考研考博常用英语专有名词.doc

总裁助理assistant president 综合治理comprehensive treatment 安居工程housing project for low-income urban residents 信息化information-based; informationization 智力密集型concentration of brainpower; knowledge-intensive 外资企业overseas-funded enterprises 下岗职工laid-off workers 分流reposition of redundant personnel 三角债chain debts 素质教育education for all-round development 豆腐渣工程jerry-built projects 社会治安情况law-and-order situation 民族 国家nation state 台独independence of Taiwan 台湾当局Taiwan authorities 台湾同胞Taiwan compatriots 台湾是中国领土不可分割的一部分。Taiwan is an inalienable part of the Chinese territory. 西部大开发Development of the West Regions 可持续性发展sustainable development 风险投资risk investment通货膨胀inflation通货紧缩deflation 扩大内需to expand domestic demand 计算机辅助教学computer-assisted instruction(CAI) 网络空间cyberspace 虚拟现实virtual reality 网民netizen(net citizen) 电脑犯罪computer crime 电子商务the e-business 网上购物shopping online 学生减负to reduce study load 下海plunge into the commercial sea 下网offline 小康之家well-off family; comfortably-off family 新秀up-and-coming star, rising star 新新人类New Human Being；X Generation 信息港info port 形象小姐/先生image representative of a product or a brand 虚拟网virtual net 学生处students affairs division 研究生毕业证/学位证graduate diploma / graduate degrees diploma 摇钱树cash cow 以人为本people oriented; people foremost 义务教育compulsory education 易拉罐pop can 应试教育examination-oriented education system 舆论导向direction of public opinion 运球dribble 在职博士生on-job doctorate 早恋puppy love 招生就业指导办公室enrolment and vocation guidance office 证券营业部stock exchange; security exchange 知识产权intellectual property rights 中专生secondary specialized or technical school student 中流砥柱mainstay, chief cornerstone 专卖店exclusive agency; franchised store 自我保护意识self-protection awareness 综合国力comprehensive national strength 综合业务数字网integrated service digital network(ISDN) 公正、公平、公开just, fair and open 好莱坞大片Hollywood blockbuster 黄金时段prime time 假唱lip-synch 劲射power shot 拉拉队cheering squad 来电显示电话机caller ID telephone 论文答辩(thesis) oral defense 泡沫经济bubble economy 票贩子scalper, ticket tout 拳头产品competitive products; knock-out products; blockbuster 三角恋爱love triangle 三维动画片three-dimensional animation 申办奥运会bid for the Olympic Games 实现中华民伟大复兴bring about a great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation 市场疲软sluggish market 筒子楼tube-shaped apartment 脱贫致富cast(shake,throw) off poverty and set out on a road to prosperity 网吧Internet bar 网恋online love affair 网上冲浪surf the Internet 网上交易平台online trading platform 网友net friend 无人售票self-service ticketing 无绳来电显示电话cordless telephone with caller ID 无线应用协议 WAP（wireless application protocol）不服从父母disobey their parents 倡导人力资源管理advocate the management of human resources调查性和婚姻状况conduct a survey on sex and marriage 对子女寄予厚望pin great hopes on their children 反映人们的私生活reflect peoples private lives鼓励创建文明家庭encourage the idea of “Civilized Families”过孤独的生活lead an isolated life 坚持计划生育的基本国策stick to the basic state policy for family planning 进行全国人口普查carry out national population census 禁止他人作克隆人的实验inhibit others from doing human cloning experiments 开辟人类历史新纪元start a new chapter in the history of human 控制人口数量(增长) control the population size (growth) 实现向低出生、低死亡、低自然增长的现代人口再生产类型的转变bring about a transition to the modern population reproduction pattern characterized by a low birth rate, low death rate and low natural growth rate 损害人类社会的道德观damage the morality of human society 缩小代沟narrow the gap 提倡晚婚晚育encourage late marriage and late childbirth 提出离婚ask for a divorce 提高人口素质improve the population quality 维护和促进人民的生存权和发展权safeguard and promote the peoples rights to subsistence and development 维护人权和不断改善人权状况safeguard human rights and steadily improve the human rights situation享受优越的生活条件enjoy good living condition 显示明显的差异display a marked difference 优化人口结构optimize the population structure 优生优育bear and rear better children 占总人口的10% account for 10% of the total population 造成不同的思想和观念result in a different ideology and concepts 造福人类和科学benefit mankind and science 正确处理经济发展同人口、资源、环境的关系correctly handle the relationship of economic development versus (with) population，natural resources and environment 征求父母的意见ask for her parents opinion挣零花钱earn their pocket money 重视人口老年化问题pay attention to the problem of an aging population 逐渐削弱长辈的权威undermine the authority of the older generation 尊重和保障人权 respect and guarantee human rights 帮助减缓全球变暖速度help slow down the pace of global warming 保持生态平衡keep ecological balance 保持水土preserve soil and water 保护珍稀野生动植物protect rare wild animals and plants 保留为自然耕地reserve as natural farmland 