大学英语四六级口语考试环节及注意事项.doc

二、口语考试注意事项 PETS口试是由三节组成的，在第一节考试中，互动交际是在主考官和两位考生之间进行的。一开始，主考官与考生要相互打招呼并进行简单的介绍。 主考官在从考生手中索回登分卡后，询问考生的姓名，有时可能还要问他的姓名怎样拼写或全名怎样拼写。也许，在某些考生的眼中，他们会认为这是多余问题，在此，特别要向考生说明一下，这类问题不多余，原因如下：第一，主考官所提出的问题都是按照大纲上的要求进行的，一般说来，主考官的问话不能偏离考试大纲。第二，让考生说出姓名、拼写名字，可以初步观察考生对问题的反应能力、发音情况以及英语的熟练流利程度。第三，为缓和考试气氛，通过提问这种熟悉常见的问题，可以逐渐把话题过渡到口语考试的内容上。另外，在第一节考试中，按照考试的程序，考生应该做到问什么，回答什么，考生一般不宜过于主动。有些考生当主考只问了一个问题的时候，就一口气回答了很多涉及下面即将要回答的问题。这样，一来打乱了考试的提问步骤，二来容易使人觉得好像是在背诵事先准备好的东西。在第一节考试中，有发挥性的问题供考生发表意见。如有关Leisure话题中，有这样的问题：“Is there anywhere you would particularly like to visit？ Why？”对于这道问题，考生可根据自己的情况说：“Yes， there is.”或“No， there isnt.”在主考询问“Why？”之后，考生便可进行自由发挥，但也不宜过长，因为考试的时间是有限的。在考试中，考生应注意的是，要根据提问的问题，从条理性、逻辑上去组织语言，所谈的内容尽可能切题达意，不说与题无关的话，不说意义不明显的话，不说前言不搭后语的话，条理与连贯在考试中显得比较重要。如果一时语塞或想不起确切的表达方式，千万不要缄口不语，而是应该适当运用前面所说的“填空词”（mouth-filling phrases 或 hesitation fillers），如“mm，um，err，well， I mean， I think， you see， you know， how shall I put it”等。适时运用这类填空词，表明发言人还在积极地思索与考虑，马上就会继续讲话，从而避免令人尴尬的冷场局面。在第二节活动中，互动交际是在两位考生之间进行的。主考老师只是负责向考生交代要求然后就退让一旁，然后观察考生之间进行合作交流的表面情况。在第二节口试活动中，考生应该注意以下3点： 第一，不要把主考官当成交流对象，讲话时应对着自己的搭档而不是对着主考官。第二，此节活动是讨论，要求考生发言机会均等，故不要将此节考试引向一种单纯的一人提问、一人回答的局面。讨论应该在两位考生之间进行，对所讨论的问题，无论是赞同还是反对，或者另有见解，都应该以你一言我一语的形式进行。切忌一个人长时间地讲而另一个人长时间地听。若出现这种局面，听者应该以得体的交际语言予以中止、打断。类似“Im sorry， I have to interrupt you.”； “Excuse me， what did you say just now？”； “Im afraid I have to stop you， but”这样的话语，考生应该掌握。若在本节讨论活动中，一方发言已毕，而另一方仍沉默不语。类似“This is my point of view. What do you think of it？”； “Can you tell me something about it？”； “Do you agree with me or do you disagree with me？”； “Whats your opinion？”这样的话语，可以鼓励对方开口，从而形成良好的“你来我往”的讨论局面。总之，考生应把握本节的重点，积极主动、有效地在考生之间进行交流。双方都应该对会话中的“轮换体系”敏感，保证“每次至少有一方在说话”。在第二节活动中，考生应礼貌退让；想插话时，用得体的语言争取发言权；出现冷场场面时，要善于适时切换话题。只有这样，讨论才能进行得有声有色，顺利进行，达到互动交际的目的。第三，考生应走出两个误区。一是“少说为佳”。这种情况出现在考生中一方水平有限，言语短缺，加上开口说话容易犯错，因此，当其搭档在讲话时，宁愿当听众而无意去接过话题。其实，考生在这节中的参与意识和投入讨论的次数，是主考老师评分的一个准则，不要认为“少说为佳”，而是要寻找机会，中止搭档的发言，夺回自己的发言权。另一种情况是考生很健谈，一个劲地说，表现出一种“话霸”的作用。这样就不太合适。这一节应该是两考生之间的互动交际，是双方共同参与的讨论活动过程，如果一方不停地讲，而不顾另一方的存在，也有违反会话中的“合作原则”之嫌，也应该予以回避。第三节，考生对各自所持有的口试试卷给出的信息或画面进行连续表达。一方面发表意见时，另一方认真倾听其发言内容，并在该方表达完毕之后，听者须对说话者的话题内容进行提问。 Topic Area: Information Technology Topic: Surfing the Net Questions: (Warm-up questions) It is easy for you to access the Internet? (If yes How often? If not Why not?) People often say we are now living in a small world. Whats your opinion? What do you think is the most convenient means of communication? (Please give your reasons.) Mobile phones are popular with teenagers. Do you think its a good thing? (Why or why not?) More and more people are using mobile phones. What do you think about that How do you usually communicate with your family and friends? Discussion: Whether student access to certain Internet sites should be controlled. Please talk about surfing the Net with respect to the advantages and disadvantages listed on your card: C1: useful information / harmful information C2: communication via the Internet / junk email, computer viruses, etc. C3: e-learning / overindulging in computer games C4: e-shopping / computer crimes Last questions: Whats your advice to classmates and friends who spend too much time surfing the Net? Its said that students who major in information technology are likely to get a good job. Whats your opinion? Do you think e-learning is an efficient way of learning? (Why or why not?) What websites do you often visit? (Why?) What do you think is the future of e-business? - Topic Area: University Life Topic: Coping with Stress Questions: (Warm-up questions) What do you think of campus life? Hows the food in your school dining hall? How often do you have tests? What if you dont do well on the tests? How do you usually spend your weekends? What would you do if you feel lonely on campus? Discussion: