改错专项解和训练 （1）.doc

改错专项讲解和训练 （1）一、名词1. 名词考察点：1. 分清可数名词与不可数名词， 可数名词有单、复数形式。不可数名词没有复数形式。2. 熟记可数名词的复数形式变化及常用的不可数名词。3 注意可数名词在句子中用法，要么在其前加a、 an、 the，要么用他的复数形式。4 不能混淆修饰可数名词的词与修饰不可数名词的词， ( few 、 a few 、many 、a number of ) （ litter 、a little、much、an amount of 、a great deal of ）. 两者均可（some、any、a lot of、 plenty of、a quantity of、 masses of ）5 注意固定搭配中的单复数形式。6 并列结构中的单、复数形式。7 集体名词cattle （牛）、 militia （民兵）、 police（警察）在句子中做主语时，谓语动词常用复数形式。2. 名词的错误规律和改正方法（1）根据句意确定单复数例： She said she and my schoolmate all wished me success.（2）根据名词前的修饰语确定单复数例：)No one worries much about the radio program young people listen to, although radios can be very noise.（3）根据主谓一致确定单复数例：There are branch library in many villages.（1）Theirwordwereagreatencouragementtome.85._（2）thatwasadinnerwehadwaitedforseveralmonth.85._ （3）afewminuteontheInternet.77._（4）Butoneandahalfyearlater.79._（5）Thereareadvantageforstudentstowork.76._ （6）On the way up I was busy taking picture. （7）Their word were a great encouragement to me. 练习：1) My parents want me to devote all my time to my studies so that Ill get good marks in all my subject2) I once worked as night guard in a factory.3) What a beautiful weather we are having recently !4) More cattles have been raised on that farm since then.5) If there are much more people in the world, there must be more food to feed people.6) A little yards away stood an enemy with a gun in his hand.7) Now Susan is paying visit to Henrys family in Sydney.8) My husband went to a tailors shop and had a pair of new trousers made.9) Please give my best regard to your family.10) Today if you go on board the ship or the plane, you will see signs and notice that will give you some useful information and warnings.11) We should make good use of sea resource.12) He likes to read short story.13) His brother went to Beijing yesterday. They are coming back next week.14) I like to read magazine with pictures in them.15) There are many wonderful flower in this garden.16) Her job is to raise pig.17) His friend I think are all kind to him.18) He gave me some advices on how to learn English well.19) A good many of the book on the book shelf are newly published.二、动词 1、动词考察点： 看句子结构。英语中每个句子都有谓语，并且由动词来担任，所以不能没有谓语或把其他词性看作动词作谓语也不能把动词看作其他词性。 时态。 特别注意动词的过去时、过去分词的拼写 语态。 英语中有两种语态。主动语态与被动语态。不及物动词没有被动语态须记住：take place , happen , occur, break out, break forth, fall, rise, die, lie, appear 一致。包括与前面主语人称和数的一致以及几个动词的结构一致。（since、if、unless、 as soon as、when） 正确的选用非谓语动词。 不能错用动词。其中有一条是根据上下文的逻辑关系将这个动词改为他的反义词， 如：go , arrive, open, borrow , take, sell 依次改为 come, leave, close. Lend (return) , bring (give) , buy. 7, 注意固定搭配。2、动词时态的错误规律和改正方法解题时考生应借助于特定语境、特定时间状语或特定时态的提示，正确调整时态。(1)根据时态环境确定动词时态例1：I am happy with any programme but the others spent a lot of time arguing.例2：They did not want me to do any work at home；they want me to devote all my time to my studies.例3：The time passes quickly when I remembered the days when we spent our holidays in the city。(2)根据时间状语确定时态例4：Last Sunday, police cars hurry to the tallest building in New York.例5：Today it is much easier to be healthy than it is in the past.(3)根据句意及逻辑关系确定时态例6：Hello. I learn about you from my English teacher，Miss Fang.例7：I use to play Ping-Pong a lot in my spare time，but now I am interested in football.(4)根据连词的对称性原则确定时态（1）Shelikeditverymuchandreadsittotheclass.Allsaidthestorywas.（2）AtonceIapologizeandcontrolledmyself.（3）Sometimes,wetalkedtoeachotherverywellinclass,. （4）Iwillwriteagainandsendyouthephotoswetaketogether.（5）Thereareadvantagesforboytoworkwhilestudyingatschool.Oneofthemwasthattheycanearnmoney.（6）WenamedhimJackandkeephimforaboutthreeyears.（7）Playing football not only makes us grow up tall but also give us a sense of fair play and team spirit.（8）I remembered her words and calm down.3、语态的错误规律和改正方法考生应根据句意分析主语和动作的“执行”与“承受”关系，从而使用正确的语态。语态的错误主要是该用被动语态时却用了主动语态：例1： Charles and Linda were seeing near the top of the building.例2： The librarian will write to you，and 1et you know when the book you want has returned. I remembered her words and calm down. Today it is much easier to be healthy than it is in the past. Play football makes us grow up tall and strong. They will do all they can make sure that I get a good education. 4、主谓语一致错误规律和改正方法解题时考生应认真分析主语的单复数，正确地使用动词：例1：Anyone may borrow books，and it cost nothing to borrow them.例2：Now my picture and the prize is hanging in the 1ibrary.5、缺少动词的错误规律和改正方法 动词缺少的现象一般出现在形容词或名词的前面，缺少的常常是系动词be。例1：I would like to your pen friend. 例2：What your favorite sport? 6、.非谓语动词的错误规律和改正方法(1）根据动词的基本用法确定错误：例1： The 1ibrarian will write to you，and 1et you to know when the book you want has been returned.当两个动词相连时，要特别注意检查后一个动词是否正确：例2：I had always wanted return to the village after moving away.(2）根据非谓语动词在句子中的成分确定错误例3：They will do all they can make sure that I get a good education.