科技英语翻译1.doc

增译翻译练习This action externally appears like the discharge of a capacitor.这一作用从表面上看起来像是电容器的放电现象。Once out of the earths gravity, an astronaut is affected by still another problem weightlessness.一经摆脱了地球的引力束缚，宇航员又会遭遇到另一个问题 失重。By minimizing the microscopic imperfections scientists are making far stronger ceramics.科学家们正通过最大限度地减少微观瑕疵来制造强度高得多的陶瓷。 Atomic cells are small and very light, as compared to ordinary dry ones.与普通干电池相比，原子电池体积小，而且重量特轻。Transistors can make previously large equipment much smaller.晶体管能使原先体积很大的设备大为缩小。Astronomers have evidence of a few other stars too, which might have black holes as companions.天文学家们有证据表明，还存在一些其他的恒星，这些恒星可能以黑洞为伴星。The key to the new materials is researchers increasing ability to manipulate substances at the molecular level.开发新材料的关键在于增强研究人员在分子层次操纵物质的能力。The largest and most expensive products cannot, because of their size, be testable in the factory.体积最庞大价格最昂贵的产品正是由于其体积太大，不能在厂里测试。Cold rolling（冷轧） enables the operators to produce rolls （轧材）of accuracy and uniformity（均匀） ,and with a better surface finish（表面光洁度）.冷轧使得操作工能够生产出精度高匀度好的轧材，并且表面光洁度也会更好。All these factors play a key role in formulation of the model. 在设计模型的时候，所有这些因素都要发挥关键作用。PCs are not the most stable, and with video Editing you have to be extra careful.个人电脑一般不太稳定，搞视频编辑你得倍加小心。This method makes it easy to identify the various components.这个方法使人们很容易地识别各种成分。Simple in principle, the experiment led to a scientific revolution with far-reaching consequences.这个实验虽然原理简单，却导致了一场影响深远的科学革命。This machine has two settings（挡）, fast and slow.这台机器有两个挡 快挡与慢挡。The endosperm （胚乳）tissue Is composed of cells with three chromosome sets（染色体对子） two from the maternal and one from the paternal parent.胚乳组织是有三对染色体细胞组成的，其中两对来自母本，一对来自父本。 The mechanism of polymer degradation by ultraviolet radiations is not agreed upon by experts.紫外线辐射使聚合物降解的机理究竟是什么，专家们看法不一。For reasons the alternating current is more widely used than the direct current.由于种种原因，交流电比直流电用得更加广泛。Much research is currently being carried out, too, to find composite bearing（复合轴承） materials with low wear（磨损） rates as well as small frictional coefficients(摩擦系数）.目前也正在进行大量的研究，以求找到一种复合轴承材料，要求这种材料不仅摩擦系数低而且磨损率也低。If the resistance of the circuit is high, the current will decrease rapidly, but a high induced e.m.f (电动势）will result.如果电路的电阻很高，所通过的电流就会急剧地减少，但会产生很强的感应电动势。There was expected to be a radial electrostatic field（径向静电场） near the earths surface.当时人们以为地球附近会有一个径向静电场。The shell parts of reactor （反应堆）pressure vessels have been fabricated with formed （成型的）plates welded together.反应堆压力容器的壳体部分历来是用成型钢板焊接而成。The advantages of the recently developed composite materials are energy saving, performance efficient, corrosion resistant, long service time, and without environmental pollution.最新开发的复合材料具有节能、高效、抗腐蚀、耐用和无环境污染等五大亮点。The vapor pressure changes with the temperature, the pressure, and the kind of liquid.蒸气压力随温度、压力、以及液体类型这三种因素的不同而变化。Crimp （使弯曲）hinge（铰链） ends after pin(销子） installation to retain pin.As the nature of the soil often varies considerably on the same construction site, the capacity of the soil to support loads also varies.即便是同一块建筑工地，地基不同部分的土质也有很大的差异，因此它们的承载能力也相应地有很大的差异。The locknut （防松螺母）shall resist the load without thread stripping （螺纹滑扣；滑丝）or rupture（断裂）.防松螺母要经得住扭而不至于损坏螺纹或者裂开。Ice and water consist of the same substance in different forms.冰和水属同一种物质，只是形态不同而已。It was estimated that the power of an average horse is equal to 500 feet-pounds per second.据当时估计，一匹普通马的功率等于500英尺磅力/秒。