新版外研八年级上册英语外研版提纲7-12.doc

八年级上册复习提纲2M8 Accidents1. on the phone 通过电话通话(on 表示“通过”)2. look pale 看起来很苍白 此处look作为半系动词，后跟adj. 常见的半系动词有tastesmellsoundfeel.Eg：The music sounds good. The food tastes delicious. The sofa feels comfortable. 3. listen 听(强调听的过程，后接宾语时需加to,即 listen to)hear 听到(强调听到的结果，后接do或doing)Eg：We should listen to the teachers carefully.I hear someone singing in the next room. (我听到有人正在隔壁房间唱歌)I hear someone sing in the next room. (我听到有人在隔壁房间唱歌)4.appear(v.) 出现 appearance(n.) disappear(v.) 消失 Eg：He suddenly disappeared in front of us.5. hit 撞击；打 Eg：The bus hits the bridge. He hits me on the head. 此外，hit 还可以作名词，表示“轰动一时的成功” Eg：His song made a hit.6. be glad to do sth 很高兴去做sth Eg：I am glad to see you again.7. in time 及时 / on time 准时，按时Eg：(1) I hope you can come back in time. (2) Please hand in your homework on time.8. fall off=fall down from 从摔下来你 fall asleep 入睡 fall into 掉入 fall in love with sb. 爱上某人 fall behind 落在后面9. the risk of 的风险 side by side 肩并肩 pay attention to 注意(to 是一个介词，后接名词或doingEg：We should pay more attention to developing economy.10.sometimes 有时some times 几次；几倍sometime (将来或过去)某个时候 some time 一段时间Eg：He sometimes sends me an e-mail. Remember it some times, or you will forget it. Lets have a party sometime next week. I will stay with you for some time.11. pick up 捡起，拾起(代词只能放中间，名词放在中间或后面均可)pick sb up (开车)接某人 Eg：After school, his father drives his car to pick him up everyday.12. call sb. call up=ring up 打电话给某人 call on 拜访某人Eg：Call me up tomorrow. /I called on my grandparents yesterday.14. take photos 照相15. hide 隐藏 hide up 包庇(坏人) hide sth from sb 瞒着某人某事 hide out 躲藏Eg：-Why did the policeman catch the man just now? -He hid up the murderer. She hid her brothers death from her parents.16. throwthrewthrown 扔；抛 throw away 抛弃 throw about 到处乱扔 throw at 向扔去Eg：Dont throw about the waste paper. The naughty boy throws at the dog a stone.17. As he was lying there in great pain, Henry suddenly remember the photo.lie 此处为不及物动词，意为“躺”。其过去式、过去分词分别为lay，lain；现在分词为lying。He was lying on the bed. lie 的其他用法：不及物动词，意为“说谎”。过去式、过去分词均为lied；现在分词为lying。lie to sb 向sb撒谎 Eg：Dont lie to me.不及物动词，意为“位于”。此时其过去式、过去分词分别为lay，lain；现在分词为lying。Shandong lies in the east of China. 山东位于中国东部。18. hurry up hurry to do sth此处hurry为动词 in a hurry (hurry为名词)19. as 当时=whenwhileasas 与一样 not assoas 与不一样asas possible尽可能=asas sb cancouldas soon as 一就Eg：He is as tall as me. /We should study as hard as possible. I will call you as soon as I get home. 20.send sth to sb=send sb sth show sth to stb=show sb sth21. on ones way to 在sb去路上 get in the way 妨碍 in this way 用这种方法 by the way 顺便问下 in a way 在某种程度22. take off (飞机)起飞；脱下(衣服)make a decision to do sth. =decide to do sth. 决定做某事语法全解：when和while 都表示主从句的动作或状态同时发生，但二者意义不尽相同。1.when引导的从句可表示时间点，也可表示时间段，从句的位于动词既可以是延续性动词，也可以是非延续性动词；while引导的从句通常表示时间段，从句中宜用延续性动词作谓语。They arrived while we were watching TV.2.含有when引导的时间状语的主从复合句，如果主句用过去进行时，从句应该用一般过去式，表示一个动作正在进行的时候另一个动作发生，强调后一动作发生的突然性。