当动词出现在句首时，要认真分析这个句子是否是祈使句，如果不是，这个动词就可能用法错误：例4：Play football makes us grow up tall and strong.例5：I was often a little tired after a days work and watch TV demands very little effort.注意介词后面的动词，介词后一般接动名词作宾语：例6：I want to thank you again for have me in your home for the summer holidays.(3)根据连词的平行关系确定错误 例7：Ill spend all the whole weekend reading and prepare for it.练习：1, Id like to your pen friend.2, Did he absent from the last meeting?3. The blind man acrossed the street with great difficulty.4. It was four days since Mother received an operation.5, Her name stands for the most wonderful dancing the world had ever seen.6. Robert and Mary have married for a few weeks.7, She was done the washing for the family when her younger son came and asked for some sweets.8. Between the trees stand a stranger.9. Ill spend the whole weekend reading and prepare for the coming examination.10, He got to the river, sitting to the bank and began to fish.11, Last Sunday morning Mr Wang left home go fishing.12, Tonight well have a party. Please come taking your musical instruments.13, Its so cold here. Would you please keep the door open ?14. They won us at the football game last week.15. It will make you good to have outdoor exercise.16. Having their diner， and they began to watch TV。17. He seems to be a bright student， isnt he?18. The teacher with many students have gone to his exhibition.19. She stopped cry and told me what had happened.20. I have no clean clothes and have to have the dirty clothes washing.三、形容词和副词 1、 形容词和副词考察点：1、分清形容词和副词，比如某些以-ly结尾的词是形容词而不是形容词：friendly ,lively, lovely, lonely, likely, deadly, silly, orderly, timely等。2, 选择选择形容词和副词， 注意两者不同的作用： 形容词修饰名词， 作定语，置于系动词后。 作表语：还常作一些动词的宾补。副词修饰动词、形容词、其他副词、全句或名词词组及介词，作状语。3, 注意形容词和副词的一些特殊情况。比如：ill , content, afraid, alike, alive, alone, asleep, awake, worth等表语形容词。它们只作表语。不作定语。并有固定的副词来修饰。比如：well content, all/ very much alone, sound/ fast asleep, wide awake, well worth等。有些副词有两种形式， 一个与形容词同行， 一个以形容词加ly 构成，但它们有不同的含义。Close/ closely, free/ freely, high/ highly, wide/widely ,deep/ deeply, hard /hardly, most/ mostly.4, 要分清不同类的“级“。以免混淆。5, 区别修饰各“级”的副词。2、.形容词和副词的错误规律和改正方法（1）根据形容词或副词的基本用法确定错误这类错误主要为形容词与副词混用错误，解题时应把握形容词与副词的用法区别开来：修饰联系动词或名词用形容词；修饰行为动词、形容词、过去分词及整个句子用副词。例1：Im sure well have a wonderfully time together.例2： Unfortunate, there are too many people in my fami1y.（2）根据形容词或副词的比较级的用法确定错误例3： As a result, people in the modern world generally live much more longer than people in the past.（3）根据句意确定错误例4：First, let me tell you something more about myself.（4）根据习惯用法确定错误例5：Now I cant watch much television but a few years ago I used to watch it every night.I would describe myself as shy and quietly. She called 119 immediate. 练习：1) The football match will be broadcast lively TV.2) Most of the teachers give us talks friendly.3) They laughed, told jokes about each other, and seemed quite comfortably.4) If we dont careful protect our environment, the last drop of water will be our own tears.5) This book is very worth reading again.6) Can you make it clearly what we should do next ?7) people in Arab countries like standing closely to one another when they are talking.8) Following the customs will help make your stay in a foreign country very easier and more comfortable.9) People here do not shake hands as more as we do in china.10) Dolphins are very much clever animals as is known to us all.11) Having lived in Shanghai for many years, he knew the city very much.12) Nothing else seemed very practically to me when I entered to college.四、代词 1、代词考察点：1、人称代词应注意：（1）不能错用格，（2）上下文单、复数一致，（3）上下文阴阳性一致 2、指示代词应注意（1）this , that 表示单数 these ,those 表示复数 （2）this ,that 可作副词用，意思相当于so; (3) such, same 多用于固定结构， 例如：suchas/ that, the same as/ that.3、代词不能跟关系副词混淆。4、记常用的不定代词，如：one, all, both /either/ neither each many much little few other another something anything nothing。 并注意以下几点： 1） 这些词的本身不同的词义，2）若在定从中作先行词时， 关系代词是that 。 3）something ,anything, nothing 常作单数， 代词用it .修饰它们的形容词应后置。2、代词的错误规律和改正方法解题时考生应细心分析每个动作的执行者，从而准确确定人称代词。（1）根据主语确定错误例1：The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home.例2：And they must not break the rules too often if we want to win the game.（2)根据句意确定错误例3：The day before the speech contest (比赛)English teacher talked to me.（3）根据代词的基本用法确定错误例4：And I cant forget the good food you cooked for I.I have a good friend whos name is Liu Mei. We have to do the washing, cleaning and shopping by us. （1）Andeveryyearmoreandmorepeoplestartastampcollectionofyourown.78._ （2）Youhavetobefriendswithyourpupilsandtakegoodcareofhim.83._ （3）Somestudentsmayalsosaveupforourcollegeorfutureuse.85._（4）Weoftenplayatrickonhimself. 79._练习：1. His book is quite different from me.2. The Dead Sea is really a large lake. It s surface has an area of over one thousand squared kilometers.3. To make themselves look shortnecked and bigw