DIAMOND EDUCATION(钻石知识的英文版附图)知识全面简单易懂.doc

有中文版，可在我上传的文档中找到。DIAMOND EDUCATIONThe four most popular factors, or the “four Cs”, used to measure diamond quality are:Diamond Cut,Diamond Color,Diamond Clarity,andCarat Weight. This section contains all the information you need to search through our diamond database with confidence and findthe diamond thats right for you.DIAMOND CLARITY Most diamonds have unique clarity characteristics, much like a fingerprint. These distinguishing characteristics can be classified asinclusionsandblemishes. Inclusions are enclosed within a diamond or extend into the diamond from its surface while blemishes, on the other hand, are confined to the diamonds surface. When light enters a diamond, it is reflected in and refracted out. If anything disrupts the flow of light through the diamond, such as an inclusion, a proportion of the light reflected may be lost. This effect can detract from the pure beauty of the diamond.To get the most value, Adiamor suggests selecting a diamond that is eye clean where no internal flaws are visible to the unaided eye. The tableheredepicts how a flaw (inclusion or blemish) may appear under 10X magnification.You may not notice a significant difference between an SI1 and a SI2 with the naked eye. However, you should consider the number, size, brightness, nature, and position of the inclusions of an SI2 graded diamond to ensure that it is eye clean. Some inclusions can be hidden by a prong when mounted, thus having little effect on the beauty of a diamond. An inclusion in the middle or top of a diamond, however, could impact the dispersion of light, sometimes making the diamond appear less brilliant.Our diamond consultants can inspect an SI2 graded diamond to ensure that it is eye clean before your purchase. GIA AND AGS CLARITY GRADING SCALEDIAMOND COLORDiamond Coloris one of the most important factors to consider, as it is noticeable to the naked eye. A diamonds color is graded by GIA on an alphabetical scale from D to Z, with D being absolutely colorless and Z being light yellow. Beyond Z-color, a diamond is considered to be a fancy color. Although many diamonds appear to be colorless, the many of them have at least a hint of body color. A diamondscolorhas a significant impact on its value. To ensure the highest quality diamonds for your selection,Adiamor carries diamonds in the color range from D to J only.When buying a diamond, take into consideration that it is often very difficult to detect the difference between a colorless diamond (D to F) and a near colorless diamond (G to J), especially when it is mounted in jewelry.Diamonds with a K to Z color grade usually have yellow shading that can be detected by the naked eye, however, a well cut stone with good proportions will still release the brilliance and fire of a lower colored diamond, dispersing light in such a way so as to create a beautiful stone.Fluorescenceis not directly related to a diamonds color. This separate characteristic refers to the diamonds ability to fluoresce under ultraviolet (UV) light. Our sun emits some UV light, but it is usually not great enough to detect fluorescence. When exposed to UV light, many diamonds will give off a distinctive glowing blue coloration. Although fluorescence may be displayed in various colors, blue is the most common in diamonds. The fluorescence of a diamond is defined by its intensity as either None, Faint, Medium, Strong, or Very Strong. Although fluorescence is a characteristic that can be measured, it is rarely an issue when selecting a diamond and is usually not detectable to the eye.The impact of fluorescence on price depends on its noticeability. Faint fluorescence has very little effect on a diamond of any color, and therefore has no effect on value. For some higher color stones (D to G), strong fluorescence may give the stone a milky white appearance, which greatly lowers the value. Fluorescence often adds value to stones with a hint of color, such as I-color and below, as it can give the diamond a whiter, brighter appearance.Choose CarefullyDiamond fluorescence is a complex science, but in the world of diamonds, a fairly straightforward quality grading process.At the end of the day, the eye is in the beholder - but note that the highly fluorescent diamond is not necessarily the best!How do naturally colored diamonds end up with some of the many amazing hues that we attempt to recreate in much more common colorless stones? In truth, there are a number of factors that must fall into place in order for the Earth to create these colorful treasures naturally. Heres a brief overview of the conditions necessary to create these fancy gemstones.You probably know that diamonds are created by carbon that is both heated and compressed, then pushed to the surface of the Earth (or close to it), resulting in the colorless stones that are the bread and