比较级的讲义.doc

一、教学Grammar 英语形容词比较级的构成 形容词比较等级形式变化有规则的和不规则的两种。 规则变化 1)单音节词末尾加-er(比较级) 【例】原级比较级 great greater small smaller clean cleaner 2)单音节如以e结尾,只加-r(比较级) 【例】 fine finer nice nicer wide wider t 3)闭音节单音节词如末尾只有一个辅音字母,须先双写这个辅音字母,再加-er 【例】 big bigger hot hotter red redder 4)少数以-y,-er,ow,-ble结尾的双音节词,末尾加-er(比较级)。以-y结尾的词,如-y前是辅音字母,则变y为-i,再加-er。以-e结尾的词只加-r。 【例】 clever cleverer narrow narrower 5)其它双音节和多音节词皆在前面加单词more 【例】 carefulmore careful Difficult more difficult 不规则变化 注:有些形容词一般没有比较等级。如: right, wrong, woolen等。远离比较级的用法误区误区一：比较对象非同类或相包含我的尺子比你的长。误：My ruler is longer than you.正：My ruler is longer than yours.在冬天，北方比南方冷。误：The weather is colder in the north than in the south in winter.正：The weather is colder in the north than that in the south in winter.这块手表是所有手表中最好的。误：This watch is the best of all the other watches.正：This watch is the best of all the watches.误区二：认为比较级前不能用定冠词the她是两个女孩中比较胖的一个。误：She is fatter of the two girls.正：She is the thinner of the two girls.他越忙就越高兴。误：The busier he is, happier he feels.正：The busier he is, the happier he feels.长江是中国第一大河。误：The Chang jiang River is longest river in China.正：The Chang jiang River is the longest river in China.误区三：混用介词in和of你们班最强壮的男孩是谁？误：Who is the strongest of your class?正：Who is the strongest in your class?比尔是这些男孩中年龄最大的。误：Bill is the oldest in all these boys.正：Bill is the oldest of all these boys.误区四：“最之一”结构误用东京是日本最大的城市之一。误：Tokyo is one of the biggest city in Japan.正：Tokyo is one of the biggest cities in Japan.误区五：修饰词混用他正在讲述的故事很有意思。误：The story he is telling is much interesting.正：The story he is telling is very interesting.姚明比我高多了。误：Yao Ming is very taller than me.正：Yao Ming is much / a lot taller than me.二、注意在本单元的学习中，我们又进一步了解了比较等级的用法。可是在具体运用中，常有同学因粗心而犯下一些错误。那么，学习比较等级，有那些要注意的地方呢？一注意单词拼写可不要以为拼写是一个小问题呀！形容词或副词变比较级的规则可要时刻牢记，该双写，该去e，该加more或该y变i，都是不能马虎的。例如：他总是比我到校早。 He always comes to school earlyer than me. （误） （正）He always comes to school earlier than me.二注意比较对象在比较等级的句型中，比较的双方必须是同类事物，否则会引起歧义。即人与人，物与物的比较。例如：他的尺子比我的长。 His ruler is longer than me.（误） （正）His ruler is longer than mine.三注意符合逻辑自身能进行比较吗？当然是不行的。可是有时我们因不小心而将自己和自己比较。为了避免这样的错误，可借助“any other+单数名词”来帮忙。例如：中国比亚洲的其他任何一个国家都大。 China is larger than any country in Asia. （误） （正）China is larger than any other country in Asia.四注意修饰词语在比较等级中，so, very, quite, too等修饰原级；much, a lot, far, even等常修饰比较级。在使用时，不要弄错了。例如：姚明比我高多了。Yao Ming is very taller than I. （误） （正）Yao Ming is much taller than I.五注意范围介词在表达最高级时，常用到in或of两个表范围的介词。in表示“在范围之中”，而of常用于“在同类之中”。例如：玛丽是我们班最漂亮的女孩。Mary is the prettiest girl of our class. （误） （正）Mary is the prettiest girl in our class.六注意定冠词的使用1. 形容词最高级前一般有定冠词，但如果前边也有物主代词，名词所有格等词来修饰时，定冠词the常被省略。例如：加里是我最好的朋友。Gary is my the best friend. （误） （正）Gary is my best friend.2. 形容词比较级前一般不加定冠词，但句中有“of the two”结构表示“两者中较的一个”时，定冠词the要加上。例如：苏珊是这两个女孩子当中较胖的一个。 Susan is fatter of the two girls. （误） （正）Susan is the fatter of the two girls.3. 在使用最高级“one of the +最高级+复数名词”结构时，定冠词the不能丢掉。黄河是我国最长的河流之一。 The Yellow River is one of longest rivers in China. （误） （正）The Yellow River is one of the longest river in China.七注意结构对称在含有比较级的句子中，前后的两个比较对象一定要保持相同的结构。例如：我认为弹钢琴比弹吉他难。 I think it is more difficult to play the piano than playing the guitar. （误）（正）I think it is more difficult to play the piano than to play the guitar.八注意固定用法在比较等级中有两种固定结构要记牢了。一是表达“越来越”用“比较级+and+比较级”结构；二是表达“越，越”，用“the+比较级，the+比较级”结构。例如：我们的生活变得越来越好了。 Our life is becoming better and better.你吃的越多，就长的越胖。 The more you eat, the fatter you will be.三、课堂作业1）中考链接（ ）1. - What delicious bread! - Thats right. It will taste _ with butter.