大学英语单选题及阅读理解完形填空.doc

I. INTRODUCTION King, Martin Luther, Jr. (1929-1968), American clergyman and Nobel prize winner, one of the principal leaders of the American civil rights movement and a prominent advocate of nonviolent protest. Kings challenges to segregation and racial discrimination in the 1950sand 1960s helped convince many white Americans to support the cause of civil rights in the United States. After his assassination in 1968, King became a symbol of protest in the struggle for racial justice. II. EDUCATION AND EARLY LIFE Martin Luther King, Jr., was born in Atlanta, Georgia, the eldest son of Martin Luther King, Sr., a Baptist minister, and Alberta Williams King. King attended local segregated public schools, where he excelled. He entered nearby Morehouse College at age 15 and graduated with a bachelors degree in sociology in 1948. After graduating with honors from Crozer Theological Seminary in Pennsylvania in 1951, he went to Boston University where he earned a doctoral degree in systematic theology in 1955. Kings public-speaking abilitieswhich would become renowned as his position grew in the civil rights movementdeveloped slowly during his collegiate years. He won a second-place prize in s speech contest while an undergraduate at Morehouse, but received Cs in two public-speaking courses in his first year at Crozer. By the end of his third year at Crozer, however, professors were praising King for the powerful impression he made in public speeches and discussions. III. THE MONTGOMERY BUS BOYCOTT Montgomerys black community had long-standing grievances (怨愤) about the mistreatment of blacks on city buses. Many white bus drivers treated blacks rudely, often cursing them and humiliating them by enforcing the citys segregation laws, which forced black riders to sit in the back of buses and give up their seats to white passengers on crowded buses. By the early 1950s Montgomerys blacks had discussed boycotting the buses in an effort to gain better treatmentbut not necessarily to end segregation. On December 1, 1955, Rosa Parks, a leading member of the local branch of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), was ordered by a bus driver to give up her seat to a white passenger. When she refused, she was arrested and taken to jail. Local leaders of the NAACP, especially Edgar D. Nixon, recognized that the arrest of the popular and highly respected Parks was the event that could gather local blacks to a bus protest. Nixon also believed that a citywide protest should be led by someone who could unify the community. Unlike Nixon and other leaders in Montgomerys black community, the recently arrived King had no enemies. Furthermore, Nixon saw Kings public-speaking gifts as great assets in the battle for black civil rights in Montgomery. King was soon chosen as president of the Montgomery Improvement Association (MIA), the organization that directed the bus boycott. The Montgomery bus boycott lasted for more than a year, demonstrating a new spirit of protest among Southern blacks. Kings serious actions and consistent appeal to Christian brotherhood and American idealism made a positive impression on whites outside the South. Incidents of violence against black protesters, including the bombing of Kings home, focused media attention on Montgomery. In February 1956 a lawyer for the MIA filed a lawsuit in federal court seeking an injunction (指令) against Montgomerys segregated (隔离的) seating practices. The federal court ruled in favor of the MIA, ordering the citys buses to be desegregated, but the city government appealed the ruling to the United States Supreme Court. By the tie the Supreme Court upheld the lower court decision in November 1956, King was a national figure. His memoir of the bus boycott, Stride Toward Freedom (1958), provided a thoughtful account of that experience and further extended Kings national influence. IV. CIVIL RIGHTS LEADERSHIP In 1957 King helped found the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), an organization of black churches and ministers that aimed to challenge racial segregation. As SCLCs president, King became the organizations dominant personality and its primary intellectual influence. He was responsible of much of the organizations fund-raising, which he frequently conducted in conjunction with preaching engagements in Northern churches. SCLC sought to complement the NAACPs legal efforts to end segregation through the courts, with King and other SCLC leaders encouraging the use of nonviolent direct action to protest discrimination. These activities included marches, demonstrations, and boycotts. The violent responses that direct action caused by some whites eventually forced the federal government to confront the issues of injustice and racism in the South. King made strategic alliances with Northern whites that would lead to his success at influencing public opinion in the United States. Through Bayard Rustin, a black civil rights and peace activist, King built connections to older radical activist, many of them Jewish, who provide money and advice about strategy. Kings closest adviser at times was Stanley Levison, a Jewish activist and former member of the American communist Party. King also developed strong ties to leading white Protestant ministers in the North, with whom he shared theological and moral