：句意：大雾天里，我们相距两米就什么也看不到，所以我们迷路了。at a distance of相距；length长度；space空间；way道路，方法都没有这个用法。 2. abandoned adj. 被放弃的【用法】（1）经常作前置定语，也可作表语。（2）是及物动词abandon的过去分词形式；和所修饰的单词之间是被动关系。【例句】The villagers found an abandoned baby by the roadside. 村民们在路边发现了一名弃婴。【拓展】abandon vt. 放弃，遗弃，抛弃，背弃（人，物，地位等） 中途停止，放弃（计划，习惯）abandon oneself to 沉湎于，放纵于abandon oneself to despair陷入绝望中abandon doing sth. 放弃做某事【例句】She abandoned herself to despair. 她陷入绝望之中。 【考题链接】Two days later my lost car was seen _ in the forest 200 miles away from the town I live. A. abandoning B. having abandoned C. abandonedD. being abandoned 答案：C解题思路：句意：两天后，我丢失的汽车被看到遗弃在离我居住的城镇200里远的森林里。my lost car和abandon之间是被动关系；可以排除A和B；从句意看汽车已经被遗弃而不是正在被遗弃，所以正确答案是C。 3. scenery n.U风景, 景色【用法】不可数名词，尤指美丽的乡间景色。【例句】I like the beautiful scenery and the friendly people here.我喜欢这里优美的风光和友善的人们。The scenery there is far beyond description. 那儿的风景之优美难以用笔墨形容。【辨析】scenery泛指某地总的自然风景或景色，尤指美丽的乡间景色，不可数。scene指展现在眼前的风景，景色，景象。表示某一幕景象，特别表示有人活动于其间的某种景象。view常指从远处或高处看到的scenery的一部分，侧重于看到的是在视野之内的实物，强调“视野，视线”。sight既可以指场景、眼前看到的景观，又可以指名胜、风景，只是在表示后者的含义时，必须要用复数。还可指视力、视野。【考题链接】When we climbed to the top of the mountain, we had a good _ of the whole city. A. sceneryB. sceneC. viewD. sight答案：C解题思路：本题考查词汇辨析。句意：当我们爬上山顶，我们就能很好的看到整个城市的风景。view常指从远处或高处看到的scenery的一部分，侧重于看到的或在视野之内的实物，强调“视野，视线”。scene指的是事件发生的场景。sight指风景，景色，视野。 4. shoot v. 射击，射中; 拍摄【用法】过去式和过去分词都是shot常用于以下搭配：shoot sb. 射中某人 shoot sb. in the leg/head射中某人的腿部/头部shoot at sb. 向某人瞄准，朝某人开枪shoot a picture/film 拍摄一张照片/一部电影【例句】He shot at the bird, but missed it. 他对着鸟开枪，但没打中。The film was shot in black and white. 这部电影拍成了黑白片。【考题链接】 _ the birds, the hunter must keep his heart. A. To shoot B. Shooting at C. Shot D. Being shoot答案：A解题思路：句意：为了射中鸟，猎手必须保持冷静。shoot射中；shoot at向开枪；此句中用动词不定式表示目的。 5. frighten vt. 使吃惊；惊吓【用法】1）作及物动词；直接接人或物作宾语。2）frightened adj. 受惊的；害怕的该词常用于描述人的特征、状况；frightening adj. 令人恐惧的常用于描述事物的特点。【例句】 What frightens me most in the life is a snake. 生活中最令我害怕的是蛇。 The snake is frightening. 蛇是令人害怕的。 I am frightened of the snake.我怕蛇。【拓展】frighten sb./ sth. away/ off 把某人（物）吓走 frighten sb. into /out of doing sth. 吓唬某人做/不做某事be frightened of 害怕be frightened to do sth. 吓得不敢做某事be frightened to death 吓得要死【例句】“I frighten them to death,” she says.“我把他们吓得要死。”她说。He tried to shout. As a result, it frightened away pigeons.他尽力地大喊。结果把鸽子吓走了。【考题链接】The _ news made all of them _ to death. A. frightening; frightenedB. frightened; frightening C. frightened; frightenedD. frightening; frightening答案：A解题思路：句意：这个吓人的消息使他们都吓得要死。frightening令人恐惧的；frightened（某人）恐惧的。故A项正确。 6. exhausted adj. 耗尽的,用完的; 精疲力竭的【用法】在句中常作表语，有时也可作状语，描述状态。【例句】 All three men were hot, dirty, and exhausted. 三个人都是又热、又脏且精疲力竭。I cant go farther. Im exhausted.我不能再往前走了，我已经精疲力竭了。【拓展】 exhaust vt. 用完，耗尽；使筋疲力尽exhausting adj. 使耗尽的；使人筋疲力尽的exhaustion n. 耗尽；枯竭；筋疲力尽【例句】 When work is already exhausting you, finding the motivation to do one more thing seems impossible. 当工作已经使你疲惫不堪，再有动力做别的事情似乎是不太可能的了。