Panel patch（接线板） is one gauge（厚度） heavier than thickness of original skin.接线板比原版的厚度厚一倍。Studies have shown that information can be communicated to people many times faster in a graphic form than in a written form.多项研究表明，信息传递到人时，图形媒介比文字媒介快许多倍。The chemist is making an analysis of the poison.化验师正在对毒药进行分析。It appears that the construction of the dam has had a considerable effect on the ecology of the region.看来建造这座大坝已经对本地的生态产生了相当大的影响。The receiver will operate reliably no matter what happens.不管发生什么状况，这台接收机运行将不会有问题。Radiant, electrical and chemical energies can all be turned into heat.辐射能、电能和化学能这三种能都可以转化为能量。The frequency, wave length and speed of sound are closely related. 频率、波长和音速这三者之间关系密切。Noise figure(噪音系数） is minimized by a parametric amplifier（参量放大器）.采用参量放大器可将噪音系数降到最低。In the absence of sufficient knowledge confusion（稀里糊涂） exists in classifying a specimen （标本）as a butterfly or a moth（蛾）.如果欠缺一定的知识，就分不清一个标本到底是蝴蝶还是蛾。Lead can be hammered into very thin sheets without being broken.铅可以锤成很薄的薄片而不至于破裂。There are a number of devices (器件）that give an electric current when light falls on them, without any chemical changes taking place.很多器件在受到光的照射时会产生电流，但不会有任何化学变化发生。A photon（光子） of solar energy excites a chlorophyll molecule（叶绿素分子） within a plant cells chloroplast（叶绿体）, causing it to give off an electron. Small doses of toxins（毒素） induce a host（受体） to manufacture anti-toxins（抗毒素）. 小剂量的毒素引起毒素受体产生抗毒素。Much of the sunlight is absorbed by the oceans.大部分阳光被海洋吸收太阳能的光子激发植物细胞内的叶绿素分子，使它释放出电子。 If you reduce the volume which a gas occupies to one third, then the pressure increases three times. 如果把气体所占的体积压缩到三分之一，那么气压就会增加到三倍。 One material can be distinguished from another by their physical properties.可以凭物理特性区分两种不同的材料。From then on, as electricity was consumed, the meter would either reverse itself or stop entirely.从那时起，每当用电的时候，电表不是反转便是完全停转。Most of the patients with neuron circulatory asthenia（神经循环无力） are unwilling to accept psychotherapy（精神疗法） as such.大多数神经循环无力患者都不愿意接受这样的精神疗法Whenever a current flows through a resistance, a potential difference （电势差）exists at the two ends of the resistance.只要电流通过电阻，电阻两端便产生电势差。Non-linear computer-based video editing is now feasible for most home computer users.大部分家用电脑用户现在都可以在电脑上做非线性视频编辑了。The inner and outer rings are graded and stored according to size.内外圈根据大小分类存放。Vacuum breakers （真空断路器）fall if leaks permit air to enter the interrupting chamber（灭弧室）.空气透过裂缝进入了灭弧室，真空断路器就会失灵。It takes time before ozone-depleting chemicals can be totally eliminated.彻底清除消耗臭氧层的化学物质需要时间。Lubricants of low viscosity（粘度） also exhibit a low temperature dependence of viscosity.低粘度润滑剂的粘度对温度的依赖也低。The melting point of a substance is the temperature at which the change of state from solid to liquid occurs. 物质的熔点就是 它从固态转变为液态时的温度。This chapter provides a brief view（概述） of the theory of modification（诱发变异）.本章概述了诱发变异理论。If the surface is smooth, reflection is regular; if the surface is rough, the reflection is diffuse.如果表面光滑，则反射规则；如果表面粗糙，则反射发散。There is every indication that algae, along with bacteria and certain fungi, are extremely ancient organisms.一切迹象表明，藻类、细菌和某些真菌都是极其古老的有机体。As a moderate（减速剂） there is a choice between normal water, heavy water and graphite（石墨）.减速剂可在普通水、重水和石墨中选择。The fact that the concrete is slow in setting（凝固） is no sign that it is of poor quality.混凝土凝固得慢并非一定就是质量差。Such an engine is called an internal combustion engine.这样的发动机称为内燃机。The symptoms of hepatitis are similar no matter which virus is involved.