河北省昌黎县高考英语阅读理解和短文改错训练（12）.doc

河北省昌黎县2016高考英语阅读理解和短文改错训练（12）阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的a,b,c或d四个选项中，选出最佳选项。how is it that siblings (兄弟姐妹) can turn out so differently? one answer is that in fact each sibling grows upin a different family. the firstborn is, for a while, an only child, and therefore has a completely different experience of the parents than those born later. the next child is, for a while, the youngest, until the situation is changed by a new arrival. the mother and father themselves are changing and growing up too. one sibling might live in a stable and close family in the first few years; another might be raised in a family crisis, with a disappointed mother or an angry father.sibling competition was identified as an important shaping force as early as in 1918. but more recently, researchers have found many ways in which brothers and sisters are a lasting force in each otherslives. dr. annette henderson says firstborn children pick up vocabulary more quickly than their siblings. the reason for this might be that the later children arent getting the same one- on- one time with parents. but that doesnt mean that the younger children have problems with language development. later- borns dont enjoy that much talking time with parents, but instead they harvest lessons from bigger brothers and sisters, learning entire phrases and getting an understanding of social concepts such as the difference between “i” and “me”. a cambridge university study of 140 children found that siblings created a rich world of play that helped them grow socially. love- hate relationships were common among the children. even those siblings who fought the most had just as much positive communication as the other sibling pairs.one way children seek more attention from parents is by making themselves different from their siblings, particularly if they are close in age. researchers have found that the first two children in a family are typically more different from each other than the second and third. girls with brothers show their differences to a maximum degree by being morefeminine than girls with sisters. a 2003 research paper studied adolescents from 185 families over two years, finding that those who changed to make themselves different from their siblings were successful in increasing the amount of warmth they gained from their parents.1. the underlined part “in a different family” (in para. 1) means _.a. in a different family environment b. in a different family traditionc. in different family crises d. in different families2. in terms of language development, later- borns_ .a. get their parentsindividual guidance b. learn a lot from their elder siblingsc. experience a lot of difficulties d. pick up words more quickly3. what was found about fights among siblings?a. siblings hated fighting and loved playing.b. siblings in some families fought frequently.c. sibling fights led to bad sibling relationships.d. siblings learned to get on together from fights.4. the word“feminine” (in para. 4) means _.a. having qualities of parents b. having qualities of womenc. having defensive qualities d. having extraordinary qualities【参考答案】14、abdb阅读理解。an “apple polisher” is one who gives gifts to win friendship or special treatment. it is not exactly a bribe(贿赂), but is close to it.all sorts of people are “apple polishers”， including politicians and people in high officesjust about everybody. oliver cromwell, the great english leader, offered many gifts to win the support of george fox and his party, but failed.there are other phrases meaning the same thing as “applepolishing”“softsoaping” or “butteringup”. a gift is just one way to “softsoap” somebody, or to “butter him up”. another that is just as effective is flattery, giving someone high praisetelling him how good he looks, or how well he speaks, or how talented and wise he is.endless are the ways of flattery. who does not love to hear it? only an unusual man can resist the thrill of being told how wonderful he is. in truth, flattery is good medicine for most of us, who get so little of it.we need it to be more sure of ourselves. it cannot hurt unless we get carried away by it. but if we just lap it up for its good value and nourishment, as a cat laps up milk, then we can still remain true to ourselves.sometimes, however, flattery will get you nothing from one who has had too much of it. a good example is the famous 12th century legend of king canute of denmark and england. the king got tired of listening to endless sickening flattery of his courtiers(朝臣). they overpraised him to the skies, as a man of limitless might.he decided to teach them a lesson. he took them to the seashore and sat down. then he ordered the waves to stop coming in. the tide was too busy to listen to him. the king was satisfied. this might show his followers how weak his power was and how empty their flattery was.1which of the following activities has nothing to do with “applepolishing”？