【考题链接】After his journey from abroad, Richard Jones returned home, _.A. exhausting B. exhausted C. being exhausted D. having exhausted答案：B解题思路：句意：从国外旅行回来，理查德琼斯回到家，很疲惫。设空处所填单词描述主语（Richard Jones ）的状态，所以选B（exhausted）。而A是描述事件的。因为像exhausted、exhausting这类单词已经形容词化，不能从动作的主动、被动去理解，所以C和D是不正确的。7. event n. 事件，运动项目 【例句】Winning the scholarship was a great event in the boys life.赢得这项奖学金是这个男孩一生中的一件大事。He entered field and track events. 他参加了田径赛。【辨析】event 特别指事件，大事，比赛项目incident 事情，小事件，事变，突发事件accident 意外，事故（尤指灾难）affair 事务，事件，私事【考题链接】Mr. Smith came to China not to go sightseeing but to see to some personal _.A. events B. affairs C. incidents D. accidents答案：B解题思路：句意：史密斯先生到中国不是来旅游的，而是来处理一些个人事情。affair主要指个人的私事。event重大事件；incident小事件，或事变；accident指的是意外事故。【即学即练】1. He got lost in a(n) _ village and he could not ask anybody for help. A. peaceful B. attractive C. ordinary D. abandoned答案：D 解题思路：本题考查形容词辨析。句意：他在一个废弃的村庄迷路了，也不能找人帮忙。peaceful和平的；attractive有吸引力的；ordinary普通的；abandoned废弃的。 2. It is said that the mountain is more beautiful _. A. in the distance B. in a distance C. at the distance D. within a distance 答案：A 解题思路：句意：据说此山从远处看更美丽。in the distance在远处。within a distance后要加of，意为在距离之内，没有B、C两项的说法。 3. There is a _ look on her face. She must have seen something horrible.A. frightening B. fright C. frightened D. frighten 答案：C 解题思路：句意：她脸上显出了恐惧的表情。她一定是看到了一些可怕的事情。frightening令人害怕的（描述事物）；fright是动词，意为“使惊吓”；frightened惊恐的（描述人）；frighten是动词，意为“使惊恐”。 4. The lost of 100 lives in the aircraft crash was a great _.A. incident B. event C. affair D. disaster答案：D解题思路：句意：在空难中，100个人丧失生命是个很大的灾难。incident小事情，事变；event重大事情；affair主要指小事情；disaster灾难。 5. Wed better not leave until the play ends, for the last _ of the play is very important. A. scene B. sight C. scenery D. view 答案：A解题思路：本题考查词语辨析。句意：我们最好等到比赛结束再离开，因为比赛最后的场面很重要。scene场景，现场；sight视力，景色；scenery风景，景色；view视野。6. When he finished the 1,500-metre race, he was out of breath, _.A. exhaustedB. exhausting C. tiring D. relaxed答案：A解题思路：句意：当他跑完1,500米的时候，他上气不接下气的，累坏了。exhausted精疲力尽的；exhausting使人精疲力尽的；tiring累人的，无聊的；relaxed放松的，清闲的。7. Look! The children _ the birds with slingshot. A. are shooting at B. are shooting C. shoot at D. shoot答案：A 解题思路：句意：看！那些孩子正用弹弓向鸟射击。shoot at 向射击，由look可知动作正在发生，所以用现在进行时态。二、重点短语【短语学习】 1. refer to 涉及；参考；适用于；指的是【用法】to为介词，后接名词，代词等【例句】His speech will refer to the use of the computers in the office. 他的讲话将涉及办公室电脑的使用。It is not necessary to refer to the dictionary every time you come across a new word. 没必要每遇到一个生词就去查阅字典。He is not referring to you. 他不是在指你。【拓展】refer toas把称为He is referred to as the most popular teacher in the school. 他被称作学校最受欢迎的老师。【辨析】refer to/look up1）refer to 后接的是dictionary, book, map等名词作宾语，如：refer to a note 参考笔记。2）look up后接的则是要查找的具体内容，如：look up a word/a telephone number/ones home address等。【考题链接】It was foolish of him to _ his notes during that important exam, and as a result, he got punished.A. stick to B. refer to C. keep to D. point to答案：B解题思路：句意：在考试期间参考笔记是很愚蠢的，结果他受到了惩罚。