采用环保技术adopt environmental protection technique 采用新的开采方法apply new exploitation methods 参加城市重建participate in the reconstruction of the city参加环保运动take part in environmental protection activities 产生巨大的水文效应produce great hydrological effects 崇尚绿色生活方式pursue a “green” life创造良好的生态环境create a pleasant ecological environment 促进城市可持续发展promote the sustainable development of the city 发展太阳能develop solar energy 防治污染prevent and control pollution 非常注重保护森林pay great attention to the conservation of forest 改善生态环境improve the eco-environment (ecological environment) 关闭化工厂close chemical plants 加大污染治理力度strengthen pollution control 加强城市绿化strengthen the greening of the city 加强环境保护strengthen environmental protection 加强生态建设improve the eco-construction 加强水土保持reinforce the conservation of water and soil 坚持门前三包制度adhere to “the three responsibilities in the gate area”减少机动车辆reduce the number of vehicles减少浪费reduce waste 揭开人类生命的奥秘decode the secret of human life 进一步加快环保规划further speed up environmental protection plans 禁止露天焚烧prohibit burning out in the open 开展保护野生动物宣传教育advocate to educate the public the protection of wild animals 开展绿色活动advocate green activities扩建管道网络expand the pipe network普及环保知识popularize environmental protection knowledge 窃取密码snatch password 窃取知识产权lift intellectual property 实行严格的机动车排放标准implement strict vehicle emission standards 使电脑死机crash computers 使用再生纸use recycle paper 探索的奥秘probe the mysteries of 淘汰或改造燃煤锅炉eliminate or convert coal-burning boilers 提高环境管理水平raise the environmental management level 提高居民的环保和生态意识improve residents environmental and ecological awareness 提高清洁能源的比重increase the supply of clean energy resources 投放电脑病毒unleash viruses 完善城市基础设施建设perfect the construction of urban infrastructure 为大量野生动植物提供栖息地provide habitats for a huge number of wild animals and plants 为人类提供水和食物supply water and food for human beings享受国家一级保护enjoy first-class protection of the State 削减污物排放decrease the disposal of pollutants 抑制传染病的传播strain the spread of infectious diseases 引发一系列的问题result in a series of problems 预防爱滋病蔓延prevent the widespread of AIDS 增强环境意识enhance the awareness of the importance of (raise the consciousness about) environmental protection 战胜非典defeat SARS 治理沙地和水土流失问题tackle the problems of sand and soil erosion注重节约资源attach importance to saving resources 把列为世界自然文化遗产list as a world natural heritage site摆架子(摆谱儿) put on airs (show off, keep up appearances) 保护文化遗产protect cultural heritage (relics) 博采各国文化之长draw on strong point of the cultures of other countries 不注重历史neglect history 采取保护态度take protective attitude 承担应有的义务undertake the due obligations承前启后，继往开来build on the past and prepare for the future; inherit the past and usher in the future 充分发挥知识分子的积极性和创造性give full play to the initiative and creativity of intellectuals 触击现行法律的盲区touch a blank area of the existing law创建卫生城市build a nationally advanced clean city 辞旧迎新bid farewell to the old and usher in the new (ring out the old year and ring in the new) 从事电子商务工作conduct e-commerce 促进儿童身心健康发展promote the healthy development of children both physically and mentally促进交流promote the communication 促进文化市场健康发展facilitate the sound development of the markets for cultural products 促进相互了解enhance (further) mutual understanding 得到群众的广泛支持enjoy grass-root support 抵住的诱惑resist the temptation of 对持欢迎态度take a welcoming attitude to 对情有独钟show special preference (favor) to 发挥的聪明才智develop ones own talents and wisdom发挥潜力tap ones potential繁荣文学艺术enable literature and art to flourish promote flourishing literature and art 反映中国的灿烂文化reflect the rich culture of China 放下架子relinquish haughty airs (get off ones high horse, throw off ones airs) 腐蚀人的灵魂poison ones mind 改进教学improve teaching and learning 给学生减负alleviate the burden on students 和持相似观点share views similar to 互派访问学者exchange visiting scholars激发旅游热情stimulate enthusiasm for traveling 继承历史文化优秀传统carry on the fine cultural traditions handed from history; carry on the fine historical and cultural traditions 加强文化基础设施建设build more cultural establishments 讲诚信，反欺诈honor credibility and oppose cheating 交换意见exchange views (ideas, opinions) 教书育人impart knowledge and educate people 经受住暴风雨的考验weather the storm 精心编写教材compile the textbooks with great care 净化因特网purify the Net 举办文化节(展览会) hold (conduct, give) cultural festivals (an exhibition) 举行学术会议hold an academic meeting 开创假日经济initiate Holiday Economy 开发潜力exploit ones potential 开阔视野widen ones vision (horizon)开设课程offer courses 开展对外文化交流conduct cultural exchange with other countries 开展群众性文化活动carry out