We were watching TV when suddenly the lights went off. 3.当主从句的动作都是延续的或同时发生，主从句都用过去进行时的时候，从句多用while引导。They were reading while we were writing .4.如果表示从句的动作在主句的动作“之前”或“之后”发生时，多用when，不用while。此外，when还含有“at the moment “的意思，此时引导的句子不能放在句首，也不能用while来替换主谓一致判断法主谓一致是指在一个英语句子中，主语和谓语在人称和数上要保持一致，这种一致性体现在联系动词be和助动词do, have的人称和数上，以及实义动词的第三人称单数上1.不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式2.动名词或动词不定式作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式3.Eitheror : neithernor: not onlybut also: 连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词与邻近的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致。 M9 Population1. The population of China is about 1.37billion.The population of sp is. 表示sp有多少人。此外用sp has a population of也可以表示sp有多少人。形容人口（population）多少用big/ large 或 small, 当population 作主语时，谓语动词用单数询问某地有多少人口有两种表达方法：1. Whats the population of 2. How large is the population of 注意：询问某地有多少人口时不用how many 和 how much hundredthousandmillionbillion等前有数字，用单数形式 three hundredlhundredthousandmillionbillion等后有of，用复数形式 thousands of2. noise (n.) 噪音 noisy(adj.) 吵闹的 make noise 发出噪音 voice 指嗓音(人说话或唱歌) sound 指一切声音3. prepare 准备 prepare for 为做准备 prepare to do sth 准备去做某事.Eg：They are preparing for the New Year. We prepare to go fishing next weekend.4. report 报告；报道 make a report 做报告 reporter 记者，通讯员 notes 名词复数形式 “笔记 随笔” make notes 记笔记5. such as for example 例如，比如(注意范围区别)too much+不可数名词too many+可数名词much too+形. 太Eg：I like fruit, such as apples, bananas.I have too much homework to do today.That dress is much too long for me.There are too many people in the shop on Sunday. 6. one fifth 五分之一 分数的表达法：分子在前，用基数词；分母在后，用序数词。当分子大于1时，分母需要用复数 如：two thirds7. hang on a minute. 稍等8.quiet (adj.) 安静的；宁静的quietly(adv.) 安静地 quite ( adv.)相当，十分Eg：Please keep quiet, my father is sleeping now. She is quite beautiful in that red coat.9. close to=next to 靠近，挨着 Eg：His house is close to a supermarket.10. move to 移到 Eg：More and more people move to the big cities these years.11. It be +adj. to do sth 12. one of + 可数名词复数 之一(谓语动词用单数)13. local 当地的 close down 关闭Eg：The local government should do something to solve the water pollution. This shop closed down last year.14. It takes somebody some time to do sth sb. spend(s) some timesome money on sth / (in) doing sth sth cost(s) sb sm(钱) sb pay sth for sm( 钱) 15. public services 公共服务a public telephone 公用电话in public 在公共场合 the public 公众16. in fact 事实上 all over the world 全世界17. face danger 面对危险 face to face 面对面地 make a face 做鬼脸 as a result 结果是；因此18.die from 由于而死(死于外因，如事故等) die of 因而死(死于内因，如疾病等) Eg：He died from an accident. / A lot of people died of cancers.(癌症)20.leave 离开(某地) leave for+目的地 前往(目的地) 启程去某地 Ill leave for Shanghai next week. leave 还有“忘了带，留下”之意 I left my book at home .21.辨析： job 与 work job （可数） 指具体的职业或零工 work（不可数）指人们日常生活和工作中从事的体力或脑力劳动M10 The weather1.关于天气的单词：名词 cloudrainsnowsunwindfog形容词cloudyrainysnowysunnywindyfoggy2.Are you coming with us? 