views. V. SCLC PROTEST CAMPAIGNS In the early 1960s King led SCLC in a series of protest campaigns that gained national attention.The first was in 1961 in Albany, Georgia, where SCLC joined local demonstrations against segregated restaurants, hotels, transit, and housing. SCLC increased the size of the demonstrations in an effort to create so much dissent and disorder that local white officials would be forced to end segregation to restore normal business relations. The strategy did not work in Albany. During months of protests, Albanys police chief jailed hundreds of demonstrators without visible police violence. Eventually the protesters energy, and the money to bail out protesters, ran out. The strategy did work, however, in Birmingham, Alabama, when SCLC joined a local protest during the spring of 1963. The protest was led by SCLC member Fred Shuttlesworth, one of the ministers who had worked with King in 1957 in organizing SCLC. Shuttlesworth believed that the Birmingham police commissioner, Eugene “Bull” Connor, would meet protesters with violence. In May 1963 King and his SCLC staff developed antisegregation marches in Birmingham by encouraging teenagers and school children to join. Hundreds of singing children filled the streets of downtown Birmingham, angering Connor, who sent police officers with attack dogs and firefighters with high-pressure water hoses against the marchers. Scenes of young protesters being attacked by dogs and pinned against buildings by torrents of water from fire hoses were shown in newspapers and on televisions around the world. During the demonstrations, King was arrested and sent to jail. He wrote a letter from his jail cell to local clergymen who had criticized him for creating disorder in the city. His “Letter from Birmingham City Jail”, which argued that individuals had the moral right and responsibility to disobey unjust laws, was widely read at the time and added to Kings standing as a moral leader. National reaction to the Birmingham violence built support for the struggle for black civil rights. The demonstrations forced white leaders to negotiate an end to some forms of segregation in Birmingham. Even more important, the protests encouraged many Americans to support national legislation against segregation. 1. From the passage we are aware that Martin Luther King Jr. A) was one of the initial leaders of the American civil rights movement B) was a supporter of violent protest C) helped white Americans to strive for their civil rights D) became a typical representative of fighting with racial discrimination 2. The word “segregation” in Paragraph 1 most probably means . A) discrimination B. rebellion C. oppression D. isolation 3. Which of the following is TRUE about Martin Luther King Jr. according to the second part of passage? A) He didnt do well when studying in local segregated public schools. B) As an undergraduate, he specialized in science of society. C) His public-speaking talent wasnt noticeable until he delivered speeches in civil rights movement. D) While studying at Crozer as a freshman, his gift in public speaking was praised by professors. 4. What is the cause that urged Montgomery blacks to launch a bus boycott? A) the imprisonment of Ross Park. B) Edgar D. Nixons appeal. C) Kings public-speaking gifts. D) Kings serious actions and consistent appeal. 5. We can infer from the third part of the passage that . A) King determined to call on a bus boycott in Montgomery B) Montgomery is in the south part of America C) Kings actions and appeal impressed whites in Montgomery D) United States Supreme Court wasnt in favor of the lower court decision 6. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as one of the nonviolent activities encouraged by SCLC leaders? A) Demonstrations. B) boycotts. C) Marches D) Debate. 7. Which of the following is actual description about the Birmingham violence? A) It is the first campaign among series of SCLC protest campaigns led by King. B) The antisegregation marches in Birmingham were formed by adult blacks. C) King and his companions were arrested and imprisoned during the demonstration. D) National reaction to the violence was so strong that significant influence was brought to segregation and black civil right. 8. During Kings theological development, _influenced King a lot. 9.King was chosen as president of MIA because of_ 10. King tried to make friends with older radical activists in order to_.11.They think theyre okay because they can get _ on 6.5 hours, when they really need 7.5, 8 or even more to feel genetic. A) at B) to C) by D) into 12. In the last few years, the Internet and the World Wide Web have become _words; almost everyone has heard of them. A) family B) home C) house D) household 13. The student refused to content himself _ the answer. A) with B) to C) on D) about 14. As the semester is drawing to an end, the student union is calling on all the students to _ the temptation to cheat on exams. A) refuse B) resist C) reject D) resolve 15. It took him several months to _ the wild horse. A) tend B) cultivate C) breed D) tame 16.Fifty years ago, wealthy people liked hunting wild animals for fun _sightseeing. A) rather than to go B) more than going C) other than going D) than to go 17. The _ of older persons is relatively low in developing countries, but it is growing much faster than in