高考改错错误分析.doc

短文改错错误分析及知识拓宽纵观近几年高考短文改错，不难发现其设疑方式比较固定：正确为一个，多词和缺词共计3个，错词为6个，其比例为1：3：6。一、 短文改错中的非谓语动词的错误。 非谓语动词错误主要有以下几种：不定式运用错误。该种错误集中在不定式作宾补带不带to.不定式作主语、宾语、表语和作状语等方面。现在分词与过去分词使用错误。错误主要表现在与谓语动词的混淆。主动与被动的混淆。正在进行的动作与完成的动作的混淆。动名词作主语、宾语和表语的使用错误。1. the librarian will write to you, and let you to know when the book you want has been returned.2. I had always wanted return to the village after moving away3. and other organizations are working improve health all over the world. 4. He was surprising to see the result of the test. 5. you pay the cost of send a postcard,6. Play football not only makes us grow up tall and strong7. Most people expect their electing officials to be honest. 8. I look forward to hear you soon. 9. Ill spend the whole weekend reading and prepare for it. 10. After learn the basics of the subject, nothing else seemed very practical to me.11. After an hour or so, we began to feel very frightening.二、 短文改错中的介词、名词、冠词错误1介词词形错误：介词的使用很复杂。错用：下列介词就很容易混淆：after/ in; below/under; on/above/over; across/ through; except/besides; with/in等。多用，时间状语的名词短语前多了介词。Last night, next week, this year, one day, three times 等名词词组直接充当时间状语，前面不用介词。有些动词在汉语中是不及物动词，在英语中却是及物动词，由于受汉语影响，可能多一个介词。Marry with sb. Serve for the people.有些表示地点的副词，其意义中已包含to, 如果再加to，则多余。On the way to there, return to home, go to upstairs, go to abroad。 有些副词或介词词组后加另一个介词，构成复合介词，若后面没有介词宾语，介词则多余。同样，有些动词短语是动词+介词结构，若后面没有介词宾语，介词则多余。If you wont go, Ill go instead of. She listened to but heard nothing. 有些动词或形容词后面接名词或代词时，必须加一个介词，但接从句时，必须去掉介词。I never knew about a ride down a river could be so exciting. I am sorry for that he wont come. 漏用。改错题对介词的考查，重点是一些固定搭配，因此，同学们在学习和复习中应牢记一些固定搭配。When I have free time, I go a long walk (go 后加for).在短文改错中名词测试的重点为： 分清可数名词与不可数名词，可数名词有单复数形式，不可数名词没有复数形式。 要熟记可数名词的复数形式变化以及常用的不可数名词 注意可数名词在句中的用法，要么在其中、前加a, an, the 要么用它的复数形式。 名词的格。要特别注意不规则名词的所有格 （the childrens ） 不能混淆修饰可数名词的词与修饰不可数名词的词。（只能修饰可数名词的有：few, a few, many, a number of,只能修饰不可数名词的有：little, a little, much, an amount of, a great deal of, 两者都可修饰的有：some, any, a lot of, plenty of, a quantity of, masses of ） 注意固定搭配中的复数形式。 并列结构中单、复数应一致。冠词的专查点为： 缺冠词：单数可数名词前加不定冠词表泛指，加定冠词表特指。 在so +形容词 +可数名词单数 结构中，名词前不能缺a/an。 Little, few 表肯定时，前面不能缺 a 。每隔几分钟要用every few minutes。 有些不可数名词（如metal, beauty, iron, tea, coffee, ice, youth, pleasure, success, failure 等）表示“一种，一个，一杯， 一场，一阵”时 应加上a/ an。 The +姓氏复数表示“一家人”the 不能省。 表示两者之中更时，比较级前要加the (He is the taller of the two boys.)。 在句中可数名词不可单独使用，前面应有限定词，如his, that, Toms, the, a ,an 多冠词：不可数名词表泛指时不用冠词。与by 连用的交通工具及air, land, sea 等名词前不用冠词。 球类运动、棋类游戏等不用冠词。 Most 作非常j解释时，前面不用定冠词（She is most pretty）. as, though 引导让步状语从句，构成倒装结构，前置的名词不用任何冠词 (Child as he is, he knows a lot)1. Also, the sport teaches us the important of obedience. 2. It is necessary that a person drink several glasses of the water daily if he wishes to remain healthy.3. Well never forger a day when my classmates and I paid a visit4. More and more women are working like workers, farmers5. Can you tell me about what I should do?6. I went through the test for many times.7. You can find all kinds information in just76. _a few minute on the Internet.77. _8. Sometimes, we talked to each other 82._very well in class, but after class we become stranger at once. 83_9. The airport bus leaves every 30 minute .10. They make their lives 77._by collecting and selling used thing. Their children cannot go to school 78. _11. Nowadays millions of people of all age take pleasure in ahobby which is both interesting and fun.12. My grandma was the best cooker in the world13. She was doing her homeworks one Sunday morning when she smelt something burning.14. My parents want me to devote all my time to my studies so that Ill get good marks in all my subject.15. I once worked as night guard in a factory. 