词汇练习1(上课).doc

词汇练习11. intensive adj. 1. 加强的；集中的；深入细致的，彻底的。2.【语言学】加强词义的。3.【农业】精耕细作的，集约的。an intensive bombardment 密集炮击an intensive study 彻底的研究intensive reading 精读 (opp. extensive reading 泛读) intensive adverb 强义副词如 very, awfully, terribly等intensive agriculture farming 细耕农业，集约农业intensive (and careful) cultivation 精耕细作extensive adj. 1.广阔的，广大的，广博的；(交易等)大量的；范围广泛的2.【农业】粗放的(opp. intensive)extensive knowledge 广博的知识 an extensive order 大批定货extensive reading 泛读，粗读；博览群书extensive cultivation 粗放的耕作expansive adj.1.易扩张的，膨胀性的。2.辽阔的，浩瀚的。3.胸襟开阔的，豁达的；滔滔不绝的。4.豪华的。5.【心理学】自大狂的；趾高气扬的。an expansive forehead 宽阔的前额。 expansive delusion 自大狂。2. constrain vt.1. 强迫，强制 (to)。2. 束缚，约束；使紧张，紧压，使不舒服不自由。3. 把关进，监禁。be constrained to (do) 不得不；被迫。 constrain oneself 勉强，自制。 constraining force 抑制力；【物理学】约束力。 feel constrained 觉得不自如受压迫，不舒服。detain vt.1. 留住，阻住。2. 扣留；拘留。He was detained by business. 他因有事而留下了。 detain sb. as a suspect 把某人当做嫌疑犯而加以拘留。remain vi. 1. 剩余，剩下；遗留，留下；活着(未死)。2. 逗留(在某处) (in; at; with)。3. 搁着不动，搁置；尚待；留待；依然，仍然；继续存在，现存。4. 终属，归于 (with)。This remained over from yesterdays dinner. 这是昨天晚饭吃剩的。 I remained three weeks in Paris. 我在巴黎逗留了三个星期。 She remains unmarried. 她仍然没有结婚。 Much Little nowremains to be done. 还有许多事没有什么事待做。 I remain yours truly sincerely, etc. 你永远忠实的，谨上信尾客套话。 It remains to be proved that. () 尚待证明。 Nothing remains but to. 只要就行了(Nothing remains but to draw the moral. 只要引出其中的教训就行了)。 remain abroad 滞留在国外。 remain at home 留在家里，留在国内。 remain at ones post 留在岗位上。 remain faithful 保持忠诚。 remain with 在的权限内，在的手里，属于，归于，终属。sustain vt. 1.支撑，支持。2.补养；维持；加强，鼓舞；使持续；养(家)。3.遭受；忍受，忍耐。4.证明，证实；(法庭等)确认，承认，认可；准许。5.能胜任；能扮演(角色)，善于表演(性格)。6.抵挡。food sufficient to sustain life 足够维持生活的食物。 sustain a defeat 吃败仗；受挫折。 sustain an injury 负伤。 sustain a great loss 蒙受重大损失。 sustain comparison with another 能和别人相比而无逊色。 sustain the objection 容纳异议。 sustain ones role 能扮演所担任的角色。 The sea wall sustains the shock of the waves. 海堤能抵挡海浪的冲击。3. conservative a.1. 保守的，守旧的；有保存力的。2.C- 保守党的 (opp. Liberal, Radical)。3.稳健的；(估计等)谨慎的。confidential a.1.极信任的，心腹的。2.秘密的，机密的。3.(语气等)亲密的。Confidential (此系)密件信封用语。 Strictly confidential绝密。 a confidential clerk 极受信任的职员。 a confidential creditor 优先债权人。 a confidential inquiry 秘密调查打听。 a confidential opinion 心里话。 a confidential document 密件，保密文献。 confidential papers 机密文件。 confidential communication 密告；(不对外公开的)秘密通知。 confidential price list (内部的)秘密价目单。comprehensive a.1. 广泛的，全面的，完整的，包含多的，综合的。2. 有理解力的，悟性好的。a comprehensive knowledge 渊博的知识。 a comprehensive mind 宽大的心胸。 a comprehensive account description 全面的说明记载。 a comprehensive survey 全面调查。 comprehensive faculty 理解力。 a comprehensive English-Chinese dictionary 综合英汉词典。 be comprehensive of 包含。 comprehensive utilization 综合利用。consistent a.1.一致的，协调的，相容的，不矛盾的 (with); 首尾一贯的。2.言行一致的；坚定的，有操守的。3. 稳定发展的，持续不变的be consistent with sth 与相一致，与相吻合a policy consistent with public good 符合公众利益的政策。