stick to坚持；refer to涉及，参考；keep to坚持，保守；point to指向，表明 2. take off 脱掉; 起飞; 动身离开【用法】off可作介词，也可作副词。【例句】It is warm in the room. Youd better take off your coat. 房间里很暖和，你最好把外套脱掉。The flight you are taking is taking off in 15 minutes. 你乘坐的航班将在15分钟后起飞。The man took off for Shanghai this morning. 这名男子今天早晨一大早就匆匆动身到上海去了。【拓展】 take的相关短语take away拿走; 夺走take in 吸收，理解，欺骗 take over 接管，接替take on 呈现，雇用 take down 记下，写下take up 拿起，开始从事【考题链接】Ladies and gentlemen, please fasten your seat belts. The plane _ in five minutes.A. is about to take off B. is taking offC. takes off D. was taking off答案：B 解题思路：句意：女士们、先生们，请系好安全带。飞机5分钟后起飞。take, come, go, arrive, get, leave等词可以用进行时和一般现在时表示将来，进行时表示即将要发生，而一般现在时表示按时间表进行，不可更改。3. get on 登上（火车，汽车，飞机等）；骑上（马，自行车等）；进展；相处【用法】on可作介词，也可作副词【例句】All the passengers shall get on the flight 20 minutes earlier before the leaving time. 所有乘客都要在起飞前20分钟登机。Everything is getting on very well.一切进展均十分顺利。He didnt get on well with his classmates. 他和同学们相处得不好。【拓展】含get的常见短语：get up 起床，筹备；打扮 get in 进入；到达；收获 get into 进入；习惯于 get back 回来；恢复；取回；重新上台 get out of 从出来，逃避 get off 动身；从下来get through 通过；到达；做完；接通电话 get away 离开；逃脱；出发 get from 从处得到 【考题链接】 Mary got _ the bus, got _ a car and then disappeared _ the distance. A. off; on; at B. out of; into; in C. off; into; in D. out of; on; in 答案：C 解题思路：考查词组辨析。句意：玛丽下了公交车，上了小汽车然后就消失在远处。get on/off上或下（公共汽车、火车等）；get into/out of 上或下（小汽车等）；in the distance在远处。 4. short for 是的缩略，是的简称【例句】Nowadays PC is short for personal computers.现在PC是personal computers的缩写。【拓展】be short of 缺乏 for short 简称，简写(放在句末，其后不接成分)in short 简而言之，总之(= in brief) in the short term/run 在短期内 short cut 捷径【例句】Finally we know what it is like to be short of things.我们终于知道物资短缺是什么意思了。【考题链接】 Do you know what WTO is short _?A. ofB. forC. toD. with答案：B 解题思路：句意：你知道WTO是什么的缩写吗？be short for是的缩写，为固定搭配。5. out of date 过时的，过期的，废弃的【例句】The dresses on show are out of date. 展出的服装都过时了。【拓展】up to date时兴的 have a date with sb. 与某人有约date back to = date from 追溯到（此短语多用于一般现在时，不用于被动语态）【例句】The traditional friendship between our two peoples dates back to ancient days.我们两国人民之间的传统友谊可追溯到遥远的过去。【考题链接】 “Oh, mum, my dress is rather _. Could you buy me a new one in style?” Jenny begged her mother. A. out of date B. up to date C. out of season D. out of balance答案：A 解题思路：句意：珍妮恳求她的妈妈：“妈妈，我的裙子太过时了。你能不能给我买条新款的啊？”out of date过时的，不时髦的；up to date时兴的；out of season过时，不合时机；out of balance失去平衡6. at a speed of 以的速度【例句】The car is running at a speed of 60 miles an hour. 汽车正以每小时六十英里的速度行驶。【拓展】1）speed与at搭配（speed前多有a/the修饰）at a /the speed of 以的速度at a high/low speed 以高速/低速at (the) top /full speed 以最高速度2）speed与with搭配（speed前没有a/the修饰）with all (great) speed 以全速，开足马力with amazing speed以神奇的速度with lightning speed 以闪电般的速度with high speed 高速3）speed up 加速speed by (指时间)飞逝【例句】The news has sped up the mothers recovery. 这一消息加速了这位母亲康复的过程。【考题链接】 Traveling _ over 400 kilometers per hour, the train can complete the 30-kilometre journey in eight minutes.A. with the speed B. in a speed C. at a speed of D. for a speed答案：C解题思路：本题考查固定词组at a speed of 以的速度【即学即练】 1. Ive bought an English dictionary which you can _ if you meet new words.A. get to B. come to C. refer to D. look up 答案：C 解题思路：句意：如果你遇到生词，你能用我买的英语词典查查。