新标准大学英语四key to unit 2.doc

Dealing with unfamiliar words4 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 to make someone feel that they do not belong to your group (exclude)A good read Unit 2512 to fail to do something that you should do (neglect)3 to mention something as an example (cite)4 to be strong enough not to be harmed or destroyed by something (withstand)5 in most situations or cases (normally)6 to be about to happen in the future (await)5 Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in Activity 4.When I lived in Britain, one of my favourite radio programmes was called “Desert Island Discs”. Theformat was always the same: Guest celebrities were asked to imagine they had been washed ashore on adesert island, and had to choose nine books (1) excluding the Bible and Shakespeare, which they werealready provided with to take with them to the island, to help them (2) withstand the physical and mentalisolation. I sometimes like to think which books I would take. (3) Normally, like most people, I donthave much time for reading, and I could (4) cite dozens of books which I have never read but which Iwould like to. Its an opportunity I have (5) awaited all my life, in fact. But what would I choose? Mostlynovels, probably, but I wouldnt (6) neglect to include a volume or two of poetry. My first choice, I think,would be Tolstoys War and Peace. Ive never read it, but Im ready to believe that it is one of the mostmarvelous books ever written.6 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box.1 In a good novel, the writer and reader communicate with each other. (interact)2 I have to face up to the problem sooner or later. (confront)3 I read the book in one sitting and Mary did too. (likewise)4 E. M. Forster was one of the most important and respected British novelists of the 20th century.(influential)5 Do you believe that a work of literature can actually lead to social changes? (induce)6 Robert Burns was a great poet who wrote in the language variety spoken in Scotland. (dialect)7 The Time Travellers Wife is the story of a man who has a strange and inexplicable genetic disorder.(mysterious)7 Answer the questions about the words.1 If you have had a disconcerting experience, do you feel a bit (a) tired, or (b) confused?2 If you have a vista of something, can you (a) see or imagine it, or (b) go and visit it?3 Would you express great wrath by (a) smiling at someone, or (b) shouting at them?4 If you feel enchanted by a book, do you (a) like it a lot, or (b) not like it at all?5 Is a writer who is supremely talented (a) very good, or (b) quite good at his job?6 If reading fosters an understanding of certain problems, does it (a) help understanding, or (b) prevent it?7 If you are desperately trying to get a job, are you (a) trying very hard to get it, or (b) caring littlewhether you get it or not?8 Is a sensation (a) a certainty, or (b) just a feeling?Active reading (2)Reading and understanding2 Choose the best answer to the questions.1 What does Miller consider to have been an advantage during his writing career?(a) To have been able to read all the books he wanted.(b) To have grown up in a room full of books.(c) To have written without the aid of a library.(d) The fact that he never wanted to own any books.2 What did three stars on a book mean in the public library in Millers youth?(a) Young people werent allowed to read them.(b) They were the most popular books in the library.(c) They were intended for children.(d) They were more exciting than one-star books.3 Why does Miller hope the star system still exists in public libraries?(a) It is an efficient system which works well.(b) It discourages people from reading inappropriate books.(c) It makes people interested in reading.(d) It makes it easier for people to recognize books.4 Why do people lend books, in Millers opinion?(a) Because they feel the need to share their feelings.(b) Its the best way to make a friend.(c) Its less risky than lending money.(d) Because its not possible to possess a book for ever.5 According to Miller, what should you do when you find a book you want to read?(a) Pick it up and start reading.(b) Ask a friend for advice about the book.(c) Think about whether you really need to read it.(d) Only read it if it is original.6 What does Miller especially admire about Blaise Cendrars?(a) He had a very adventurous life.(b) He was a great writer.(c) He knew what to do with his time.(d) He read as well as wrote a lot.Dealing with unfamiliar words3 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 the quality of being new, interesting, and different from anything that anyone has created before(originality)2 the process of putting people or things into particular groups according to the features they have(classification)3 to make an organized and determined attempt to deal with a problem (tackle)4 to make something better or more enjoyable (enrich)5 a difficulty or problem that prevents you from achieving something (obstacle)6 to sink under water and die (drown)7 not being used (idle)8 a suggestion that someone or something is especially suitable or useful for a particular situation(recommendation)9 to make a lot of effort to achieve something (strive)4 Complete the conversation with the correct form of the words in Activity 3A Professor Ridgeway, youve just written a biography of the poet Shelley, who (1) drowned off the coastof Italy in 1822 in a sailing accident. As you remind us in the introduction, peoples lives have been(2) enriched by poetry for thousands of years. What (3) recommendation could you make to a youngpoet who is just beginning their career?B That they should always (4) strive to be themselves, and not to worry about (5) originality. Once theyvefound their own voice, it will be original in its own way, because everyone is unique.A So you dont believe in the (6) classifications which label poets as “romantic” or “modernist” and soon?B I do, but they have limited value.A What do you think is the main (7) obstacle facing young poets today?B I think it is to accept that you cannot be productive all the time. A poets mind is never (8) idle andwaiting for the right moment is part of the creative process. All other problems are relative, and can be(9) tackled when you get to them.5 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the following words. You may need to makeother changes.1 I felt depressed and lacking in confidence after reading his criticism of my novel. (demoralized)2 Henry Millers The Books in My Life is about, as the name suggests, the story of his life.