butter of the diamond industry. However, no diamond is perfect, and it is the impurities in the stone that can cause coloration. This works in a couple of ways. First, carbon is rarely found in a completely undiluted state. Often there are other elements in the vicinity that can lead to slight discoloration in the finished product, which is why colorless diamonds are so desirable.However, even rarer than completely colorless diamonds are those that display the intense color indicative of mass amounts of some other element in the environment. Boron, for example, will lead to rare blue hues in diamonds while nitrogen will produce the much more common yellows and browns. Radiation will produce a green color (uh, kryptonite, anyone?) and unusual stresses that trap electrons in the stone are thought to result in pink or reddish hues. But thats not all there is to it.Flaws within the stone can magnify or even cause coloration because of the way light entering the stone is refracted. For this reason, a stone that is already colored may be more appealing with a flaw since it can greatly enhance the color, pushing it into the class of a “fancy colored diamond”, which makes it exponentially more valuable.Its pretty interesting that the impurities and flaws in diamonds can actually add to their value, but remember that they have to achieve fancy color status in order to be worth more. If the color is pale in a stone, it will hold a low value since it is neither colorless nor saturated (making it one of the most common geological blunders). So before you buy a rare colored stone, make sure it meets proper standards of rarity so that you get a diamond that is as valuable as it is desirable.DIAMOND CUTA diamondscutis considered to be the most important of the four Cs. It is important to understand how a diamonds proportions and the relationship between them affects its brilliance, fire, and scintillation.Most diamonds are spread in their cutting to retain maximum weight from the original rough diamond. This technique results in a heavier diamond and also sacrifices the potential fire and brilliance of the stone. The width and depth have the greatest effect on how light travels within the diamond, and also how light exits the diamond in the form of brilliance.DIAMOND SHAPEAffinity Collectiondiamonds are the finest quality diamonds available, and we offer them in round, princess-cut, Asscher-cut, and emerald-cut shapes.Choose Your Diamond ShapeSince all diamond shapes are very different, unique characteristics determine quality for each shape. Select your shape below to learn how to recognize the most beautiful diamond. If you have additional questions, feel free to contact one of our Diamond and Jewelry Consultants who can help you find the diamond thats perfect foryou.What is the Bowtie Effect?The bowtie of a diamond refers to a dark spot in the shape of a bowtie that is present in fancy shaped stones. This effect is caused by light leaking out of the bottom of the stone rather than being reflected back to the top due to the unique shape of the stone. Round stones, with their complete symmetry, are the only shape which are do not have a bowtie and therefore do not require a length to width ratio.How do I calculate Length to Width Ratio?Calculating the length to width ratio is fairly simple. Simply divide the measurement (generally in millimeters) of the length of the stone by the width measurement. These measurements will appear in the top left portion of your diamonds grading report. They are listed as length by width by depth. So, if a 1.00 carat princess cut diamond had the measurements 5.86mm x 5.67mm x 3.89mm, you would take the length (5.86mm) and divide it by the width (5.67mm). The depth, while factoring highly into the Cut Grade of the diamond, is not important in finding your length to width ratio. After dividing the two, you get a factor of 1.03. This is your ratio and can be thought of as representing the length of the diamond if the width was represented by 1. This is considered an excellent length to width ratio for a princess cut stone and will appear square.AFFINITY COLLECTIONHEARTS AND ARROWSHearts and Arrowsis the name for the unique pattern of shapes visible from the top and bottom of a precisely cut round diamond. Only diamonds with a perfect combination of table width, depth, polish and symmetry will display these magnificent shapes clearly. Each diamond of the Affinity Collection is cut to well within these standards.CARAT WEIGHT Diamond weight is measured incarats, a small unit of measurement equal to 200 milligrams. Each carat is divided into 100 points. Therefore, a half-carat stone may be referred to as a 50-pointer or 50-points. Carat weight is the easiest of the 4 Cs for gemologists to determine due to the use of highly sophisticated measuring equipment.Two diamonds of equal carat weight