the west. A) addition B) majority C) percentage D) statistic 18. He _a chemical on the crops to kill the pests. A) prays B) spreads C) sprays D) sprains 19. Whenever a big company _ a small one, the product almost always gets worse. A) cuts down B) puts up with C) gets on with D) takes over 20. _ I resented the society. A) At one time B) At a time C) At once D) On one occasion 21. The local government has a plan to cut _on industrial production. A) back B) C) under D) over 22. Extensive reporting on television has helped to _ interest in a wide variety of sports and activities. A) assemble B) generate C) yield D) gather 23. Although a teenager, Fred could resist _ what to do and what not to do. A) being told B) telling C) to be told D) to tell 24. We tested our new teaching methods _ a small scale. If ok, we may apply it to all classes. A) at B) of C) on D) to 25. Without proper lessons, you could _ a lot of bad habits when playing the piano. A) keep up B) catch up C) pick up D) draw up 26.During the lecture, the speaker occasionally _ his point by relating his own experiences. A) hinted B) illustrated C) cited D) displayed 27. The Car Club couldnt _ to meet the demands of all its members. A) assume B) ensure C) guarantee D) confirm28.As peoples living standards improve, the health and beauty business is _ with more sophisticated products than ever before. A) astonishing B) flourishing C) exaggerating D) diminishing 29. After the robbery, the shop bought a sophisticated alarm system as an insurance _ future losses. A) against B) from C) towards D) for 66. 30.There is a whole _ of bills waiting to be paid. A) stock B) stack C) number D) sequence _31_ was not a coincidence that it was called the Underground Railroad. Steam railroads had just _32_ and the terms used to describe the people who helped and the fugitives were _33_ to the railroad line. Fugitive slaves were called “parcels” and “passengers” , the helpers were the “conductors”, the people who provided their homes as _34_ were called “stationmasters”, and the homes were referred _35_ “depots” or “stations”. As an African-American, Hensons painful life as a slave _36_ his determination to struggle for freedom. Shortly _37_ he achieved freedom he became a member of an organization that _38_ fugitive slaves. He secretly returned to the United States from Canada several times to help others to travel the Underground Railroad _39_freedom. Once, some slave catchers _40_ in on the _41_ slaves and Henson when they were on the_42_. He _43_ them as funeral procession and successfully avoided _44_. _45_, later he built a small _46_in Dresden, Canada for _47_ slaves, _48_ up a chapel and a school where they could learn useful ways of making a living. He held _49_ the conviction _50_ slavery would be abolished, all the slaves would be liberated, and the day was bound to come when racial discrimination no longer existed. 31. A) That B) This C) It D) what 32.A) emerged B) happened C) been appeared D) come out 33.A) relevant B) linked C) related D) attached 34. A) refugees B) shelter C) refuge D) protection 35.A) as B) for C) to D) to as 36. A) empowered B) enforced C) increased D) strengthened 37. A) soon B) before C) after D) later 38. A) saved B) assisted C) aided D) helped 39. A) to B) for C) with D) onto 40. A) caught B) closed C) came D) surrounded 41. A) escaped B) run C) escaping D) running 42. A) way B) run C) running D) escape 43. A) protected B) sheltered C) disguised D) dressed 44. A) catching B) capture C) to catch D) to capture 45. A) But B) Though C) In addition D) On the other hand 46. A) house B) settlement C) home D) family 47. A) escaped B) escaping C) escape D) to escape 48. A) set B) setting C) built D) building 49. A) onto B) on C) to D) up 50. A) by which B) which C) what D) that51.Finding a job with steady income after my graduation_(是我梦寐以求的事). 52._(我父亲是那家餐馆的常客)and all of the waiters know him well. 53.Not everyone agrees on what is right and what is wrong, _(对于小孩什么是好什么是坏也并非人人看法一致). 54.Until the new gym is built, _(除了充分利用你别无选择)existing buildings which may or may not suit your immediate requirements. 55.Often it is in overcoming hardships _(我们方知珍惜生命的价值). 1. The smell of roses _ with that of fresh air after a summer rain. A) weaved B) fused C) distracted D) mingled 2. The university graduate who lacked basic communicational skills and professional skills was obviously not _ the position. A) competent to B) capable of C) capable to D) compete for 3. Excessive respect for authority still _ Japans institution. A) scattered B) permeated C) distributed D) spread 4. People living in cities have easy _ to all means of transportations. A) chance B) way C) opportunity D) access 5. One simple injection can help to protect you right through the cold months when flu is more _. A) vocational B) fashionable C) prevalent D) instantaneous 6. In the very first class, our professor gave us a _ recommended reading-list. A) formidable B) available C) competent D) prevalent 7. She was in a _ as to whether to get a job or go to graduate school.A) accessory B) dilemma C) breakthrough D) literacy 8. A great number of aged people are still in complete _ of the operation of ATM. A) misunderstanding B) negligence C) ignorance D) awareness 9. This conversation may have been _ for his future choice of career. A) decisive B) resolved C) determined