肝炎无论是哪种病毒引起的，症状都大同小异。This critical deficiency（缺失） was itself due to three factors which interacted with each other over the entire period. 这一关键的缺失是由至始至终互相影响的三个因素造成的。The properties change in going from carbon to graphite. 碳转变成石墨时物理性质发生变化。The design choices hinge upon considerations of gain（增益）, noise figure（噪声系数）, and so forth.设计时的选择取决于增益、噪声系数等等参数的大小。Temperatures may reach 700。C and surface oxidation becomes critical.温度可能达到700摄氏度时，表面氧化便成为关键。If the atomic nucleus of a heavy element is split, a large amount of energy is released.重元素原子核分裂会释放出大量的能量。The discovery of enzymes is very important because it gave impetus（动力） to a series of experiments.酶的发展很重要，因为它推动了一系列的试验的进行。Apart from the fact that it may become hot, no apparent change occurs in a metal when it is carrying a current.金属导电时除了发热没有明显的变化。This equipment forms an integral part of many advanced systems.这种设备为很多先进系统所必不可少。There was a rise in temperature, and as a result, the component failed. 温度升高造成零件出故障。If there is little cooling water available, a diesel engine makes an excellent prime mover（原动机） for generation below 10,000 kVA.如果缺乏冷却水，柴油机便成为极好的原动机，带动发电功率在1万千伏安以下的发电机发电。There was a block in the pipe and the water could not flow away.水管被堵，水流不出去。增加到n倍，或者增加了n-1倍，有如下四种说法：Increase by n timesIncrease n timesIncrease by a factor of nIncrease to n timesNow the total installed capacity has increased by three times as compared with that of 2000. 现在总装机容量比2000年增加了两倍。The input stage amplifies the input signal by a factor of 50.输入级将输入信号放大到50倍。With the result of automation productivity has increased 6 times in that factory.由于实现了自动化，那个厂的生产率提高了5倍。When the electricity increases to 3 times, so does the coulomb force(库仑力).当电力增加到三倍时，库仑力也增加到三倍。With the result of automation, productivity has increased by 5 times in that factory.由于实现了自动化，那个厂的生产率增加了四倍The sales of industrial electronic products have increased to six times.工业电子产品的销售增加了五倍。The output of the machine tools, has multiplied four times.机床的产量增加了三倍。The current has increased by a factor of three.电流增加了两倍。表示A是B的n倍，或A比B大n-1倍，有如下四种说法：A is n times larger than B A is n times as large as BA is larger than B by n times A is n times BToday, many planes can fly several times faster than sound.如今许多飞机能以数倍于音速的速度飞行。The proton has a weight about 1837 times as heavy as the electron.质子的重量约为电子的1837倍。Sound travels nearly three times faster in copper than in lead.声音在铜中的传播速度几乎是在铅中的三倍。The melting point of this metal is greater than that of copper by approximately 2.5 times.这重金属的熔点大约比铜高一倍半。This type of furnace （高炉）uses 4 times more electricity than that type does.这种高炉的耗电量比那种多三倍This rod is 4 times longer than that one.这根杆子比那跟长三倍The oxygen atom is nearly 16 times as heavy as the hydrogen atom.氧原子的重量几乎是氢原子的16倍。The atomic weight of helium is four times heavier than that of hydrogen.氦的原子量比氢的原子量重三倍。In rolling bearing the starting friction is about twice the running friction.滚动轴承的启动摩擦比它的运转摩擦大一倍。减少了n-1/n或者减少到1/n有如下四种说法：decrease by 3 times decrease by a factor of 3 decrease 3 times 3 times less than Switching time of the new-type transistor is shortened by three times.新型晶体管的开关时间缩短了三分之二。 The length of the process was reduced to four times. 加工时间缩短了四分之三。The speed of the machine was decreased by a factor of five.该机器的运转速度降低了五分之四The wire is two times thinner than that.这根导线比那跟细二分之一。The leads of the new condenser are shortened by six times.新型电容器的引线缩短了六分之五。The operation cost decreased by five times. 操作成本减少到了五分之一。The loss of electricity was reduced by a factor of four.