16. What a beautiful weather we are having recently!17. More cattles have been raised on that farm since then. 18. If there are much more people in the world, there must be more food to feed people. 19. A little yards away stood an enemy with a gun in his hand. 20. Now Susan is paying visit to Henrys family in Sydney. 21. My husband went to a tailors shop and had a pair of new trousers made. 22. Please give my best regard to your family. 23. Today if you go on board the ship or the plane, you well see signs and notice that will give you some useful information and warnings. 三、短文改错中的代词、连词、关系代词搭配错误1、人称代词应注意：（1）不能错用格，（2）上下文单复数要一致 （3）上下文阴阳性一致2、指示代词应注意：（1）this, that 表单数，these, those 表复数。（2）this, that可作副词用相当于so.（3）such, same 多用于固定结构，例如：suchas/ that, the sameas/ that.3、关系代词不能和关系副词混淆。4、熟记常用的不定代词。如：one, all, both, either, neither, each, many, much, little, few, other, another, something, anything, nothing 等，并注意几点：（1）这些词本身不同的词义，（2）若在定语从句中作先行词，关系代词应用that，（3）something, anything, nothing 常看作单数，代词用it,修饰他们的形容词应后置2、连词错误常见为： 并列连词（but, and, or, so, for ）和从属连词是否误用，是否合乎逻辑。在英语中，分句与分句之间缺乏连词连接 ，It began to rain, and they had to stop working 受母语影响，几个同类词并列连用时，它们之间往往缺一连词 I told Mother, Father, sister, all my friends here what a great time I had. 引导同位语从句的连词that, when等常不可省 在even if, even though, as if, as though 等短语中，第二个连词不能缺少 关系代词和关系副词的错用1. And they must not break the rules to often if we want to win the game.2. The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home. 3. Although this few words sound simple enough, they have.4. more and more people start a stamp collection of your own5. I have a good friend whos name is Liu Mei.6. We had to do the washing , cleaning and shopping by us7. If any one of us had any difficulty in our life and study , the other would help him out8. I know there is not easy to be a teacher .9. What is more , you have to be friends with your pupils and take good care of him .10. Clever as she is ,but she words very hard .11. It has been five years when we graduated , but those memories are as sweet as ever before12. The teacher wasnt looking at me, but I copied something.13. I would come back from school, and then sit for an hour and two.14. His book is quite different from me. 15. The Dead Sea is really a large lake. Its surface has an area of over one thousand square kilometers. 16. In order to make themselves look short-necked and big-waisted, they have to wrap many trips of cloth around her bodies. 17. Little children believe that Father Christmas comes down from the North Pole to leave presents to him. 18. If you lie this books, you can take them away. 19. The mistakes made by the Chinese students are quite different from that made by the Japanese students. 20. Her heart was set on being a great dancer, and she never cared for nothing else. 21. Suddenly the letters started arriving the other of them came today. 22. He received many gifts, that the placed around the Christmas trees. 23. They are trying to find a house that they can live. 四、 短文改错中的行文逻辑错误和形容词、副词词形错误 分清形容词和副词，比如某些以-ly结尾的词使形容词：friendly, lively, lovely, lonely, likely, deadly, silly, orderly, timely 等。正确选择形容词或副词。形容词修饰名词，作定语；置于系动词后，作标语；还常作一些动词的宾补。副词修饰动词、形容词、其它副词、全句或名词词组及介词，作状语。 注意形容词和副词的一些特殊情况。比如：ill, content, afraid, alike, alive, alone, asleep, awake, worth 等只作表语，不作前置定语，并有固定的副词来修饰它们。比如： well content, all/very much alone, sound/ fast asleep, wide awake, well worth等。有些副词有两种形式，一个与形容词同形，一个以形容词加 ly构成。但它们有不同的含义。如close/closely, free/freely, high/highly, wide/widely, deep/deeply, hard/hardly, most/mostly等 要分清不同类的“级”，以免混淆。a、比较对象不明.