八级改错精讲.doc

英语专业八级改错部分实践练习一 改错举例分析及标注方法：ERROR CORRECTION (10%) The following passage contains TEN errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved. You should proofread the passage and correct it in the following way:For a wrong word, underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blank provided at the end of the line.For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a “” sign and write the word you believe to be missing in the blank provided at the end of the line.For an unnecessary word, cross out the unnecessary word with a slash “/” and put the word in the blank provided at the end of the line.ExampleWhen art museum wants a new exhibit, (1) an It nev/er buys things in finished form and hangs (2) neverThem on the wall. When a natural history museumWants an exhibition, it must often build it. (3) exhibit改错题示例：Global automakers gripped in an industry recession are wooing chances of the upcoming Shanghai auto expo as China overtook America to become worlds largest auto market in the (1) _first quarter.A battle heated between 13 new car models by automakers includes (2) _Mercedes-Benz and BMW will start in the shows 170,000 square meters showroom on Tuesday. The event has registered (3) _1,500 foreign and domestic automakers, according to the organizers on Monday.“The numbers are unprecedented, that reflect a confidence given (4) _by global automakers in the prospect of the Chinese market,” said (5) _Wang Xia, deputy director of the auto industry division of China Council for the Promotion of International Trade, one of the organizers of the biannual show.Chinas auto sales have hit a monthly record of 1.11 million (6) _vehicles in March, exceeding US sales for the third month in a row, and up 5 percent from last year, according to the National Bureau of Statistics. This session of the Shanghai auto expo is possible to be the worlds most influential auto show this (7) _year, said Wan Jifei, chairman of the council.Mercedes-Benz is setting up a 2,500 square meter booth to accommodate their release of four new car models and Asian debut (8) _of six other models at the show.Despite of the plight in the home market, Americas top three (9) _automakers, General Motors, Ford and Chrysler have sustained their position at the show by joint occupying 5,000 square meters of exhibiting area. (10) _key:(1) world前加the (2) includes改为including (3) meters去掉s(4) that改为which或者and (5) in改为to (6) 去掉have (7) possible改为likely (8) their改为its (9) 去掉of (10) joint改为jointly二、英语专业八级全真题改错部分考点分析：年份非谓语动词介词搭配连接词冠词比较级主谓代词词类问题其他问题逻辑关系(常与连词有关)词汇题97不定式搭配并列主从the-a情态动词因果-转折同义搭配同形98短语短语the搭配any问题单复反身-ly虚拟反义99分词同义as-like短语despite-in spite ofand-or 问题a支撑词that并列-转折因果-让步及物性00分词搭配搭配the名词的数转折-并列搭配同义惯语搭配01不定式分词搭配-ly因果-转折重复搭配同义搭配同义02搭配定语从句it形式主语时态并列-转折及物性同义 同义动词词组搭配03搭配a-erthat-thosen.-adj.用词转折-并列因果-转折同义动词词组04分词搭配theits-theirthese-those转折-因果动词词组搭配动词词组单复数05分词搭配搭配定语从句thethe more, those-that同位语从句并列项一致同义06分词搭配and-or 问题the-erthe单复it形式宾语同义同义07搭配and-or 问题定语从句the搭配-erthese-those并列-转折搭配及物性08搭配搭配定语从句those-that搭配同义同义 同义动词词组动词词组09andthetheir-hissomething-anything-ly时态肯定-否定因果-转折同义动词词组逻辑关系点归纳：1. 并列-转折 / 转折-并列（共5次）：and / or / but / while / whereas / however / nevertheless00年：A rough and ready difference which may seem the most obvious is that grammatical words have “less meaning”, but in fact some grammarians have called them “empty” words as opposed to the “full” words of vocabulary. but - and02年：One is the fact that pronunciation is learnt “naturally” and unconsciously, and orthography （拼字法）is learnt deliberately and consciously. and - while / whereas / but注意：and / or / but / while / whereas均为连接词，可以直接后接句子；however / nevertheless均为连接副词，不能直接后接句子，要用“分号+however+逗号”、“and+(逗号+)however+逗号”，或者“另起一句+逗号”等方式连接，如：1）One is the fact that pronunciation is learnt “naturally” and unconsciously, while / whereas / but orthography is learnt deliberately and consciously.2）One is the fact that pronunciation is learnt “naturally” and unconsciously; however / nevertheless, orthography is learnt deliberately and consciously.3）One is the fact that pronunciation is learnt “naturally” and unconsciously, and however / nevertheless, orthography is learnt deliberately and consciously.4）One is the fact that pronunciation is learnt “naturally” and unconsciously. However / Nevertheless, orthography is learnt deliberately and consciously.