大学英语之基础英语综合教程第二册Unit 8 Key to rcises.doc

Unit 8 Key to exercises:Vocabulary exercises:I. Explain the underlined part in each sentence in your own words.1. except, apart from2. essentially, basically3. whenever it is possible4. over a long period5. different, replacementII. Fill in the blank in each sentence with a word taken from the box in its appropriate form.1. focus2. much the same3. consciousness4. threat5. deserved6. decomposed7. revealed8. frequentIII. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of the given words.1. perusal2. intensified3. excessive4. speculative5. abundance6. inclusive7. emits8. locallyIV. Choose the word or phrase that can replace the underlined part in each sentence without changing its original meaning.1. A2. D3. B4. C5. D6. A7. C8. AV. Give a synonym or an antonym of the word underlined in each sentence in the sense it is used.1.Synonym: mainly, basically, firstly2.Antonym: unfortunately, unluckily3.Antonym: exclude4.Synonym:part, division5.Antonym: decrease, lowering6.Antonym: unavailable7.Synonym: weak, insecure, unsafe8. Antonym: irresponsibleVI. Write in each space one word that has the same stem as underlined in each given word.1. centigrade centimeter 2. kilogram kilometer 3. synopsis synthetic 4. supervise superior 5. submarine submerge 6. astronaut astronomy 7. microbiology microwave 8. overwork overload Grammar exercises:I. Complete the following sentences using the appropriate verb forms.1. began; have had2. Have; talked; have talked; talked3. has invented4. have telephoned; went5. have been6. has got / has gotten7. has been8. have forgotten9. has gone; did he go10. was; has disappearedII. Make sentences using the time adverbials given.The answers are openIII. Compare the following pairs of sentences and explain the difference.1. a. The verb here is in simple present form. “Has got” signals stative possession. “Got” is often omitted in written style.b. “Has gotten” means “has obtained” and conveys the sense of an accomplishment.2. For some speakers of American English, these two sentences are synonymous. However, other speakers feel there is the following difference:a. It reflects the speakers point of view. The speaker just heard the news and wants to know if the listener just heard it too.b. This sentence is spoken more likely with the listeners perspective in mind. (i.e. the listener looks surprised or shocked, so the speaker tries to show empathy and asks if the listener has just heard the news).3. a. It is a definite query about a past event.b. It is a question about an indefinite past event.4. a. It conveys the sense that he is still suffering from the pain.b. It refers to a past event that has no present relevance.5. a. Jim is in Italy now or he is on his way there.b. Jim has now left Italy.6. a. It is in the morning that the speaker asks the question/b. It is in the afternoon or evening that the speaker asks the question.7. a. The present perfect tense suggests that “today” is not finished at the time of speaking. Perhaps the speaker will drink more before today is finished.b. The past tense here is used to present a fact that happened today.8. a. It implies that he has passed away.b. He is still living in the village.IV.Correct the errors, where found, in the following sentences.1. have had have2. have been be 3. laying lying4. bore bear5. Rang Rung6. rised risen7. cleaned clean; created create8. the voting age had been lowered the voting age has been loweredV. Fill in the blanks with because, as, since, seeing that, for or because of.1. As / Since2. because / as3. As / Since / Seeing that4. because5. because of6. As / Since7. for8. as / because9. because of10. forVI. Make sentences of your own after the sentence given below, keeping the parts in italics in your sentences.1. e.g. Ive no complaint. As far as Im concerned, everything was perfect. I dont enjoy traveling, Im afraid. As far as I am concerned, it would just be a waste of money.2. e.g. According to the continental theory, the surface of the Earth is like the cracked shell of a soft-boiled egg. According to the recent polls, sixty to seventy percent of Americans consider themselves to be moderately happy and one in twenty persons feels very unhappy.Translation exercises:I. Translate the following sentences into Chinese.1. 到因特网上查一查就可以证明，全球变暖这个主题在公众意识中已经和麦当娜和微波炉一样根深蒂固了。2. 如果我们不限制温室气体的排放，低地国家就可能会遭到海水的冲刷，全世界雨水和干旱的规律就可能发生变化，飓风可能会更加频繁，厄尔尼诺现象也可能更为严重。3. 我们还主张实施有关政策，与全球变暖现象进行长期斗争，如驾驶使用替代燃料的清洁汽车、采用有利于环境保护的可再生能源技术，以及阻止滥伐宝贵的森林。4. 这个问题需要所有的人包括各国政府、工业界、社团，以及个人的协同合作，才会有真正的改观。II.Translate the following sentences into English, using the words and phrases given in brackets. 