Grammar 定语从句复习.docx

Grammar 定语从句复习一、关系代词的基本用法(1) that 的用法即指人也指物，作主语，宾语，表语。在定语从句中，作_ 可以省略。She is the girl that you want to know. (宾语，指人)Do you like the book that you borrowed yesterday? (_,_)This is the factory that produces cars. (_,_)He is not the man that he used to be. (_,_)(2) which 的用法指物，作主语，宾语，作_可以省略。 The southern Great Wall is a place which is famous. (_,_)The building which they are building will be finished next week. (_,_)(3) who 的用法指人，作主语，宾语，作宾语可以省略。My friend is a teacher who is wise. (_,_)(4) whom 的用法指人，作宾语，可以省略，还可以用who 和that代替。Linda is the student whom I gave the book. (_,_)(5) whose 的用法 即指人也指物，作定语，指人相当于of whom; 指物相当于of which.Bill Gates is a businessman whose wealth ranks first in the world.I have a friend, _mother is my teacher.=I have a friend, the mother_ is my teacher.They live in a house ,_ windows face south.=They live in a house, the windows_ face south.(6) as 的用法1)即指人也指物，作主语，宾语。常用在the sameas; suchas; asas；as we all know,句型中。2)as翻译为“正如”,可以指代整个句子，放在句首和句中。I want to have such a computer _ he has. Ill buy the same dictionary _ you have. Yao Ming, _ you know, is an excellent basketball player.练习：who/whom/that/which/whose/as1. The earthquake_ hit the city in 1906 was the biggest in American history.2. We dont know the number of people _ lost their homes in 1906 earthquake3. The house _ they built in 1987 stayed up in the earthquake. 4. The boy wanted to have the same books _ she had. 5. Luckily none of the people _ I know were killed in the earthquake.6. Harry is the boy _ mother is our teacher.二、关系副词的用法关系副词 功能时间when(at/in/on which）时间状语地点where (in/at which)地点状语原因why(for which)原因状语即使先行词是时间地点原因,若作从句中的宾语，只能用关系代词that, which.而when, where, why在定语从句中作状语。 October 1,1949 is the day_ China is founded. October 1,1949 is the day _ we will never forget. This was the village _ we first meet. He got to the village _ his father once visited. I dont know the reason _ he was refused. I didnt accept the reason _ he explained. I like to live in the village _ there is plenty of fresh air. This was the village _ we first reached.三、由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句结构是：指物“介词+which”； 指人“介词+whom”1. 介词来源A.与先行词的搭配关系on which ; during which; in which; by which; at which1）I will never forget the day _ I joined the army.2) I will never forget the days _ I worked in the school.3) I will never forget the year _ my son went to college.4) I got home at 7:00 p.m. yesterday, _most people had finished supper.5) I got home at 7:00 p.m. yesterday, _most people were having supper.B. 与定语从句谓语动词的搭配1）Have you found the book _ I paid 29 US dollars?2) Have you found the book _ I spent 29 US dollars?3) Have you found the book _ we learnt a lot?4) Have you found the book _ she often talks?2. 介词的位置1）The chair on which she is sitting is made of wood. The chair (which/that) she is sitting on is made of wood.2) Is this the book which you are looking for?介词for不能与 look分开。常用的不可拆开的动词习语有： care for喜欢、关心 deal with处理、对付、处置、论述 get through渡过难关 hear fromofabout收到某人的来信听说 look forafter寻找照顾 send for派人去请 see to照顾、料理3. 注意点I bought a car yesterday the color of which is white.= I bought a car yesterday of which the color is white.= I bought a car yesterday _ color is white.练习：用介词关系代词填空1 The boy was staying in the room, the window _ he could climb down.2. Hes the man _ I learnt the news.3. Whos the comrade _ you just shook hands?4. There are 52 students in our class, _ nearly 40 are League members.5. The old man always wears his glasses _he cant see anything.6. The key_ she was opening the door broke.7. The library _ we often go on Sundays is not far from our school.8. No one knew the reason _ she was leaving so early.四、定语从句注意点注意：1. 在下列情况下, 用_而不用which。A. 当先行词有“人”又有“物”时 They are talking about the factory，the leaders and the workers _they visited yesterday.B. 先行词为all, everything, nothing, something, anything, 等不定代词时。Dont throw away anything _may be of use.Ill do all_ I can to help you. C. 先行词为序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。This is the first step _we should take. This is the most interesting film _Ive ever seen.D. 先行词被the very, the only，any, all, every, no, some, little, much等修饰词修饰时. Mary is the only girl _likes playing football.You are the very man_ can do the job well.Ive read all the books _are about this matter.E.当主句为 who或which引导的特殊疑问句时Who is the girl _is talking with your teacher?Which is the pencil _you used just now?注意：2. 在下列情况下, 用_而不用thatA. 介词后 This is the book _ she described his miserable life. B. 非限制性定语从句 The weather turned out to be fine, _ was a surprise. I wont tell them the news, _ makes them unhappy.注意：3.在下列情况下, 用_而不用that1. those/anyone/one/ones指人 Those _ dare to break the school rules will be punished.2.there be 结构，主语是人 There is a young man _ wants to see you at the school gate.注意：4. 主谓一致1. Those who _ to go to the cinema must be at the school gate by 3:30 p.m. (want)2. He who _ the great wall is not a true man. (not reach)3. She is the only one of the girls who _ been to Beijing. (have)4. He is one of the boys who _ seen the film. (have)5. I, who _ your friend, will try my best to help you. (be)注意：5. that在定语从句中做宾语可以省略。1. The story he told was interesting.2. The book she bought it for me is wonderful. 注意: 避免关系词的重复，被关系代词所代替的部分不可在从句中复现 The factory where he works there is a large one This is the factory which we visited it last Sunday. 注意: 特殊先行词 the way在定语从句中状语时，that/in which/省略 situation, stage, point, position -in which; where1. I dont like the way _he treated his parents. 2. The way_ he showed us is simple. 3. They have reached the point _ they have to separate with each other.注意8: 定语从句和并列句的区别1. I have many friends，some of _ are businessmen(定语从句)2. I have many friends，of _ some are businessmen(_)3. I have many friends；some of _ are businessmen(_)4. I have many friends，and some of _ are businessmen.(_)5. Mr Li has three daughters, none of _ is an engineer. (_)6. Mr Li has three daughters, but none of _ is an engineer. (_)A. that B. whom C. which D. them注意 9：定语从句与同位语从句的区别1. The news _ he would come made us excited. (_)2. The news _ he told us made us excited. (_)3. We expressed the hope _ they had expressed. (_)4. We expressed the hope _ they would come to China again. (_)注意10：定语从句与强调句1. It is on the morning of May 1st _ I met John at the airport.2. It is the morning of May 1st _ I met John at the airport.3. It is in the factory _ John works.4. It is the factory _ John works.注意11：定语从句与地点状语从句1. He left the place _ he lived for many years. (_)2. The visitor asked the guide to take his picture _ stands the famous tower. (_)注意12：定语从句与单句1. The mother told the lazy boy to work, _ didnt help.2. The m