(autobiographical)Henry Millers The Books in My Life is, as the name suggests, autobiographical.3 Shakespeare had an extraordinary talent as a writer, which is without comparison in the history ofEnglish literature. (prodigious; unparalleled)4 Some people look to a book for pleasure rather than for understanding. (enlightenment)5 The experiment in banning alcohol drinks in the United States actually led to an increase in crime.(prohibiting)6 Im not sure if it is to their advantage for readers to read this review before they start the book.(advantageous)7 Millers Tropic of Cancer was, without doubt, one of the most infamous novels of the 20th century.(indubitably)6 Answer the questions about the words and expressions.1 If someone makes a confession, do they tell you something (a) personal and secret, or (b) whicheveryone knows?2 If someone whets your appetite for something, do they make you (a) desire for it, or (b) dislike it?3 If you wade through piles of documents, do you (a) read or deal with them, or (b) just ignore them?4 If you have to forego something, do you (a) finish it quickly, or (b) do without it?5 Is someone who has business acumen (a) good at business, or (b) without any business skills?6 Is a repetitive job one in which you do (a) different things, or (b) the same thing every day?7 If you do something on the side, do you do it (a) in addition to a regular activity, or (b) where no one can see you do it?Language in useword formation: -ous1 Write the adjectives which describe:1 a writer who has achieved fame (famous)2 readers who show curiosity (curious)3 someone who feels envy (envious)4 a region which is full of mountains (mountainous)5 a parcel which has a very large volume (voluminous)infinitive / gerund as the subject of a sentence2 Complete the sentences using infinitive or gerund as the subject. Usually both forms are possible, butyou should be able to justify your choice.1 Getting up early in the morning gives me more time to organize the day.(To express an everyday activity)2 To write a best-seller has always been my dream.(This is a bit more abstract or a far-away grand idea)3 Forgetting to take back a library book may not seem serious, but it causes problems for other students.(To express a normal activity for many people)A good read Unit 2654 To spend a lot of time reading in ones childhood can bring rewards later in life.(Use the more abstract form for an important idea)5 To be or not to be, that is the question.(In Shakespeare this can be interpreted as a grand idea, so he uses the formal way; if you say, Being ornot being is may be more immediate and seems normal but in Hamlet the situation is not normal)such is / are 3 Rewrite the sentences using such is / are 1 Good writing is so powerful that the reader thinks the writer is speaking directly to them.The reader thinks the writer is speaking directly to them. Such is the power of good writing.2 The novel Salmon Fishing in the Yemen is so charming that you cant put it down even for a moment.You cant put Salmon Fishing in the Yemen down even for a moment. Such is the charm of the novel.3 Travel is such a pleasure that you may end up living in another country.You may end up living in another country. Such is the pleasure of travel.4 The sense of confusion in this film is so great that you may feel you want to leave before the end.You may feel you want to leave before the end. Such is the sense of confusion in this film.5 The difficulties of translation are so enormous that much of the meaning is lost.Much of the meaning is lost. Such is the enormity of the difficulties of translation.if / whether it be 4 Rewrite the sentences using if / whether it be 1 Is it the right time to start this kind of project? Ask yourself carefully.Ask yourself carefully whether it be the right time to start this kind of project.2 Is it the first edition of Dr Johnsons Dictionary? I very much doubt it.I very much doubt if this be the first edition of Dr Johnsons Dictionary.3 Is it common knowledge that Arthur Miller thought like this? Im not sure.I am not sure if it be common knowledge that Arthur Miller thought like this.4 Is it necessary to produce any documents when making an application? Perhaps we should inquire.Perhaps we should inquire whether it be necessary to produce any documents when making anapplication.5 Is it the right way to tackle the problem? I doubt it.I doubt if it be the right way to tackle the problem.collocations5 Read the explanations of the words. Answer the questions.1 confront This word usually means to deal with a difficult situation.(a) Which are the most important problems we have to confront in todays world?Unit 2 A good read66This could be a long list! Id say: global warming, pollution, water shortages, extreme weatherconditions, local military conflicts, poverty, famine and hunger, unemployment, to name only a few.(b) Were you confronted by anyone asking for something on your way to class today?Not today, but a few days ago I was confronted by someone asking for money which I didnt likeat all.