这是一个用现在进行时表示将来的句子，在英语中，如gocomearriveleave等可以用现在进行时表示按计划或安排将来发生的动作。 Eg：My father is arriving in England tomorrow.3.Are you joking? joke n. 笑话；玩笑 play a joke on sb make a joke ofabout ab v. 开玩笑Eg：It is impolite to play a joke on the old.4. minus 减去 Two minus one is one. 零下(温度) The temperature is minus 3 degrees.5.although 尽管；虽然(although与but不能连用) ：It isnt warm today, although the sun is shining.6. whats the weather like (in 某地)?Eg：-What is the weather like in Jinhua today? -It is cold today.询问天气还可以用how is thel weather (in sp)? weather 是不可数名词，不可以用aan修饰l7.as well 也；还(放句末) too也(放句末) also 也，而且(放句中)8. probably 可能，或许 可能性大小：probably perhaps maybe9. better get going.= had better g now. 最好现在就走 had better do sth 最好做sth Eg：Its late now, we had better hurry up.10.bring sth to sp 把sth带到sp来 take sth to sp 把sth带到sp去Eg：Dont forget to bring your homework to me tomorrow. Please take these books to the library for me.13. get cooler, turn gold 此处getturn都表示“变得” 另外becomegogrow也可以表示“变得”Eg：The winter is coming, it gets colder and colder. 14. take photo of 拍照片 all year round 全年15. compared to = compared with 和相比较 Eg：I compared my computer towith hers.16. from time to time 时常，偶尔 at the same time 同时 in time 及时 on time 按时 have a good time 玩得开心17. 时间+later=after +时间 以后Eg：Two years later he left our school=He left our school after two years.18.join 加入(党、军队、组织等) ：When did you join the Party? join in 参加(小规模的活动，如游戏等) Come and join in the match.19.the best time to do sth 做sth的最好时间 Eg：The best time to visit Harbin is in winter. the first time to do sth 第一次做sth The first time to visit Harbin is in 2012. 语法聚焦：情态动词本身有一定的词义，为谓语动词增添情态色彩，表示说话人对有关行为或事物的态度和看法，认为有可能，应该或有必要等。情态动词无人称和数的变化，其后接的动词需用原形，否定式是在情态动词后加上not. 一当我们想表达可能发生某事以及某人可能做某事时，可以用may/might.You may /might be right . He may/might tell his wife .May与might 没有太大区别，形式上might 是may的过去式，但在表示将来的可能情况时，might表示的可能性比may 表示的可能性还要小。They may come tomorrow . There might be some rain tomorrow morning. 二 possible 表示可能性形容词possible 表示可能性，常用句型有： It is possible to do sth . 例如：Is it possible to finish the work today ？It is possible that It is possible that itll be snowy bably 和possibly 都表示可能性Probably和possibly 都表示可能性。 Probably 表示“很可能” ，它所表示的可能性比possibly 大。常用句型：主语 + will + probably/possibly +v. +例如：Itll probably be sunny and hot. Mr. Wang will possibly agree. Module 11 Way of life1. a chess set一副国际象棋 2.video game 电子游戏 3. do some cleaning打扫卫生4. bad luck倒霉 5. the Spring Festival春节6. get married结婚 7. for example例如8. for the first time首次;初次 9. shake hands握手10. have afternoon tea喝下午茶11. light meal便餐;便饭12. be different from与不同13. each other互相14. on time准时;按时15. look up查寻16. at the age of在岁时 17. clean up打扫干净18. wash up洗刷;饭后洗餐具19. stay out待在户外;不回家 20. cant wait to迫不及待 21. make mistakes犯错;出错 重点语法：1. What a surprise! 真惊讶啊! to ones surprise 令sb惊奇的是 此句是感叹句，用来表达赞美、惊叹、喜悦等感情，同样用how也可引导感叹句。结构如下： what +(aan)+adj.+n.(+主语+谓语)! What a beautiful girl she is!how +adj.adv. (+主语+谓语)! How beautiful the girl is! 2. You neednt wait. 