在只能改动一个词的情况下，只能用1）方式。2. 因果-转折 / 转折-因果（共5次）： so / therefore / thus / because / since / as / while / whereas / however / nevertheless / but97年：This is what his body wants to do, therefore his politeness glues his body to the chair and refuses to let him rise.therefore - but注意：不能用连接副词however。04年：Most committee hearings are open to the public and are reported widely in the media. Congressional investigations nevertheless represent one important tool available to lawmakers to inform the citizenry and to arouse public interest in national issues.nevertheless - therefore / thus3. 因果-让步（1次）：99年：If no one is suggesting that we return to an aboriginal life style, we certainly could use their eating habits as a model for a healthier diet.If - Although4. 肯定-否定（1次）：5. 逻辑关系往往与连接词有直接关系，特别是1）并列连接词2）连接副词(conjunctive adverbs)3）引导各类状语从句的主从连接词。详细讨论：1）并列连接词：可以直接连接并列句：并列句1 + 并列连接词 + 并列句2 (1) 表示语义引申的并列连接词：and, both and , not only but (also) , not or ,not nor , neither nor (2) 表示选择的并列连接词：or, either or ,(3) 表示转折的并列连接词：but, yet(4) 表示对比的并列连接词：while, whereas(5) 表示因果的并列连接词：so, for It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet. (for引导的句子不能搬到句首)2）连接副词：不可以直接连接句子，必须借助“and”和“逗号”或者“分号”和“逗号”： 并列句1 + and + 连接副词，+ 并列句2 并列句1 + ；+ 连接副词，+并列句2 或者用“连接副词+逗号”另起一句。 （例句见上面讨论过的相关内容）(1) 表示转折、对比的连接副词：however, nevertheless(2) 表示因果的连接副词：therefore, thus3）引导各类状语从句的主从连接词：可以直接连接状语从句，状语从句可以放在句首也可以放在主句中间后者句尾：(1) 状语从句 + 主句(2) 主句第一部分 + 状语从句 + 主句第二部分：Experience, when it is dearly bought, is seldom thrown away.(3) 主句 + 状语从句 连接词分类：(1) 简单主从连接词，例如：while, when(ever), once, after, before, directly, immediately, instantly, till, until, since, as, because, although, though, lest, if, unless, where(ever), however + adj./adv.(2) 复杂主从连接词，例如：now that, in order that, in that(因为), for fear that, in the event that, such that, so far as (只要), as far as, so long as, as long as(只要、如果), as soon as, as if, as though, even if, even though, if only, in case, adj. / adv. + as / though, no matter wh- (3) 关联主从连接词，例如：so that , such that , as as , no sooner than , whether or , hardly/scarcely/barely when / before, the more the more (4) 边际主从连接词，例如：the instant, the moment, the minute, the second, each time, every time, next time, due to the fact that, for the reason that, in spite of the fact that, despite the fact that, on the ground (s) that, in the light of the fact that, regardless of the fact that, on account of the fact that, in the sense that, to the extent that词汇与搭配归纳：97: 1) care about / for, 2) raise / rise, 3) perform an act, 4) post / posture98: 5) draw / call / attract attention, 6) get to ones feet / on ones feet, 7) in danger / at risk, 99: 8) as / like, 9) on average, 10) provide / provide for, 11) despite / in spite of, 00: 12) (be / as) opposed to, 13) far from, 14) single / only, 15) differ from in , 16) by no means, 17) such as, 18) a great number of / a great deal of01: 19) with a feeling, 20) ask for, 21) life / living, 22) handle / deal with, 23) total / full02: 24) be (un)conscious of, 25) speak / speak out, 26) firstly / first, 27) per / every, 28) hold / hold together, far / away03: 29) height / high, 30) Europe / European, 31) to extent04: 32) set up, 33) on occasion, 34) rely on sb. to do sth., 35) make / make out, 36) interest / interests05: 37) irrespective of, 38) in the school / in school, 39) shorten / lessen, 40) give discounts on sth. / give discounts to sb.06: 41) way / order, 42) at sbs disposal, 43) see / understand07: 44) on grounds, 45) in return to / in reaction to, 46) emphasize / emphasize on, 47) to extent（03年考过）08: 48) in consequence / as a result, 49) move (n.) / movement, 50) distinctive / distinct, 51) accept / acknowledge, 52) stick to / stick on to, 53) in the end / at the end of , 54) carry on with09: 55) in general, 56) live (adj.) / alive, 57) let alone（前面没有to）要点归纳：1. 