（2008 安徽芜湖） A. bad B. well C. worse D. better（ ）2. Of all the students, Linda draws _ carefully（2008 北京朝阳区）. A. very B. much C. more D. most（ ）3. Mike looks _ than Paul, but they are of the same age. A. youngest B. the youngest C. younger D. very young（ ）4. It takes more time to go there by ship than by bus. Its _ by train of the three. A. faster B. the fastest C. fast D. much fast（ ）5. - What bad weather!- Yes. The radio says it will be even _ later on.（2008 重庆市） A. bad B. badly C. worse D. worst（ ）6. - There will be _ people in Beijng than usual because of all the visitors to theOlympics.- We Chinese should feel part of the Olympics and try our best to help! A. many B. more C. most（ ）7. Which is _, an elephant or a tiger?（2008 湖北荆州） A. strong B. stronger C. strongest D. the strongest（ ）8. - How delicious the great turkey sandwich is!- Yes. It would taste _ with more relish.（2008 湖北十堰） A. worse B. worst C. better D. best（ ）9. - What do you think of her spoken English?- Oh, no one speaks_.（2008 青海省） A. better B. well C. best（ ）10. This blue bike is too expensive.Could you show me a _ one ? A. cheap B. cheaper C. cheapest（ ）11. Jenny goes to school _ than any other student in her class. A.early B. earlier C. earliest D. the earliest（ ）12. China is the third _ country in the world.（2008 四川资阳） A. large B. largest B. larger D. as large asKeys: 1. D2. D 3. C 4. B5. C 6.B7. B8. C9.A10. B 11. B 12. B汉译英1. 我的苹果比你的多。 2. 比尔是这两男孩中较大的一个。3. 北京是中国最大的城市之一。 4. 汤姆是所有男孩中最高的一个5. 他的英语是班里最棒的。6 现在白天变得越来越长了。7. 他越忙，就越高兴。8. 学英语比学汉语容易。9. 我比约翰小两岁。10. 上海比日本的任何一个城市都大。参考答案：1. My apples are more than yours.2. Bill is the older of the two boys.3. Beijing is one of the largest cities in China.4. Tom is the tallest of all the boys.5. His English is the best in his class.6. The days are getting longer and longer now.7. The busier he is, the happier he feels / will feel.8. It is easier to learn English than to learn Chinese.9. I am two years younger than John.10. Shanghai is larger than any city in Japan.二形容词和副词比较级的用法级别比较程度表达方式和意义例 句备 注原级同等程度肯定形式As+原级+as(像一样)Art is as interesting as music.Play as well as you can.否定形式not + so (as) +原级+as(不如那样)English is not so difficult as science.She does not study so well as I do. 比较级不同程度（用于两者比较）比较级+than(比)Jim is older than Luky.I like pork better than beef.比较级前面可以加much, far, even, still,a lot, a little, a bit等程度加深比较级+and+比较级（越来越）The + 比较级，the + 比较级（越, 越）He is growing taller and taller.He studies better and better.The more books she reads, the better she understand.最高级最高程度（用于三者或三者以上）The +最高级+of (in)(最)Spring is the best season of the year.Lin Tao jumped (the) farthest of all.副词最高级前面的the 往往省略注意：有些形容词，如 dead, empty, round, sure, woolen 等受本身含义的限制，没有比较级。1. He is _ friends than I.A. much more B. many more C. very more D. too more解析： 后面有可数名词复数时， many的比较级形式为many more 修饰。 应选B.2. Which is the _ country, Japan or Australia? A. more developed B. more developing C. most developed D. most developing解析： 两者比较用比较级， 表示发达用 developed, 而developing 是 发展中的 意思3There were _ shops in the city in 1982 than in 1990.A. little B. few C. fewer D. less解析：little 不能修饰可数名词，两者比较需用比较级， 所以应选C.4. If you are not free today, come another day _. A. too B. so C. instead D. yet 解析：instead 作副词用时意为代替，顶替， 表示前面的事情没做， 而是做了后面的事。Instead一般位于句首。应选C.5He cant tell us _, I think. A. important anything B. anything importantC. important something D. something important.解析：不定代词与形容词联用需后置，否定句中应该用anything而不是something. 因此选B6. The Huang River is the second _ river in our country. A. long B. longer C. longest D. the longest 解析：定冠词the+ 序数词 + 形容词最高级 表示第几大 应选C.7. The light in the office wasnt _for him to read. A. enough bright B. bright enough C. brightly D. enough brightly 解析：enough修饰名词时可前可后， 修饰形容词或副词时， 要后置。