在A与B比较级中,B 中不能含有A .Li Ming is more clever than any student in his class.b、误用修饰语。They have much more English books than we. c、词序不当。He is taller a head than I . He is a head taller than I. d、随便使用the. Which subject do you like the better, physics or chemistry? 区别修饰各“级”的副词1. With the development of the education, the more and more students are working hard at English.2. First, let me tell you something more about myself.3. and where you pay the cost of sending a postcard, the librarian will write to you.4. I couldnt see a word on the blackboard as I did not sit closely enough to it. 5. Im sure well have a wonderfully time together. 6. Unfortunate, there are too many people.7. it seems always difficult for her to do things well as them.8. I would learn a lot of newwords from these books, but I had terribly problems memorizing them9. It was such much fun10. However , we seldom felt lonely or helplessly . We enjoyed our happy life11. She called 119 immediate.12. The football match will be broadcast lively on TV. 13. Most of the teachers give us talks friendly.14. They laughed, told jokes about each other, and seemed quite comfortably. 15. If we dont careful protect our environment, the last drop of water will be our own tears. 16. This book is very worth reading again. 17. Can you make it clearly what we should do next? 18. People in Arab countries like standing closely to one another when they are talking. 19. Following the customs will help make your stay in a foreign country very easier and more comfortable. 20. People here do not shake hands as more as we do in China. 21. Dolphins are very much clever animals as is known to us all. 五、短文改错中的词义重叠错误1、有些词受汉语影响，多一副词或介词，造成词义重叠，如return back, repeat again, flee away, enter into, blue colour, stop down, raise up, unpack open2、定语从句中的一个宾语，已由关系代词取代，再用一个代词时多余的。I do remember you having apologized to the old lady I met her last week. 3、单音节的形容词或副词比较级加-erest,多音节加more/most ，但两者不能同时重叠使用。As a result, people in the modern world generally live much more longer than people in the past.六、短文改错中的冗言现象1、 状语从句与主句之间多一并列连词：Though he tried his best, but he failed.The more he has, and the more he wants.2、 充当状语的介词短语与主句之间多一关系代词或关系副词：In the last five years that they have climbed churches in other places where you are limited to a certain number.3、 充当状语的分词与主句之间多一并列连词：Sitting down, and he began to work.4、 从属连词后多一个 that: she was absent from the meeting because that she was ill. 5、 复合宾语前多一个that: I found that her lying on the ground. 七短文改错中的动词错误看句子结构。英语中每个句子都有谓语，且由动词担任，所以不能没有谓语或八其它词性看作动词用作谓语，也不能把动词看作其它词性。时态和语态，常出现在总体时态为过去或现在时，中间杂有不适的另一时态的现象；或是及物动词后无宾语，或是不及物动词后加了宾语；需要接ing形式的接了to，或相反等。必须熟记take place, happen, occur, break out, fall, rise, die, lie, appear 等常见的不及物动词。 一致：包括与前面主语人称和数的一致以及几个动词的结构一致。 正确使用非谓语动词。 不能错用动词。其中一条是根据上下文的逻辑关系将这个动词改为它的反义词。比如把go, arrive, open, borrow, take, see 依次改为come, leave, close, lend(return), bring(give), buy 注意固定搭配（1）Around the world young people are spending a lot of money in listening pop music. （2）She liked it very much and reads it to the class. All said the story was a good one.（3）As we climbed the mountain, we fed monkeys, visiting temples and told stories.（4）One day I wrote a little story and showed to my teacher. （5） Id like to your pen friend. （6） Did he absent from the last meeting? （7） The blind man acrossed the street with great difficulty. （8） It was four days since Mother received an operation.（9） Her name stands for the most wonderful dancing the world had ever seen. （10） Robert and Mary have married for a few weeks. （11） She was done the washing for the family when her younger son came and asked for some sweets. （12） Between the trees stand a stra