探讨草本植物对酸雨的抵抗能力.doc

探讨草本植物对酸雨的抵抗能力二氧化硫是大气中分布较广泛和危害较大的污染物之一，也是酸雨的主要组成成分。随着二氧化硫污染问题越来越严重，我国的甘肃省陇南地区、山东省胶东半岛、陕西省南部以及长江流域以南大部分地区均出现过不同程度的酸雨。在年月通过的中华人民共和国大气污染防治法中明确规定，在全国划定酸雨控制区和二氧化硫污染控制区，以达到在双控区内强化对酸雨和二氧化硫的污染控制目的。然而，我们要避免目前常用的治理二氧化硫的化学方法，以免造成二次污染。硫是植物正常生长发育所必需的营养元素，植物通过其叶片上的气孔和枝条上的皮孔等自然孔口，将大气中的二氧化硫等污染物吸入体内，在体内通过一系列氧化还原过程进行中和而形成无毒物质（即降解作用），或通过根系排出体外，或积累贮藏于某一器官内。因此，广泛植树种草是降低二氧化硫污染的有效措施之一。草坪植物是城市生态环境的重要组成部分，对于一定浓度范围内的二氧化硫，不仅具有一定的抵抗力，而且也具有相当程度的吸收净化能力。然而不同的植物种类，因其生理功能上的差异，其吸收和净化二氧化硫的能力也明显不同。试验利用喷洒二氧化硫溶液来模拟酸雨环境，探讨了两种北方城市绿地常见草本植物草地早熟禾（ ）与麦冬 （） 对二氧化硫模拟酸雨的抵抗能力，现将结果报告如下。 Sulfur dioxide in the atmosphere is widely distributed and one of the hazardous pollutants, and also a major ingredient of acid rain. With sulfur dioxide pollution is becoming more and more serious, Chinas Gansu region of Longnan Province, Shandong province Jiaodong Peninsula, southern Shaanxi province and the south of the Yangtze River Basin in most areas have had varying degrees of acid rain. In 1995 August through the the peoples Republic of China Air Pollution Prevention Law clearly defined, in the national designated control area of acid rain and sulfur dioxide pollution control areas, in order to achieve the double control objective of acid rain and sulfur dioxide pollution zone. However, we should avoid chemical methods of governance of sulfur dioxide at present, so as not to cause two pollution. Sulfur is nutrients for plant growth and development of plants required, through the stomata and the leaves on the branches of the lenticels and other natural orifice, the pollutants in the atmosphere of sulfur dioxide inhalation, and the formation of toxic substances in the body through a series of redox process ( i.e. degradation ), or through the root excretion the accumulation of storage, or in an organ. Therefore, extensive planting of trees and grass is one of the effective measures to reduce sulfur dioxide pollution. Lawn plant is an important part of city ecological environment, sulfur dioxide for a certain range of concentration, not only has some resistance, but also has the absorption and purification ability ( 1 ) a considerable degree. However, different plant species, because of their different physiological functions, its ability to absorb and purify the sulfur dioxide are also different. Experiments using spray sulfur dioxide solution to simulated acid rain environment, and discusses two kinds of the northern city of green common herbs of Kentucky Bluegrass ( Poa pratensis L. ) and Ophiopogon japonicus ( Ophiopogon japonicus ( Thunb. ) KerGawl. ) of simulated acid rain resistance to sulfur dioxide, report the result as follows now.材料与方法 Materials and methods 1试验区概况 A survey of 1.1 test area试验区设在北京林业大学校园内，该地位于北京市海淀区，气候为典型的暖温带半湿润大陆性季风气候，夏季炎热多雨，冬季寒冷干燥，春、秋季短促。年平均气温为 。其中月均温4 The test area is located on the campus of Beijing Forestry University, which is located in Beijing city of Haidian District, the climate is typical of the sub-humid warm temperate continental monsoon climate, hot and rainy in summer, cold and dry winter, spring, fall short. The average annual temperature is 10 12 . The average temperature in January 4 7 ，月均温 。全年无霜期 。年平均降雨量约 ，降水季节分配不均匀，全年降水的集中在夏季的、月，、月常有暴雨。以在北京市城市绿化中应用较广的草地早熟禾与麦冬为材料；试验地开阔，通风性好，无遮阴，试验小区面积为 。 July - 7, temperature 25 26 . The annual frost-free period of 180 200 D. The average annual rainfall of about 600 mm, uneven seasonal distribution of the precipitation, the annual precipitation of 80% concentrated in the summer of 6, 7, August, 7, August ( 2 ) often have heavy rain. With the wide application in city virescence in Beijing bluegrass and Radix Ophiopogonis as materials; test to open, good ventilation, no shading, the test area is 2 m 2 m.试验方法 1.2 test methods酸雨模拟试验采用浓硫酸与亚硫酸钠反应，配制值为的二氧化硫溶液，熔铝炉置于容量为 的容器中，于年月日至月日，连续 对试验小区进行均匀喷洒，以创造模拟酸雨的环境。 1.2.1 simulated acid rain experiment using concentrated sulfuric acid and sodium sulfite reaction, preparation of pH value of sulfur dioxide solution 4, container in the capacity of 0.3 L, from July 28, 2010 to August 11th, 15 consecutive D on experimental plots were sprayed, in order to create simulated acid rain environment.绿地质量观察在模拟酸雨环境前后，对试验小区绿地的综合质量进行评定，包括叶片色泽、长势、盖度等，以考查模拟酸雨环境对绿地质量的影响。 1.2.2 green quality was observed before and after the simulated acid rain environment, comprehensive quality evaluation of test area green space, including the leaf color, growth, the main effect of acid rain on the green, environmental quality in order to examine the simulation.叶片硫含量的测定模拟酸雨环境前后，每小区分别采集约 的叶片样品，烘干后采用硫酸钡溶胶比浊法测定叶片中的硫含量，植物吸硫能力（-）。式中，为试验前硫含量，为试验后硫含量。 Before and after 1.2.3 sulfur content determination of simulated acid rain environment, each district were collected approximately 200 g leaf samples, turbidimetric method determination of sulfur content in leaves ( 3 - 5 ) after drying using barium sulphate sol, plant sulfur absorption ability of W = ( C2-C1 ) / C1 * 100%. In C1 test, sulfur content, sulfur content of C2 test.叶片叶绿素相对含量的测定采用手持式型叶绿素仪测定叶片叶绿素的相对含量。每个小区选取株能反映小区整体颜色的植株（即剔除个别枯黄植株的影响），羟丙基甲基纤维素用叶绿素仪测其顶端向下第三片成熟叶的值，每一叶片测个位点，取平均值作为该叶片的数值。 Determination of relative content of leaf chlorophyll 1.2.4 chlorophyll relative content determination using hand-held SPAD502 chlorophyll meter. Each district selected 6 strains can reflect the overall color area of the plant (i.e., eliminating the influence of the individual and the plant ), the top down third mature leaves use chlorophyll meter SPAD value ( 6 ), each blade measuring 3 sites, and the average value as the leaf SPAD value ( 7 ).结果与分析 2 results and analysis绿地质量观察 2.1 green quality observation模拟酸雨环境前，麦冬和草地早熟禾均表现为色泽浓绿，长势良好，盖度达到以上。在连续 喷洒二氧化硫溶液后，小区内的绿地质量有所下降，植物叶片色泽由深绿色变为深绿中略带发黄，并有的叶片呈现枯黄色，叶片较喷洒二氧化硫溶液前更易折断，盖度也下降到。另外，绿地中还含有微弱的刺激性气味，分析原因是喷洒的二氧化硫溶液挥发形成的。两种植物长势