How to cope with the stress students may experience while studying at school Please talk about the kind of pressure college students may experience as specified on your card: C1: Academic pressure. C2: Financial pressure. C3: Job-hunting pressure. C4: Emotional pressure. Last questions: Why is it important for college students to learn to cope with stress? Do you think it a good habit to stay up late before an examination? (Why or why not?) Do you think pressure is always a bad thing? (Why or why not?) Do you thing school authorities are paying enough attention to students psychological health? (Please explain.) Do you think psychological counseling can help students relieve their stress? (Why or why not?) - Topic Area: Elderly People Topic: Life After Retirement Questions: (Warm-up questions) Can you say something about your grandparents? What do you think elderly people need most? (Please give your reasons.) Some people find a new job after they retire. What do you think about that? What kind of jobs do you think are available for elderly people? Why? What can elderly people do to stay healthy? What should we do to show our concern for elderly people? Discussion: Whether early retirement should be encouraged in China. Please describe peoples life after retirement as shown in your pictures and comment on them. C1: Traveling C2: Learning something new. C3: Taking care of grandchildren. C4: Having a good time. Last questions: Why do some people prefer late retirement to early retirement? Do you think elderly people would like to live in homes for the elderly? (Please explain.) Do you think jogging is good exercise for elderly people? (Please explain.) What can people do for their community after they retire? Do elderly people like living with their children or grandchildren? (Why or why not?) Topic area: Modern Cities Topic: Improvement of Housing Part I. Warm-up questions 1. How do you like city life? Which aspect of city life do you find most enjoyable? 2. What are the advantages of living in the city? 3. What are the disadvantages of living in the city? 4. What do you think of peoples living conditions in your hometown? 5. What are the major industries in your hometown? 6. Why do some people prefer to live in the countryside? 7. What do you think is special about your hometown? Part II. Discussion and cards Discussion: What impact these changes have on peoples life? Pictures of improvement and changes in housing. Talk about the improvement of housing with regard to .as shown in the pictures on your card. (Before China carried out reforms and started opening up.) (After China carried out reforms and started opening up.) Card 1 : living space 高低床，餐桌，锅碗瓢盆等挤在一间小屋子vs 宽敞客厅，复式楼 Card 2: furniture and facilities 高低床，简陋餐桌，煤炉，锅碗瓢盆等挤在一间小屋子v s沙发，冰箱，电视，HI FI, 柜式空调 Card 3: the surroundings and public services 满街挂满晾晒衣服，早餐摊点，垃圾堆，拥挤的弄堂，公厕，当街洗衣VS 干净整洁的生活小区，健身区，喷泉，停车库 Card 4: the variety of architecture 平房，职工大院，街道狭窄，低于6层的楼房VS 高楼，别墅，喷泉，宽敞的生活小区 Part III. Last questions: 1. Are you satisfied with the living conditions in your dormitory? Why or why not? 2. Why shouldnt students be encouraged t live off campus? 3. Do you think public transportation in this city is convenient? (please give your reasons) 4. Do you think technology make our life easier and more enjoyable? Why do you think so? 5.Can you say something about the changes in home ownership over the years - Topic area: University Life Topic: Planning for the Summer vacation Part I. Warm-up questions 1. Do you find your life on campus enjoyable? (please explain) 2. How do you spend the last winter vacation? 3. How do you usually spend your weekends? 4. What optional courses do you take? (why do you choose them?) 5. Did it take you long to get adapted to campus life