Her injuries are consistent with having fallen from the building.她的伤与从大楼上掉下来的情况吻合。The results are consistent with earlier research.结果与先前的研究相符合。the firm and consistent policy 坚定不移的方针。 He is not consistent in his statement. 他的陈述前后不符。Shes the teams most consistent player.她是该队中表现最为稳定的选手。We need to be consistent in our approach.我们在方法上要前后一致。a consistent improvement in the countrys economy该国经济的持续好转The evidence is not consistent. 证据前后不一致。4. stability n.1. 稳定，稳定性，稳度。secure financial stability 确保财政上的稳定。capability n.1.能力，才能，本领。first rate capabilities 卓越的能力，过硬本领。 a man of great capabilities 很有前途的人；可造之材。persistence n.1. 坚持；固执；顽固。2. 持续性；持久；存留。permanence n.持久，永久；不变；永久性，耐久性。5. desperation n.拼命，不顾死活；绝望。 be driven to desperation 不得不拼命。drive (a person) to desperation 使拼命；口语使大发脾气。in desperation 拼死，无可奈何地。decrease n.despair n.1. 绝望，失望。2. 令人绝望的原因指人或事。3. 望尘莫及的人事物。Defeat after defeat filled us with despair. 接二连三的失败，使我们感到绝望。 She gave up the attempt in despair. 她失望地放弃尝试。 He is my despair. 他是无可救药的了他是我万万赶不上的。 He is his mothers despair. 他使他妈绝望了。 abandon oneself give oneself up to despair 只会悲观失望。 be driven to despair 遭到失望。 in despair 绝望地。 out of despair 出于绝望而。 the despair of 使某人失望；使某人感到望尘莫及。 yield give way to despair 打断念头，深自绝望。depression n. 1.压低，降低，陷落。2. 不景气，萧条，不振。3. 沮丧，消沉。4. 抑郁症。atmospheric depression 低(气)压。 nervous depression 神经衰弱。 suffer from be affected with depression 患神经衰弱症。6. 7. 8. transform v. vt. (使)变形；(使)变化转化，转变；变态，改变(性质、机能等)，改造，改革；【数学】变换；【电学】变换；转换；变压。vi. 变形，变化，转化；变态。 A caterpillar is transformed into a butterfly. 毛虫变成蝴蝶。to completely change the appearance , form or character of something or someone, especially in a way that improves it 使改观，使变形，使转化Increased population has transformed the landscape.人口的增加使景观发生了变化。The movie transformed her almost overnight from an unknown schoolgirl into a megastar.那部电影几乎在一夜之间就让她从一名默默无闻的女学生变成了一位巨星。transport verb /trnspt/ DJ 1. to take something/somebody from one place to another in a vehicle （用交通工具）运输，运送，输送 VN usually VN + adv./prep. to transport goods/passengers/cattle 运送货物旅客牛 Most of our luggage was transported by sea. 我们的大部份行李都是海运的。 2. to move something somewhere by means of a natural process （以自然方式）运输，输送，传播 VN usually VN + adv./prep. The seeds are transported by the wind. 这些种子是由风传播的。 Blood transports oxygen around the body. 血把氧气输送到全身。 transfer verb /trnsf(r)/ DJ /trnsf/ KK 1. to move from one place to another; to move something/somebody from one place to another （使）转移，搬迁 (sth/sb) (from) (to) The film studio is transferring to Hollywood.这家电影制片厂正迁往好莱坞。 V How can I transfer money from my bank account to his? 怎么才能把我账户上的钱转到他的账户上呢？ VN The patient was transferred to another hospital.患者转送到了另一家医院。 I couldnt transfer all my credits from junior college. 我无法把我在专科学校的所有学分都转过来。 