(c) Whats the biggest crisis youve ever been confronted with?The problem that my grandfather is elderly and has Alzheimers disease: He needs constant carebecause he forgets ordinary things. It is difficult for my parents and for me because we all take turnsto look after him. I realized what this was really like when I had to look after him for a weekendwhen my parents were away, but I discovered I have a lot more patience now. So perhaps this crisishas helped us to develop some good qualities, although it is actually a very difficult time for allof us.2 idle This word usually means not being used, lazy, or without any real reason or purpose.(a) If someone is idle by nature, what dont they like doing?They dont like doing work or other things that they should do but which they dont like doing.(b) If machinery is idle, what isnt it doing?The machinery is not being used.(c) If someone picks up a book out of idle curiosity, do they have a strong motivation to read it?Not really, they just have a slight curiosity to see what the book is, but they have no real interest.(d) If someone makes you an idle threat, do you take it seriously?No, you dont because you know that the threat has no real purpose.3 tackle This word usually means to challenge someone or something, or to make an attempt to deal witha problem.(a) What are the main issues the government needs to tackle in the near future?Well. I suppose there are several issues which need to be tackled, including rising prices andemployment in some places, or some social problems in a few areas.(b) How do you tackle someone about their ideas and opinions?I am inclined to be direct and simply ask them about their opinions and ideas. I think they will tellme honestly if they believe I am really interested in what they think.(c) If you tackle someone in a game of football, what have you managed to do?You have managed to get the ball away from them so that your team can keep the ball for amoment.4 withstand This word usually means to be strong enough not to be harmed or destroyed by something,or to be able to deal with a difficult situation.(a) What sort of defences can withstand a direct attack?To withstand a direct attack you need strong defences which are well placed.(b) What sort of clothes allow you to withstand the cold in winter?To withstand the cold in winter, you need thick, warm clothes.(c) Can you withstand the pressure of having to produce regular assignments on your course?Yes, I can. Actually, our teachers generally give us our assignments at intervals and we usually knowwell in advance what we should. So as long as you get on with the work (and dont leave it until thelast minute!) the pressure is not too bad and we can manage.A good read Unit 2676 Translate the paragraph into Chinese.Indubitably the vast majority of books overlap one another. Few indeed are those which give theimpression of originality, either in style or in content. Rare are the unique books less than 50, perhaps,out of the whole storehouse of literature. In one of his recent autobiographical novels, Blaise Cendrarspoints out that Rmy de Gourmont, because of his knowledge and awareness of this repetitive qualityin books, was able to select and read all that is worthwhile in the entire realm of literature. Cendrarshimself who would suspect it? is a prodigious reader. He reads most authors in their original tongue.Not only that, but when he likes an author he reads every last book the man has written, as well as hisletters and all the books that have been written about him. In our day his case is almost unparalleled, Iimagine. For, not only has he read widely and deeply, but he has himself written a great many books. Allon the side, as it were. For, if he is anything, Cendrars, he is a man of action, an adventurer and explorer,a man who has known how to “waste” his time royally. He is, in a sense, the Julius Caesar of literature.（几处倒装句应灵活处理，以体现原文语气。every last book the man has written 等于 all the bookshe has written。注意这段话的逻辑关系。If he is anything, he is a man of一句中的 if 从句起强调作用，说明他不是一个书生或思想家，而是一个行动家。此处需灵活翻译。）不容置疑的是，大多数书都互相重复，在文体或内容上让人感到具有独创性的书实在是少之又少。在整个文学库藏中，或许只有极少数作品不到50本是独具一格的。在最近出版的一部自传体小说中，布莱斯桑德拉尔指出，雷米德古尔蒙之所以能够选择并通读文学领域中一切值得读的书籍，就是因为他知识渊博，了解书的这种重复性。没有人会怀疑桑德拉尔本人就是一个博览群书的人，他阅读了大部分独具个性的作家的作品。不仅如此，一旦他喜欢上一个作家，就会阅读这个人写的每一本书，包括他的书信以及所有有关他的书籍。我猜想，在当今世上，像他这样的情况是绝无仅有的，他不仅读得广，读得深，而且本人还著述颇丰。这一切似乎都是在业余时间完成的。因为从本质上讲，他是一个十足的行动家，一个四处跋涉的冒险家和探险家，一个懂得如何大量“浪费”时间的人。从某种意义上说，他是文学届的凯撒大帝。7 Translate the paragraphs into English.1 张磊是在毕业工作后才开始意识到读书的乐趣的。反思自己的大学教育时，他感慨不已：他的一些同学都沉浸于从图书馆或书店找到的各种有趣的书籍，而他却只读了一些教科书，其中连一本真正能让他爱不释手、值得一读的书都没有。他可以说是被剥夺了通过书了解作家奇妙世界的特权。It was not until after he had graduated from university and started to work that Zhang Lei became aware of the pleasure of reading. Reflecting on his undergraduate studies, he lamented that he, unlike his classmates who had immersed themselves in various interesting books they were able to lay hands on from the library or bookshop, had only read textbooks, none of which was really worthwhile, or could be read in one sitting. He was deprived of the privilege of gaining access to the writers fantastic worlds through the windows their books have opened, so to speak.2 如今，他嗜书如命，废寝忘食，好像要把大学期间没机会读的好书全都读一遍。到目前为止他已经利用业余时间读了几百本小说、传记和游记。他意识到书不仅能向他展示一个充满希望的前景，帮他消除现实生活中的压力和疲劳，而且能够帮他澄清一些误解，找到生活的真谛。(reflect on; in onesitting; lay hands on; immerse in; worthwhile; privilege; withstand; vista)Now he has become an avid and omnivorous reader. It is as if he wants to make up for those marvelous books he hadnt had a chance to read in his university days. By now, in his spare time, he has read several hundreds of books, including novels, biographies and travel notes. He realizes that books can not only