电的损耗减少了四分之三。The pipe is four times lighter than that one.这根管子比那跟轻四分之三。表示增减意义的动词+by +n%的结构时，百分数照译：An increase in the oxygen content of coal by 1 percent reduces the calorific value by about 1.7 percent.煤的含氧量每增加百分之一，其热值便下降约百分之一点七。New engines can increase the pay load by 50 percent.新型发动机可以增加有效负载50%。The new antenna system uses a retarded wave（延迟波） principle that cuts antenna height to 40 percent.新的天线采用了延迟波原理，使天线高度降到40%.By using the new process the reject rate was reduced to 3 percent.通过采用新的工艺方法，废品率降到3%。The can-sealing machine works fifty percent faster than that one.这台封罐机的工作速度比那一台快一半。At the same time, the infant mortality was 40 percent lower than that of the 1960.同时婴儿的死亡率比1960年降低了40%。The new-type pump wasted 10 percent less energy supplied.这台新型的水泵对能量的浪费减少了百分之十。An increase in lubricant temperature results in 20 percent lower viscosity（粘度）. 润滑剂温度升高导致其粘度降低10%。There is a 20% increase of motors as compared with last year.发动机的数量比去年增加了20%。There is a 30% increase of our installed capacity this year.今年我们的装机容量增加了30%。New engines can increase the pay load by almost one order of magnitude.新发动机的有效负荷几乎增加了一个数量级（十倍）。Ten to one, the experiment is unlikely to produce good results.这项试验十有八九不可能取得好结果。These figures show that the improvement of molecular refraction is within a factor of ten.这些数字表明分子折射度的提高不足一个数量级Positive frequencies are produced by anticlockwise rotation and negative frequencies by clockwise rotation.逆时针旋转产生的频率为正，顺时针旋转产生的频率为负。（省译了and）The two wires may be sealed into a glass tube and the air can be pumped out.可以把两根两根导线封入一根玻璃管内，同时可以将里面的空气抽空。We could use two resistors in series, or we could increase the value of the present single resistor.我们可以使用两个串联的电阻，也可以增加现有单个电阻的阻值。Displacement is a vector（矢量）and time is a scalar（标量）.位移是一种矢量，而时间是一种标量。Industrialization enables countries to raise their standards of living, but it is also necessary to improve methods of agriculture as well.工业化能使各个国家提高生活水平，但要提高生活水平还必须改进耕种方法。译成复合句Look at crystals of table-salt under a magnifying glass and you will see that each crystal is a cube with six-faces.假如将食盐晶体放在放大镜下面观察，你会发现每个晶体都是有六个面的立方体。Close an electric circuit and electricity begins flowing.如果闭合电路，电流就开始流动。There exist neither perfect insulators nor perfect conductors, for all substances offer opposition to the flow of electric current.没有绝对的绝缘体也没有绝对的导体，因为一切物体对电流都有阻力。The material first used was copper for it is easily obtained in its pure state.最先使用的材料是铜，因为铜容易提炼。The temperature would have continued to go up but that feedback took place.要不时发生反馈的话，温度会继续上升。The average kinetic energy （动能）of the molecules is increased and the temperature is raised.如果分子的平均动能增加，则温度随之上升。The output power can never equal the input power, for there are always losses.输出功率永远不能等于输入功率，因为损耗在所难免。The two wires may be sealed into a glass tube and the air can be pumped out.可以把两根两根导线封入一根玻璃管内，同时可以将里面的空气抽空。We could use two resistors in series, or we could increase the value of the present single resistor.我们可以使用两个串联的电阻，也可以增加现有单个电阻的阻值。The two wires may be sealed into a glass tube and the air can be pumped out.可以把两根两根导线封入一根玻璃管内，同时可以将里面的空气抽空。We could use two resistors in series, or we could increase the value of the present single resistor.我们可以使用两个串联的电阻，也可以增加现有单个电阻的阻值。译成复合句Look at crystals of table-salt under a magnifying glass and you will see that each crystal is a cube with six-faces.假如将食盐晶体放在放大镜下面观察，你会发现每个晶体都是有六个面的立方体。Close an electric circuit and electricity begins flowing.如果闭合电路，电流就开始流动。