especially American English V VN If I spend a semester in Madrid, will my credits transfer? 如果我在马德里上一学期的课，我的学分能转过来吗？ especially American English 2. to move from one job, school, situation, etc. to another; to arrange for somebody to move （使）调动；转职；转学；改变（环境） (sb) (from) (to) Children usually transfer to secondary school at 11 or 12. 儿童通常在 11 或 12 岁时升到中学。 V He transferred to UCLA after his freshman year. 他读完大学一年级后，转学到加利福尼亚大学洛杉矶分校。 Ten employees are being transferred from the sales department. 十名雇员已调离销售部。 VN 3. if you transfer a feeling, a disease, or power, etc., or if it transfers from one person to another, the second person has it, often instead of the first 转移（感情）；传染（疾病）；让与，转让（权力等） Joe had already transferred his affections from Lisa to Cleo.乔已移情别恋，把爱意从莉萨转移到了克利奥身上。 VN This disease is rarely transferred from mother to baby(= so that the baby has it as well as the mother).这种疾病很少由母亲传给婴儿。 4. to officially arrange for something to belong to somebody else or for somebody else to control something 转让；让与 VN sth (to sb) He transferred the property to his son. 他把财产转让给了儿子。 5. to move, or to move somebody, to a different sports team, especially a professional football team 转会（尤指职业足球队） (sb) (from) (to) especially British English He transferred to Everton for 6 million. 他以 600 万英镑的转会费转到埃弗顿队。 V He was transferred from Spurs to Arsenal for a huge fee. 他以巨额转会费从热刺队转到阿森纳队。 VN 6. to change to a different vehicle during a journey; to arrange for somebody to change to a different vehicle during a journey （使在旅途中）转乘，换乘，倒车 (sb) (from) (to) I transferred at Bahrain for a flight to Singapore. 我在巴林转乘飞往新加坡的班机。 V Passengers are transferred from the airport to the hotel by taxi. 旅客自机场改乘出租汽车到旅馆。 VN 7. to copy information, music, an idea, etc. from one method of recording or presenting it to another; to be recorded or presented in a different way 转存，转录（资料、音乐等）；改编 (sth) (from sth) (to sth) You can transfer data to a disk in a few seconds. 你可以在几秒钟内将数据转存到磁盘上。 VN The novel does not transfer well to the movies. 这部小说不太适宜改编成电影。 V transmit/trnsmt/ DJ/trnsmt/ KK/trnz-/ DJ verb 1. to send an electronic signal, radio or television broadcast, etc. 传送；输送；发射；播送 (sth) (from) (to) signals transmitted from a satellite 从卫星传送来的信号 usually VN + adv./prep. VN The ceremony was transmitted live by satellite to over fifty countries. 典礼通过卫星向五十多个国家进行了实况转播。 a short-wave radio that can transmit as well as receive 收发两用的短波无线电装置 V 2. to pass something from one person to another 传播；传染 VN sexually transmitted diseases 性传播疾病 Parents can unwittingly transmit their own fears to their children.父母自己的恐惧有可能在无意中感染了孩子。 Mathematical knowledge is transmitted from teacher to student.数学知识由老师传授给学生。3. to allow heat, light, sound, etc. to pass through 传（热、声等）；透（光等）；使通过 VN technical 9. recover v.vt.1. 克复，恢复。2. 收回，取回，挽回(失去或被夺去之物)；回收(废料)；重新获得找到(失传的技术等)；找到，搜出(失踪的尸体等)。