aa boy tells his girlfriend how pretty she looks.ban employee tells her boss how good he is at management.ca knight is said to be of limitless power by his followers.da teacher praises her students for their talent and wisdom.2what does the writer want to prove with cromwells example?aeverybody can be an apple polisher.bcromwell was not a good apple polisher.cgeorge fox and his party were not apple polishers.dthere are people who dont like being applepolished.3which of the following statements about flattery is true according to the author?atoo much flattery can carry us away.bflattery is too empty to do people any good.cflattery can get you nothing but excessive(过度的) pride.dflattery is one of the ways to applepolished people.4why did king canute of denmark and england take his followers to the seashore?abecause he was sick of his normal life.bbecause he disliked being overpraised any more.cbecause he wanted them to realize how wise he was.dbecause he wanted them to see how weak he was as a king.5who does the author think that flattery can do good to?athose who are politicians or in high offices.bthose who lack confidence.cthose who are really excellent.dthose who think highly of themselves.【要点综述】本文论述了现代社会存在的一个普遍现象，人们往往为了自己的一点儿利益去送礼或者说一些阿谀奉承的话，当然有时即使这样做了也未必就能实现自己的愿望。1d推理判断题。根据“an apple polisher is one who gives gifts to win friendship or special treatment.”可知，一个老师表扬学生并不是想得到什么好处。故选d项。2a细节理解题。根据“all sorts of people are apple polishers，including politicians and people in high officesjust about everybody.oliver cromwell，the great english leader，offered many gifts to win the support of george fox and his party，but failed.”可知，高层的领导者也有拍马屁的人，可以想象每个人都可能是这种人。故选a项。3d细节理解题。根据“an apple polisher is one who gives gifts to win friendship or special treatment.”和“a gift is just one way to softsoap somebody，or to butter him upanother that is just as effective is flattery”可知选d项。4b细节理解题。根据“the king got tired of listening to endless sickening flattery of his courtiers(朝臣)”可知国王厌烦了朝臣们的阿谀奉承，故选b项。5b细节理解题。根据“in truth，flattery is good medicine for most of us，who get so little of it.we need it to be more sure of ourselves.it cannot hurt unless we get carried away by it.”可知，对于缺乏自信的人来说，奉承是有好处的。故选b项。1.短文改错how nice to hear you again. you want to know76._ how is going on in schools in china. in fact, things77_ have improved since schools begin to reduce the78_learning load. i used to have to work at79_ weekends doing endless homeworks . now i have80_ more free time, so i must follow my own interests81_ such as read books, visiting museums and taking computer82 _lessons. besides , i can go to bed early than before.83_ anyone is happy about these changes. however,84_ i wonder how long time such situation can last.85_ 【参考答案】1.76. hear后加from 77.how 改为what 78.begin改为 began 79. right 80. homeworks改为homework 81. must改为can 82. read改为reading 83. early改为earlier 84. anyone改为everyone 85. 去掉time2.短文改错，只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。well never forget the day which my classmates and i paid a visit to a chemistry factory last week. it was a larger one with nearly 2,000 workers. it looked a garden and we could see colorful flowers, grass and trees anywhere. we also visited some workshops and saw workers worked very hard. we talked with them and learned a lot. we understood them further. on the way home we felt tiring. so we all thought that we had a very good day. we really hoped that we can get more chances to leave the school and learn social experiences.【参考答案】2.well never forget the day which my classmates and i paid a visit to a chemistry factory when chemicallast week. it was a larger one with nearly 2,000 workers. it lookeda garden and we could large likesee colorful flowers, grass and trees anywhere. we also visited some workshops and saw everywhereworkers worked very hard. we talked with them and learned a lot. we understood them workingfurther. on the way home we felt tiring. so we all thought that we had a very good day. we tired butreally hoped that we can get more chances to leave the school and learn social couldexperiences.experience3.短文改错下面短文中有10处语言错误。请在有错误的地方增加、删除或修改某个单词。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（），并在其下面写上该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写上修改后的词。注