There exist neither perfect insulators nor perfect conductors, for all substances offer opposition to the flow of electric current.没有绝对的绝缘体也没有绝对的导体，因为一切物体对电流都有阻力。The material first used was copper for it is easily obtained in its pure state.最先使用的材料是铜，因为铜容易提炼。The temperature would have continued to go up but that feedback took place.要不时发生反馈的话，温度会继续上升。The average kinetic energy （动能）of the molecules is increased and the temperature is raised.如果分子的平均动能增加，则温度随之上升。The output power can never equal the input power, for there are always losses.输出功率永远不能等于输入功率，因为损耗在所难免。The number of protons is equal to that of electrons and the whole atom is electrically neutral.因为质子数与电子数相等，因此整个原子呈电中性。What we call air is a mixture of several different gases.我们称之为“空气”的东西是数种气体的混合物。How close it will be to zero depends upon the torque constant（转矩常数） of the servomotor（伺服电动机）.它接近于零到什么程度取决于伺服电动机的转矩常数。That heat flows from a hotter to a cooler body is a process of energy transfer tending to equalize temperature.热从高温物体流向低温物体是能量流动使得温度趋于平衡一个过程。Whether the unit will operate efficiently remains to be seen.这台设备是否运行有效有待观察。Where this new tool of investigation will ultimately take us is beyond my powers of prediction.这一新的研究工具最终将我们带至何方，我无法作出预测。That heat flows from a hotter to a cooler body is a process of energy transfer tending to equalize temperature.热从高温物体流向低温物体是能量流动使得温度趋于平衡一个过程。Whether the unit will operate efficiently remains to be seen.这台设备是否运行有效有待观察。Where this new tool of investigation will ultimately take us is beyond my powers of prediction.这一新的研究工具最终将我们带至何方，我无法作出预测。It is obvious that these techniques will be of greater value in cryogenic（低温的） switching circuits.显然，这些技术对于低温开关电路有较大的价值。倒译法It is also important that coolant be equally distributed on both sides of the wheel.让冷却液均匀地分布在砂轮两侧，这一点也很重要。It does not matter whether we use ball bearings or plain bearing.是采用滚珠轴承还是采用普通轴承，这都无关紧要。It matters much to efficiency where the machine is set up.机器安装在什么地方与效率关系极大。It is likely that all the powder will dissolve at once.（顺）有可能全部的粉末一下子溶解掉。It is no longer a necessary consequence that an object thrown into the air must fall back to earth.（倒）扔到空中的物体必定掉到地面不再是必然的结果。It is quite natural therefore that all modern machines should preferably employ continuous rotary motion instead of periodic reciprocating motion.（倒）因此所有的现代机器都尽量采用连续旋转运动来代替周期往复运动，这是很自然的。It is still to be discussed where the new substation（变电站） will be built.（倒）新变电站建在哪里仍有待讨论。Studies by Steward and associates have shown that coconut milk （椰奶）and other liquid endosperms （胚乳）contain a number of different chemical substances.斯特伍德和同事们进行的研究表明，椰奶和其它液体胚乳含有许多不同的化学物质。Failure can be prevented by ensuring that all wiring is properly insulated.防止事故的办法是确保所有的导线都绝缘好。It is often necessary to know how much current is flowing in a circuit and at what voltage.常常有必要知道流过电路的电流有多大，电压有多高。We use insulators to prevent electrical charges from going where they are not needed.我们使用绝缘体来防止电荷跑到不需要它们的地方。Faraday and Henry were trying to discover whether electricity could be produced from magnetism as a magnetic field was produced by an electric current.法拉第和亨利试图弄清楚电流是否可以由磁产生，就象磁场可以由电流产生一样。One might ask why the scientist feels so certain of the existence of these particles.人们可能要问，为什么科学家对这些粒子的存在感到如此地肯定。Waveguide pipes predominated in the transmission technology, even in where power levels were relatively low.波导管在电力传输技术中曾占主导地位，即便在电力水平较低的传输中也是如此。The heating produced does not depend on which way current is flowing.所产生