mass activities on culture 攀登事业的高峰climb ones career ladder评估学业成绩evaluate academic scores (achievements) 避开与比赛avoid playing against 标志一个历史时刻mark a historic time 表现完美give some very good performance 剥夺冠军strip the gold medal of somebody 采取新的计分方法adopt a new scoring system 参加火炬接力participate in the torch-relay 参加热身赛take part in a key warm-up game 参加申办活动participate in the bidding campaign 超过世界记录surpass the world record 成为国家的骄傲become the pride of the nation 创新世界纪录set a new world record 达到国际体育标准reach the standard for international games打败比利时队defeat Belgium 打破恶性循环break the wretched cycle 打破世界纪录beat (break, cut) the world record (for )担任中国国家队主教练serve as the head coach of the Chinese national team 夺冠take the crown 反对使用兴奋剂oppose the use of performance-enhancing drugs 符合举办奥运会的要求meet the requirements of hosting the Olympic Games 更具进攻性become more aggressive 鼓舞队员的士气boost the morale of the team members 获得认可gain recognition 获得团体冠军win the team title 激发中国青年的雄心壮志fuel the ambitions of Chinese youths 急于获胜gain an eagerness to win 建立职业联赛和俱乐部set up a professional league and clubs 角逐世界杯compete for the World Cup 满意抽签结果satisfy with the draw 面对强手face strong rivals鸣笛终止比赛blow a whistle to stop the end of the match 配备各种设施furnish and equip with all facilities取得经验gain experience 取得世界杯决赛资格qualify for the World Cup finals 确保中国进入决赛ensure Chinas appearance in the final申奥bid (apply) for being the host country of the Olympics 失去男子单打冠军miss out on mens singles gold实现零的突破fulfill the zero (gold medal, medal, etc) breakthrough 使其他选手相形见绌dwarf other athletes 使生命焕发活力wake up ones life使中国以32取胜 give the Chinese a 3-2 victory 提出比赛建议make comments on the contests 提高中国队的水平raise the level of the Chinese team挑选选手choose players 同教练反应一致share the same reaction with their coach 为奥林匹克运动做出贡献make contribution to the Olympics movement and world peace 卫冕世界冠军regain world champion 吸引中国大学生优秀选手attract Chinas top university players向世界顶级球队学习learn from the worlds top teams与对手较量take on an opponent 与强队竞争compete with strong teams 增进友谊strengthen friendship 展示技能demonstrate their skills 展示中国足球的最新发展demonstrate (show) the latest development of Chinas soccer主办奥运会host the Olympic Games 主办中国大学生篮球联赛sponsor the China University Basketball Association league 抓住练习和学习的机会grasp the chance to practise and learn 爱岗敬业cherish posts and devote wholeheartedly to work 保持国民经济发展的良好势头maintain a good momentum of growth in the national economy 保持国有股keep the State-held shares 保证下岗职工的基本生活guarantee the basic needs of laid-off workers 被指控接受贿赂be accused of accepting bribes采取不同的办法adopt various methods 采取反垄断措施take anti-monopoly measures 承担风险bear (take) risk筹集足够的资金raise enough funds (capital, proceeds) 创收外汇earn foreign exchange (currency) 刺激国内经济需求spur domestic demand 刺激国内需求stimulate domestic demand 从粗放经济转变为集约经济shift from extensive economy to intensive economy 从国外引进先进技术和管理经验introduce from abroad the advanced technology and management expertise 促进地区间的合作promote regional cooperation 促进改革promote reform 促进全球经济一体化foster integration with the global economy 打击投机crack down on speculation and profiteering 打破垄断break the monopoly 打假take strong measures against fake and shoddy products (crack down on counterfeit goods) 对提出控告(投诉) lodge complaints against对造成(构成)威胁form (pose) a threat to 夺回失去的市场take back lost market 发挥自身优势give full play to ones advantages 防范和化解金融风险take precautions against and reduce financial risks 改善投资环境improve the environment for investment 赶超先进surpass the advanced 给带来积极影响bring a more positive impact on 根据市场作出调整gear ourselves to the market orientation 公证财产notarize the properties 和达成(签订)协议reach (sign) an agreement with 和进一步合作further cooperation with 和有合作关系have cooperative ties with 活跃市场enliven the market 集中精力把经济建设搞上去go all out for economic development 计算出准确的工资水平figure out an exact salary level 加快经济发展和结构调整speed up economic development and restructuring 加快竞争步伐accelerate the competition 加快努力speed up efforts 加强风险防范prepare oneself against possible risks 加强管理reinforce the management 减缓通货紧缩的压力ease the seriousness of deflation 减轻的负担reduce (lighten) the burden of (on) 减员增效downsize for efficiency; cut payroll to improve efficiency 剪彩cut the ribbon 解除劳动关系sever labor relation 解放生产力emancipate the productive forces (free the productivity) 把捐给慈善机构donate to charities 把看成社会公敌look upon as a threat to society 把列为基本国策list.as fundamental national policies把作为指导take as the guide 把理论和实际结合起来integrate theory with practice 把握大局grasp the overall situation 摆脱贫穷落后get rid of poverty and backwardness 保护妇女权利不受侵犯g