3.使痊愈，使复原；使清醒，使复活。4.赔偿(损失等)；取得(损害赔偿等)。5.使和解，安抚，怀柔。6.使悔改。7.填海造(地)，围垦。 recover ones feet legs (跌倒后又)站起来。 recovered acid 回收酸。 recovered wool 再生毛。 recover ones losses 弥补挽回损失。 recover land from the sea 填海拓地。 R- arms! 【军事】还原(由瞄准转为预备放的口令)! recovered area 收复区。 recover oneself 清醒过来；心定下来；手脚恢复自由；重行站稳。recover the meaning of 发现的意义。 recover the wind of 重新追寻到(猎物的)臭迹。vi. 1.恢复；痊愈 (from of) 苏生，清醒。resume v.vt. 1. 拿回，取回，收回(给人的东西等)；恢复(自由等)；重占(场所等)；再穿用(衣服等)；再开始用(烟管等)。2.重新开始(已停的事)，继续(中断的谈话等)。3.扼要说，摘要叙述。4.重新获得工作 (work), 复职 (office), 收复失地 (lost territory)。resume a pipe (把烟斗再点着)又抽起烟斗来了。 The House resumed work. 议会(休会后)又开会了。 resume ones seat 回位，回到原位，归席。 resume ones spirits 恢复精神。 resume the thread of ones discourse 言归正传，回到谈话的本题。vi. 重新开始；再讲，继续讲；扼要讲。 Let us resume where we left off. 让我们回头来再接下去讲。 Well, to resume. 好，接下去讲。renew v.vt. 1.翻新(旧物)，更新。2.使(精神)一新；使复活，使苏生；恢复(青春等)；再兴，重建。3.重新想起；重新开始，再开始(攻击等)；重做；反复。4.重订，更改(契约等)；换取(新的东西)，更换；再补给，补充。a coat renewed in places 东缝西补的上衣。 renew correspondence efforts, game 再开始通讯努力、游戏。 renew the garrison 增援守军。 A snake renews its skin. 蛇蜕皮。 renew ones health 恢复健康。 renew ones old friendship with 和重温旧情。 renew ones youth 回复青春。vi. 恢复原状；重新开始；继续；展期。restore vt.1.拿回原处，恢复原状；复旧；恢复；复活，复兴，再兴(制度、习惯等)，使复位，使复职，使复辟。2.归还。3.修理，修补，重建，修复；再造，复原(古生物)，补正，校补(书籍中的缺失文字等)。4.使恢复健康元气，使恢复意识。restore order 恢复秩序。 restore to its owner (把拾物等)归还原主。 restore sb. to life 使人苏醒过来。 be restored out of all recognition 修复得一点也认不出。10. sensible a.懂事的；有常识的；通情达理的；明智的；合情合理的；有理智的；(人、方法等)聪明的He was sensible enough to mind his own business. 他很聪明，不管别人闲事。 a sensible idea 明智的意见。 a sensible man 聪明人。 a sensible plan 切合实际的计划。 a sensible proposal 合理的建议。 flexible a.灵活的柔韧的；柔顺的objective a.1.【哲学】客观的；真实的；实在的 (opp. subjective); 外界的；如实的；无偏见的。2.目的的；目标的。3.【语言学】宾格的。4.【医学】病情除本人外也为他人感觉到的。n. 1.目的，目标，任务；【军事】出击目标。military objectives 军事目标。2.【语言学】宾格。4.客观事物，实在事物。sensitive a.1.有感觉的。2.敏感的，感觉灵敏的；敏锐的。3.易受伤的。4.(神经)过敏的，神经质的。5.易于发生反应的。6.(软片等)感光的。7.(市场等)易波动的；易受影响的。8.极机密的；极微妙的。sensitive faculty 感性；感(觉)官(能)。 a sensitive position 一个涉及高度机密而微妙的职位。 be sensitive to 对敏感，易感受。 sensitive about ones appearance 关心外表；注意修饰。11.decline v. Vi. 1.下倾，下降；跌落；歪斜；(树枝等)下垂，(头)低下。2.衰落，衰老。3.堕落，退步；落魄。4.接近终了；近尾声。5.进行词形变化。6.谢绝，拒绝。The birth rate in our country has been declining for several years. 我国人口的出生率几年来一直在下降。 Prices begin to decline. 物价开始下降。 the rotten and declining system 腐朽没落的制度。 She invited me to dinner but I declined on account of urgent business. 她请我吃饭，但我因有急事谢绝了。Vt. 1.谢绝，拒绝。2.使下倾，使下降，使歪斜，使(头)低垂。3.【语法】变化(名词、代名词、形容词的)词尾。She declined her head in despair. 她垂头丧气。 He never declines to do what his mother asks him to do. 母亲叫他做什么，他从来不拒绝。 decline an invitation 谢绝邀请。 decline . with thanks 婉言谢绝。descend v.1.下来，下降。descend from a hill 由山上下来Descending a. 形容词下降的，下行的；递降的。 a descending letter 下垂字母 g, p, y 等。 descending powers 【数学】降幂。 a descending scale 【音乐】下行音阶。