get to到达；come to想起，共计；refer to涉及，参考，查阅；look up查阅（后接要查的单词，不直接接词典等）。2. As we all know, UN is _ the United Nations. A. short for B. made of C. named after D. short of答案：A解题思路：本题考查固定搭配。句意：众所周知，“UN”是“the United Nations”的缩写。be short for是的缩写；be made of由组成；be named after被命名为；be short of缺乏。3. Its hot here. Why not _ your coat?A. put on B. dress up C. try on D. take off答案：D解题思路：本题考查词组辨析。句意：这里很热。为什么不脱下你的外套呢？put on穿上；dress up化妆；try on试穿；take off脱下。4. Sometimes Mr. Wang would like to get into the countryside and _ the noise, the dirt and people in the city.A. get off B. get out C. get onD. get away from答案：D 解题思路：句意：有时王先生喜欢去农村摆脱城市的喧闹、污垢和人群。get off从下来，动身；get out出来；get on上车；get away from脱离。5. They are broadening the bridge to_ the flow of traffic.A. put off B. speed up C. turn on D. work out答案：B解题思路：句意：他们正在加宽这座桥，为的是加速交通的流量。put off推迟；speed up加速；turn on 打开；work out解决。 6. This kind of color is _ now. A. out of date B. from date C. in date D. on date答案：A解题思路：句意：这种颜色现在已过时。考查固定搭配：out of date过时。三、重点句型【句型学习】 1. Where do you think most of the people live, in the central part of the country or on the coast? 你认为这个国家的大部分人是住在中部还是沿海？【句析】该句式为：疑问词+ do you think+陈述句结构。其中do you think是插入语，后面接的句子是陈述语序。【例句】What do you think we should do? 你认为我们应做什么？【拓展】1）插入语一般对一句话作一些附加的说明。通常与句中其它部分没有语法上的联系，将它删掉之后，句子结构仍然完整。2）一般的插入语有：I think, I believe, I know，I suppose，I hope，Im afraid，you see，do you think，do you suppose, do you suggest, do you believe, do you imagine等，如果是特殊疑问句要将疑问词提到句首，而其后的部分要用陈述句语序。类似于to be honest，to be sure，to tell you the truth等形式的插入语则放在句首。【例句】To be honest, I was surprised he knew where I was, we moved so often.说实话，我感到惊讶的是他知道我在哪里，我们搬家搬得这么勤。You are right，I think. 我认为你是对的。【考题链接】_ he left here? A. Do you think when B. When do you thinkC. Do you think how long D. How long do you think答案：B解题思路: 本题考查插入语。句意：你认为他是什么时候离开这儿的？leave是短暂性动词，不能和一段时间连用，所以不能选how long可排除C、D两项。在特殊疑问句中，插入语要放在疑问词之后，故选B项。 2. The Afghans and their camels did this until the 1920s.直到20世纪20年代，阿富汗人和他们的骆驼还在做着这样的工作。【句析】 until prep. & conj. 直到时,到为止, 直到(才)；上句中的until是介词，但常用作连词且其前句中的动词必须是延续性动词。【例句】I have been waiting for you until you come. 你来之前我一直在等你。【拓展】1) until用于肯定句中，译为“直到为止”，主句的谓语动词必须是持续性动词，如live, wait, last, love, like, stay, work, continue等。Continue in this direction until you see a sign. 一直朝这个方向走，就会看到指示牌了。2) until 用于否定句中译为“直到才”，主句的谓语动词可为延续或非延续性动词，从句的动作先发生，主句动作后发生。I wont go to bed until my mother comes back. 直到妈妈回来我才会睡觉。 3) not until 用于强调句中。It was not until he came back that I went to sleep. 直到他回来我才睡觉。4) not until 置于句首，主句倒装。Not until eleven oclock did we get home.我们直到十一点才回家。 【考题链接】I knew nothing about the matter _ he told me yesterday.A. after B. later C. but D. until答案：D解题思路：句意：直到他昨天告诉我，我才知道这件事。固定句式：notuntil直到才3. I remember the day my father tried to teach me how to ride a bicycle. 