你不必等了。 need在这里用作情态动词，表示“需要”，常用于否定句、疑问句及must引导的一般疑问句的否定回答，其后用动词原形。(neednt=dont have to) Eg：You neednt come to school this afternoon. -Must I finish my homework today? -No, you neednt.【记得住就看看】need作实义动词时，其后可接to do，也可接doing，表示“需要做sth”当句子主语是人时，用need to do sth ：I need to take some exercise every morning.当句子主语是物时，用need doing sth ：Our classroom needs cleaning everyday.4. difference(n.) 不同之处，区别different(adj.)不同的 be different from pay attention to doing sth 5. accept (主动)接受 receive 收到，得到Eg：She received a present, but she didnt accept it.6. do some cleaning 打扫卫生(这是一个由do+some+doing构成的短语)Eg：You should help your mother do some cleaning after school.【拓展】do some washingcookingshoppingsewing7. had better (not) do sth 最好(不) 做sthEg：We had better take an umbrella. / Youd better not go out in the evening.8. experience(n.) 经历(可数名词) ; 经验、体验(不可数名词)9. enjoy doing sth enjoy oneself=have a goodnice time something interesting 有趣的事(当adj.碰到不定代词时，应把adj.放在后面) Eg：Mike enjoys watching football matches. Can you tell something different between the two pictures?10. get to know 了解，认识 ：Do you get to know my friend Bill?11. notbut 不是而是(but表示转折)Eg：She wants to buys not a skirt, but a dress.【拓展】not onlybut (also)(表示递进) Eg：He can speak not Chinese but also English.12. traditional(adj.) 传统的 tradition(n.) 传统 take away 拿走(代词只能放在中间，名词放中间和后面均可)13. stop v. 停止 stop to do sth stop doing sth n. 停靠站 bus stop14. turn v. 转(弯)；变得 turn left turn greenn.顺序 It is your turn.14. at a age of =when sb isyears old. 在岁时15. stay out 不回家；待在外面 stay at home stay up 熬夜 back-to-front 前后颠倒，穿反了Eg：Yesterday he stayed out after 12 oclock. / Its rainy day, lets stay at home. Wed better not stay up, it is bad for our health. / He put his sweater on back-to-front.Module 12 Help 1.broken glass碎玻璃 2. first aid急救 3. medical help医疗救助4. at the bottom of在底部 5. in pain处在疼痛中6. first of all首先 7. find out查明 8. lift up抬起;提起 9. make sure确保;确认10. coverwith 用盖上11. stay away from远离12. in an earthquake在地震中13. in short总之14. jump out of从跳出15. above all首要的是16. lie down躺下17. in trouble在困境中，有麻烦18. because of由于19. on ones way在路上20. run out of从跑出来重点知识点：1. furniture(n.) 家具(不可数名词) a piece of furnitureglass 玻璃(不可数名词) There is some glass on the ground.玻璃杯(可数名词) There are two glasses on the desk.2. stairs 楼梯 go upstairs 上楼 downstairs 下楼3. aid(n.) 帮助、救助 first aid 急救 Eg：The man is badly ill, he needs first aid.4. at the bottom of 在底部 in pain(in great pain) 很疼 in dangerin peace Eg：There is a lot of sand at the bottom of the river.5. first of all 首先 above allfirstly whats wrong with sb?=whats the matter with sb? sb怎么了? Eg：First of all, you should turn on the computer. -Whats wrong with him? -He has a cold.6. have troubleproblem (in) doing sth 做sth有困难 get into trouble 陷入麻烦 be in trouble 处于困境中 Eg：I have trouble in learning English.7. make sb do sth make sure 确保 +adj. lift n. 电梯v. lift up 举起、提起(代词只能放中间，名词放中间与后面均可)8. harmful(adj.) harm(n.) be harmful to sbsth do