1. After months of negotiation, the two companies finally came up with a solution, which was in essence our original proposal.2. The people of the African tribe worship the moon in much the same way that our ancestors worshipped the sun.3. It is still a puzzle as to how the ancient Egyptian pyramids were built over 4,000 years ago. Some people speculate that they were built by supernatural beings.4. The illegal use of inferior building materials eventually resulted in the collapse of the hotel.5. At present, many countries are taking action to mitigate the impact of the financial crisis on their economy.6. The couple finally divorced after years of incessant quarrels, which had resulted from a lack of understanding.7. The governments of the two countries agreed to set up a military hotline to reduce the risk of war due to incorrect information.8. Some Chinese students were not very successful in American universities because they failed to adapt to the new environment there.Exercises for integrated skills:I. Dictation.It could be the title of a 21st-century horror movie: / “Death by Global Warming.” / Instead, it is a real-life warning / from an American university ecologist / who believes / global warming / may account for / millions of human deaths from disease. / Right now / the evidence of / significant global climate change / is minimal, / but there are already / noticeable increases / in human diseases worldwide. / Most of the increase in disease / is due to numerous environmental factors, / including infectious disease, / pollution by chemicals / and biological wastes, / and shortage of food. / Global warming will only / make matters worse. /Global climate change / will result in a loss of available food. / Although there may be some benefits / in crop production from warmer climates, / these beneficial effects / will not be so great. / Crop losses from plant disease and weeds / will increase in a warmer climate. /II. Fill in each blank in the passage below with ONE word you think appropriate.Global warming is the mother and father of environmental problems today. The degree of agreement (1) among international scientists is remarkable: a 1.5C to 4.5C warming by 2050, (2) with a possible rise in sea levels over the same period of 1.5 to 1.65 metres. Some scientists go much further in their predictions. Some, (3) by contrast, believe there are still far too many factors involved (like not knowing whether cloud cover slows down or speeds (4) up the process of global warming, or just how (5) much carbon dioxide the oceans can absorb to make any definitive interpretation of the data.It should be noted that it is the scientists who are driving the global warming agenda, (6) not the environmental pressure groups. It was the Changing the Atmosphere Conference in Toronto in June 1988 which alerted the media (7) to the importance of the Greenhouse Effect by describing it (8) as “an unintended, uncontrolled, globally pervasive experiment (9) whose ultimate consequences could be second only (10) to global nuclear war.”Writing:Exercise: Now write two separate paragraphs respectively based on the following two topic sentences. 1. It is hard to overestimate the importance of friendship.Ideas for reference:Friends are an indispensable part of humans life.Friends are the very persons that we get comforts and encouragements.Friends are our best fans whatever we do if it is good for us.Sample:As the saying goes “Whoever is delighted in solitude is either a wild beast or a god”, friends are an indispensable part of humans life. “A person without friends is just like a spring without flowers, a dish without seasoning, and it is absolutely meaningless”, as an ancient writer put it. Needless to say, friends play a significant role in our life. To begin with, friends are the very persons that we get comforts and encouragements we need to go on when our own store of willpower has become depleted. No one is bound to be strong and happy all the time, for life has its own up and down. And whenever we need them, friends will be with us, if not always, at least most of the time. Moreover, friends are our best fans whatever we do if it is good for us. When we put on a play, they will be our audiences; when give a speech, they will be our listeners; when we write a book, they will be our readers. In a word, friends are the very persons that we feel flattered and relaxed no matter what stage we stand on. All in all, we have to say that it is hard to overestimate the importance of friendship and having friends is beneficial. They give us comforts and encouragements; strengths and confidences. Actually, “Truly great friends,” said a writer, “are hard to find, difficult to leave, and impossible to forget.” Therefore, we should cherish our friendship.2. Setting oneself high goals in life is important.Ideas for reference:Aim plays a significant role in our life.Setting high goals makes us clearer of life.Setting high goals helps us use our time more efficiently.Setting high goals turns us more confident.Sample:As the saying goes “Living without an aim is like sailing without a compas