我记得我父亲教我骑自行车的那天。【句析】how to ride a bicycle是“疑问词+不定式”的结构，在句中作teach（动词）的宾语。【例句】I dont know what to do next. 我不知道下一步做什么。【拓展】“疑问词+不定式”构成的短语在句中当“名词”用，能够作主语、宾语、表语及宾语补足语，并可以写成相应的从句。I am not sure how to behave at the dinner table. = I am not sure how I should behave at the dinner table. 对餐桌礼仪，我心中没底儿。这种结构中，疑问代词须接及物动词或相当于及物动词的短语(who, which除外)【误】I dont know what to talk.【正】I dont know what to talk about.但可以说：We havent decided who (which) to go. 我们还没定谁(哪个)去。这种结构中的疑问副词后可直接接不及物动词；若接及物动词, 要有动词的宾语。I dont know how to talk. 我不知如何谈。I dont know how to punish him. 我不知道该如何惩罚他。【考题链接】I have no idea when _ her the bad news. A. will tell B. telling C. tell D. to tell 答案：D解题思路：句意：我不知道什么时候告诉她这个坏消息。从句意来看，用不定式表示将要发生的动作；“when+不定式的复合结构”作同位语。4. What did you think of Los Angeles? 你觉得洛杉矶怎么样？【句析】What do/did you think of sb./sth.为评价型句式结构，说明说话者对人或事物的态度或看法，意为“你认为某人/物怎么样/如何？”【例句】What do you think of the American movie Avatar? 你觉得美国电影阿凡达如何？【拓展】英语中经常用于对人或事物进行评价的另外几个基本句式结构：1）How do/did you like ?2）How do/did you find ?3）How do you feel about?4）How about/What about? 在句子中常用来询问情况或征求建议。【考题链接】 How did you find your visit to Qingdao？ _. A. Oh, wonderful indeed B. I went there alone C. First by train and then by ship D. A guide showed me the way答案：A 解题思路：上句句意：你这次去青岛旅行怎么样啊？下文应该回答对旅行的评价。A真好。而B、C和D是回答的如何去的，不符合题意。【即学即练】1. What do you think of being a teacher, Bob? A. I find it fun and challenging. B. Being a teacher is a bad job.C. I want to be a doctor. D. I dont like it. 答案：A解题思路：What do you think of sth./sb.? 对某物或某人的评价是什么？A 项意为：我发现很有趣且很具挑战性，符合题意而其他三项不符合。2. A lot of animals we need for food have to spend their whole lives in tiny spaces _ theyre killed.A. unlessB. onceC. untilD. when答案：C 解题思路：句意：我们需要用来做食物的动物直到被处理掉不得不一直生活在极小的地方。unless除非，如果不；once一旦；until直到为止；when当的时候3. _ is not decided yet. A. When to build a new power stationB. When building a new power stationC. When will build a new power stationD. When a new power station build答案：A 解题思路：句意：什么时候建电站还不确定。“疑问代词+不定式”作主语表示将要发生的动作。4. When do you think _come back? I dont know. He _with trouble in his business the other day. A. will he, met B. he will, has met C. he will, met D. will he, meets答案：C解题思路：句意：你认为他什么时候回来？我不知道。他前几天生意上遇到了麻烦。第一个空中，因为有插入语do you think，后面的句子应用陈述语序；且the other day “前几天”是过去的时间，第二个空应用过去式。必修一Module 4 A Social SurveyMy Neighbourhood一、预习新知1. 单词：你知道以下单词的词性和意思吗？survey_,attractive_,fortunate_,bother_,approach_, starve _,unemployed _,exchange_,afford_, survive _, contact_2. 短语：结合课文，找出下列短语的含义 put up _, so far_, up to now _ ,get away from_, a number of _, go up _ 3. 句型： 1）Its been six years since we last saw each other. 本句结构为: It has been+ + since从句，表示： 。 2) This is one of the most attractive places I have been to. 结构：one of +the + +名词 ，表示_。I have been to是 从句，省略了关系代词 。 3) The countryside would be a sadder and uglier place without them. 本句使用了 语气, without them相当于 。二、预习点拨思考问题一：Its been six years since we last saw each other. 和It will be six years before we see each other again.的区别。思考问题二：