动词短语（与介词搭配）：care about / for, provide for, differ from in , ask for, speak out, hold together, set up, rely on sb. to do sth., make out, emphasize on, stick (on) to, carry on with, let alone2. 形容词与介词的搭配：(be) opposed to, be (un)conscious of, (be) irrespective of, 3. 名词与介词的搭配：on occasion, give discount on sth. / give discount to sb., on ground(s), in the end / at the end of4. 同义词：raise / rise, despite / in spite of, single / only, a great deal of / a great number of, life / living, handle / deal with, total / full, per / every, shorten / lessen, book / order, accept / acknowledge, live (adj.) / alive5. 同形词：post / posture, first / firstly, high / height, Europe / European, move / movement, distinct / distinctive6. 习惯语（词组）：get to ones feet / be on ones feet, in danger / at risk, on average, far from, by no means, such as, with a feeling, to extent, in school / in the school, at sbs disposal, in return to / in reaction to, in consequence / as a result, in general7. 习惯搭配：perform an act, draw / call / attract attention语法点归纳：1. 非谓语动词问题：1）重点是分词的主被动问题，用-ing还是-ed。99年：The hunter-gatherer tribes that today live like our prehistoric human ancestors consume primarily a vegetable diet supplementing with animal foods 2. _ supplementing - supplemented04年：This power is usually delegated to committees - either set up for a specific purpose, or joint committees consisted of members of both houses. 2. _consisted - consisting说明：分词用-ing还是-ed，主要看其与逻辑主语之间的关系。（1）在名词后作定语的分词，与前面的名词分析主被动关系，主动用-ing，被动用-ed；I did not quite understand the question _ (raise) by Professor Wang. (raised)Can you see the changes in society _ (result) from the use of computers? (resulting)（2）在句首或句尾作状语的分词，一般与句子主语分析主被动关系；_ (follow) a large group of students, the teacher came into the classroom. (Following)The teacher came into the classroom, _ (follow) by a large group of students. (followed)（3）作宾语补足语的分词与宾语分析主被动关系。Well have a car _ (wait) for you outside the cinema. (waiting)Well have a car _ (arrange) for to pick you up outside the cinema. (arranged)2) 除分词外，也有两次考到不定式。01年：They sold their wheat soon after harvest when farm debts were coming due, just to see prices rising (afterwards) 5. _just - only to说明：考不定式，往往是固定句型或搭配，例如：（1）too to do （2）in order to do（3）so as to do / so as to do（4）only to do (区别thus doing)（5）the first / last / next + 名词 + to do（6）be supposed / believed / to do / to have done2. 介词搭配：1）与动词、形容词、名词的固定搭配2）习惯语或固定词组中：get to ones feet / be on ones feet，in consequence / as a result3. 连接词：1）状语从句连接词（已讨论）2）定语从句连接词：主要是用错和漏用02年：Our own handwriting is something which we almost always know. 5. _which - that05年：The ways which universities make themselves attractive to students include soft majors, 7. _which前加上in07年：There is no material in any language today or in the earliest records of ancient languages shows us language in a new and emerging sate. . 2. _shows前加上that4. 冠词：1）名词的可数与不可数如99年diet前加a，03年a hundred years of a steady decline中steady decline前a删除，2）习惯短语中如98年中such a ，04年public前加上the05年in the school中删除the3）最高级前是否需要the / other前面是否需要the如00年：A rough and ready difference which may seem the most obvious is that 1. _删除most obvious前的the （常是表语）06年：These are among most striking of human achievements. 10. _Most前加上the（后面常有of限制性定语） communicate to the other English speakers删除the（不可能与所有其他English speakers交流） 5. 比较级问题：1) 下文中往往有than03年：Americans married at a high rate than their European counterparts 4. _07年： there are no remote tribes, no ancient records, providing evidence of a language with a large proportion of such cries than we find in English. 5. _（注意隔行信息）2）支撑词问题99年：Their blood cholesterol levels are very low (about half of the average American adult). 8. _half后面加支撑词that3）最高级前要加the4）the more the more 其它【参考资料1】英语中特殊的比较结构是阅读理解中的一个难点。较难的比较结构有下列一些：1）no + 比较级 + than / not any + 比较级 + than并不比. 更. / 就象（不）. 