might vary greatly in value depending upon their cut, color and clarity. This is important because when mounted, one diamond may appear larger than the other, although they actually weigh the same. If size is important to you, focus on diamond measurements as opposed to carat weight. Diamonds that look big for their weight may have reduced brilliance and fire so always insist on great cut.An increase in carat weight does not produce the same increase in millimeter diameter. For example, there is a 25% increase in carat weight from 1.00 carats to 1.25 carats but less than 8% increase in diameter (6.5 to 7.0 mm). This concept, along with the increased price per carat, explains why prices increase dramatically in order to get noticeably bigger millimeter size.Over 1 million rough diamonds must be mined before one is found that can be cut into a 1.00 carat finished diamond. Because large diamonds are so rare, they generally have a greater value per carat. If all other factors are equal, the heavier the diamond, the greater its cost will be. For example, the price of a two-carat stone will be several times higher than four 50-pointers of equal quality. When it comes to buying a diamond for that special lady in your life, whether it is an engagement ring, a pendant, a bracelet, or some classic studs, size isnt everything. but its a lot. If you choose a diamond thats too small, she might have to pull out a magnifying glass every time she wants to admire it (and its not very impressive to all of her friends, either). If, on the other hand, you buy a rock thats way too big, she may not wear it for fear of theft (plus, most women are wary of looking ostentatious). Choosing the right diamond requires a lot of thought, but if you follow a few simple guidelines, you should be able to pick the right stone for every occasion.Consider the size of her fingers. If she has a fairly small ring size, a smaller diamond will look proportionate on her hand. Try to find a moderate balance between diamond color and clarity grades to see how much carat weight you can get for your budget. Also, bear in mind the width of your engagement setting. Find a carat weight that complements the setting nicely without overpowering it, and vice versa.1. Under carat.This size is really only okay for everyday diamond studs (earrings), a tennis bracelet, or a diamond necklace (not a pendant, a string of small diamondsalthough each diamond should be up to carat, not the necklace as a whole). While this size looks great embellishing a larger central diamond on a pendant or ring, its really too small to stand alone.2. Up to 1 carat.Properly presented, a 0.5 1 carat diamond can work fine for an engagement ring, although this size is really better for a nice set of earrings. You can do a strand of stones for a bracelet or necklace, just be aware that it might detract from your ladys natural brilliance.3. Between 1 and 2 carats.Not too large and not too small, this tends to be the preferred size for engagement rings. You wont break the bank and shell have an adequately sized sparkler to wow her gal pals.4. Between 2 and 3 carats.Now youre getting into pendant range. A stone this size sported solo on a bare neckline will make draw attention, but not detract. You can use it for a ring, but it could be considered a bit flashy. If you really want to give her an experience of wide-eyed awe, buy a matching set and make them into long drop earrings.5. Over 3 carats.If her idea of a good diamonds is “the bigger the better”, then you cant go wrong with anything over this benchmark. It may not be tasteful, but it will certainly garner attention.DIAMOND CAREDiamondsare extremely hard and resistant to damage. However, everyday wear can take a toll on your diamonds. Ordinary wear, including the use of hand lotions and hair care products and simple household work, can all cause buildup that can leave a hazy film on your diamond. This buildup will eventually cause your brilliant and gorgeous diamond to appear dull. To keep your diamonds looking their best, they require the proper attention and care.Here are some pointers on how to keep yourdiamond ringlooking as great as it did the day you received it.Cleaning and SecurityEveryday activity can cause the setting of your diamond to loosen. We suggest removing your engagement ring every evening and visually inspecting it for any bent or loosened prongs. It is important to visit a professional jeweler every six months to a year to have your mounting checked and tightened. During this time, the jeweler can also clean and polish your engagement ring setting to look brand new.Home CareTo maintain the brilliance of your diamond at home, a dipping solution can be made by using one part ammonia and six parts water. Try scrubbing your diamond gently with a soft brush to loosen dirt. Avoid brushing the metal itself, as this may cau