应选B.8. There was an accident at the corner. _, the girl wasnt _hurt. A. luckily, badly B. luck, hardly C. Lucky, heavily D. Lucky, strongly 解析：第一空修饰全句需用副词，第二空修饰形容词hurt也要用副词， 因此选A.9. You must keep your eyes _ when you do eye exercises. A. close B. open C. closed D., opened 解析: 此处需用形容词做宾语补足语。 应选C.10. Five days has passed , but I havent finished half of the work. _, A. already B. still C. too D. yet 解析：already 与 yet 都可用于现在完成时态。Already常用于肯定句， 而yet 常用与否定句。应选D.三形容词副词比较级最高级的其他用法（1）和冠词连用the 形容词原级v(复)，指一类人或物the 形容词比较级，指两者中“较的”的那一个，eg. the younger of the two a/ an 形容词比较级eg. The pen is expensive. I want a cheaper one. ( a) most形容词最高级“非常”eg. a most beautiful city( 2 ) 相关结构1) 原级比较：肯定句 as.as., 否定句not so / as.as.2) 比较句： 比较级 than.或more (less) .than.The furniture in this shop is less beautiful than that in that shop.(注意代词that的用法)3) 比较级 and比较级 或 more and more比较级 “越来越 ”richer and richer, more and more interesting4) The more., the more.“越， 越”The more you look at the picture, the better you will like it.5) 比较级than any other n. （单） （适用于范围一致时） (all) other n.（复） any n.(单) （适用于范围不一致时） He is taller than any other student / all other students in his class. any student in my class.6) 倍数表达法。A is three(four, etc.)times the size(height, length etc.)of B.A is three(four, etc.)times as big(high, long, etc.)as B.A is three (four, etc.)times bigger(higher, longer, etc.)than B.用times 表倍数通常用于三倍以上，两倍可以用twice或double.The new building is four times the size (the height)of the old one.这座新楼比那座旧楼大三倍（高三倍）。 Asia is four times as large as Europe.亚洲比欧洲大三倍。Your school is three times bigger than ours.你们的学校比我们的学校大三倍。7) morethan结构，其意往往是rather than，可译为“是而不是”或颠倒词序译作“与其说是，不如说是”。That little girl is more tired than hungry. 那个小姑娘是累了而不是饿了。 She is more a mother than a wife或She is more of a mother than a wife.她是贤妻，更是良母。8) A is to B what C is to D A和B的关系就像C和D的关系 Air is to man what water is to fish. 空气 对于人类就像水和鱼的关系。9) no more than= only “只不过”，言其少not more than=at most “不多于”，“至少”，指事实。 no more than 和一样不 如单音节使用比较级形式 not morethan 不比更no less than= as much as “多达” no fewer than= as many as例：I have no more than five yuan in my pocket. 我口袋里的钱只不过5元。 I have not more than five yuan in my pocket. 我口袋里的钱不多于5元。 He is no richer than I.他和我一样穷。He is no less determined than you. 他的决心不亚于你。(no less determined than等于“其决心不亚于你”，言其大) He is not less determined than you. 他的决心不比你小。(not less determined than等于“其决心不小于”，无言其大或小的含义) 10) 最高级of/ in/ among. He is the tallest of the three/ among them/ in is class.四相关词语辨析1.very 和much A）very修饰形容词、副词的原级；much修饰比较级；修饰动词用much或very much ,eg. I very like English.(),因改为：I like English very much.B) 表示状态的过去分词前用very。a very frightened boy, a very tired child .一般的情况下，以-ed结尾的分词多用much、very much / greatly等修饰。如：We were greatly /much shocked by the news about Tom. C) 已转化为形容词的现在分词前用very。如：very interesting / worrying / exciting D）too前用much/ far ,不用very。You are much / far / a lot too nice.另外，在too many / much, too few / little前用far。 Weve got far too many eggs and far too few egg cups. E)还有修饰词既不用very,也不用much. eg. be well worth doing, be well above the tree2. so和suchA)so that 与such that 的区别。so + 形容词 / 副词 + that so + 形容词 + a（n）+ 单数可数名词 + that so + many / much / little / few + 名词 + that such + a(n)+ 形容词+单数可数名词 + that such + 形容词 + 不可数名词 + that such + 形容词 + 复数名词 + that 注意： 但当little表示“小”时用such。如：These are such little boys that they cant dress t hemselves.下列so的用法是错误的：so a difficult problem, so difficult problems, so hot weather。B) some/ any/ every/ no/ each/ all/ another/ several/ few/ many/ one/ two +such+n. eg. no such word3. be too much + n. be much too+ adj. be too much for sb. 对太过分了4. cant be too +adj.= cant be +adj.+ enough “无论都不为过” You can never be careful enough.= You can never be too careful.你越小心越好。注意：（1）形容词最高级前通常必须用定冠词 the，副词最高级前可不用。例句： The Sahara is the b