一样不.Chinas women, no less than men, are participating in all kinds of social work.中国的妇女象男子一样正在参加各种社会工作。 You cant stop worrying any more than you could stop breathing.就象你不能不呼吸一样，你不能不担心。 2）否定词 + 比较级表示最高级：“没有.比. 更.”The best shot in existence could not have done it more beautifully.世上最好的射手也不能打得比这一枪更漂亮了。She likes few things more than perfume.她最喜欢的几乎就是香水了。3）less A than B 并不是A，而是B，与其说是A，不如说是BI was less angry than surprised.我并不怎么生气，更多的倒是惊讶。4）more A than B并不是B，而是A ，与其说是B，不如说是 AThe child was more frightened than hurt.那孩子的伤倒不算什么，主要是受了惊吓。5）nothing less than / no less than 完全是，简直可以说是 Thats nothing less than a miracle. 那完全是一个奇迹。 The strike was no less than a national catastrophe.那场罢工简直是一场全国性的灾难。= nothing but 6）nothing more than / no more than 仅仅， 只不过 He was so poor that he had no more than 100 yuan. 他很穷，只有100元。 The thermostat is nothing more than an electric switch that opens and closes itself at the proper temperature. 恒温器只不过是一种到达适当温度就自动开关的电闸。7) not so much A as B与其说是A，不如说是BIt wasnt so much the clothes as the man himself who impressed immediately.立即给人以深刻印象的与其说是衣服，还不如说是这个人本身。8）no other than / none other than The man over there is _ our principal.A. no other but B. no other than C. no one than D. none other than（84年考研A卷）答案是D。在表达“不是别的，正是”时，一般用none other than，但在正式英语中，也可以用no other than来代替：Its no / none other than dear old Irving! (LDCE)It was no other than my old friend Jones. (ALD)9) A be to B what / as C be to D A对B来说，好比C对D Reading is to the mind what exercise is to the body. 读书对于思想好比运动对于身体一样。 Parks are to the city as lungs are to the body. 公园对于城市如同肺对于人体一样。6. 主谓一致：主要是单复数一致问题如98年关于neither的单复数问题，现在绝大多数语法学家依然认为neither在正式文体中作单数看待。【参考资料2】以-s结尾的名词作主语的主谓一致问题1-s结尾的名词不一定是复数 在英语中，部分以-s结尾的名词需要动词以单数形式与其保持一致，主要有1）表示学科含义的词，例如： Electronics（电子学）is the basis of all communications system. Mechanics（力学）has developed a lot in modern times. Thermodynamics（热力学）deals with the relationship between heat and other forms of energy. 又如：acoustics（声学），informatics（情报学，信息学），mathematics（数学），optics（光学），physics（物理学），plastics（塑料学）等等。 2）表示疾病名词的词，例如： Diabetes（糖尿病）is a common disease. Generally measles（麻疹）occurs in children. 又如：arthritis（关节炎），shingles（带状疱疹）等等。3）某些专有名词，例如：General Motors （通用汽车公司）produces many different types of cars.The United States（美国）exports a lot each year.又如：the United Nations（联合国），the New York Times（纽约时报）等等。2-s结尾的单词可以是单数，也可以是复数 在英语中也有相当一部分以-s结尾的名词，在一定的上下文中，既可以是单数，也可以是复数，例如： A series of accidents（一系列事故）has been reported in that power plant. There are two series of transformers（两种系列的变压器）used in this project。 Is this the only means （唯一的方法）to produce electricity in this area? There are various means（各种方法）of increasing our power production. 又如：steel-works（钢铁基地），species（物种），headquarters（指挥部），crossroads（十字路口）等等。 一般来说，确定这种名词的单复数，主要看它们前面有关数量的修饰词，a，the only等提示作单数用，two，various提示作复数用。3不是以-s结尾的名词也可以是复数 如前所述，-s结尾的名词不一定是复数；同样道理，不是以-s结尾的名词也不一定全是单数。英语中部分非-s结尾的名词要作为复数使用，例如： The committee（委员会）are divided in their opinion about the construction of a nuclear power station in that densely-populated area. Do vermin（害虫）do harm to electrical installations? 又如：police（警察），cattle（牲口），staff（员工），militia（民兵）poultry（家禽）等等。以集体名词作主语的主谓一致问题1通常作复数的集体名词police, people, cattle, militia, poultry, vermin2通常作单数的集体名词foliage（叶子），machinery, equipment, furniture, merchandise（商品）3需要上下文提示单复数的集体名词audience, committee, class（班级）, crew, family, government, public, council, teamThe football team is being reorganized.The football team are having baths and then coming back here for tea.以并列结构作主语的主谓一致问题1X and Y is / are .1) The X and the Y are .The fishing and the hunting in Arizons were good that year.2) a X and a Y are .A truck and a convertible were in the ditch.3) The X and Y is .The secretary and treasure is absent.4) X and Y (看成整体) is .Ham and eggs is a good breakfast.5) Adj.1 and Adj.2 + Noun. Are .Good and bad taste are inculcated by example.2. Each / Every + X and each / every +Y is .Every boy and every girl in this room is ebtitled to a copy.3. Many a X (and Y) is . Many a man (and woman) in this country finds