12.acknowledge vt.1.认，承认；供认。The family acknowledge the need for change.全家人都承认需要改变一下。He acknowledges that when hes tired he gets bad-tempered.他承认自己累了就会发脾气。Claire acknowledged that she was guilty.克莱尔承认有罪。The government must acknowledge what is happening and do something about it.政府必须承认发生的一切并采取行动。“Maybe you are right,” She acknowledged.“也许你是对的。”她承认道。This is a fact that most smokers readily acknowledge. 这是大多数烟民都愿意承认的事实。2.感谢，答谢。3.告知收到(信等)。4.对(人)打招呼5.【法律】公证。acknowledge ones defeat 认输。 acknowledge ones fault 认错，赔不是，道歉。 acknowledge a man as to be ones superior 自认不如某人。 acknowledge (the receipt of) a letter 表示收到来信。 acknowledge a statement 声明已经注意到。 acknowledge a deed 公证一项契约。 acknowledge oneself to be 自认是。 acknowledge the applause 谢幕。ascribe v. ascribe sth to sb/sth1.把归因于这份报告认为儿童哮喘发病率上升是因为污染加剧。The report ascribes the rise in childhood asthma to the increase in pollution.He ascribes his failure to fate. 他把失败归咎于命运。 2.认为是所写，所说，所做等a quotation thats often been ascribed to Marilyn Monroe常被认为是玛丽莲梦露说的一句话The alphabet is usually ascribed to the Phoenicians. 人们一般都说字母表是腓尼基人发明的。3. 认为是的特点Local people ascribes healing properties to this fruit.当地人认为这种水果具有药用特性。ascribable a. Most of the accidents were ascribable to the bad weather.大多数事故是由恶劣天气引起的。grant v. 1.许可，答应，承认。2.授与，让渡，转让。3.假定，姑且承认。grant (sb.) a request 接受(某人)要求。 grant a pension 给予退休金。 I grant you. 就算你对。 This granted, what next 就算这样，下文呢？ grant(ing) that . granted that .假定，即使。 take it for granted 认为当然 ( accept as true)。impart v.1. 赋予，给予（某种品质）impart sth to sth Use a piece of fresh ginger to impart a Far-Eastern flavor to simple ingredients.用一片鲜姜让简单的原料带有远东的风味。2. （向某人）传授（知识、智慧），透露（信息），告知She had information that she couldnt wait to impart. 她得到了消息，迫不及待地想告诉别人。13.dignify vt.1.使有威严，使高贵；授以荣誉。2.把夸大为。to dignify cowardice by calling it prudence 把怯懦美化为谨慎。clarify v.vt. 1.澄清(液体等)；【生物学】透化。2.说明，讲清楚，阐明。Eg:Could you clarify one or two points for me?有一两个地方你能给我讲讲清楚吗？Reporters asked him to clarify his position (=say exactly what his beliefs are) on welfare reform.记者们要求他阐明他在福利改革问题上的立场。The report aims to clarify how these conclusions were reached. 那份报告旨在阐明这些结论是如何得出的。vi. 1.(液体等)澄清，净化。2.变得清楚易懂。acknowledge vt.承认权威，承认（优秀、重要）acknowledge sb/sth as sth be widely/generally acknowledged to be stheg:The film festival is acknowledged as an event of international importance.那个电影节被认为国际盛事。The mill produces what is widely acknowledged to be the finest wool in the world. 那家工厂生产公认的世界最优质毛料。Many of the poor acknowledged him as their spiritual leader.许多穷苦热承认他是他们的精神领袖。illustrate v. 1. (用例子、图解等)说明；举例证明。2.加上插图图解。an illustrated book newspaper 有插图的书籍报纸。14.contemplate v. 1. 打算，想，考虑He had even contemplated suicide.他甚至想过要自杀。2. 考虑接受，视为可能Too dreadful/horrifying etc to contemplateThe thought that she might be dead was too terrible to contemplate. 她可能已经死了的想法真是太可怕了，让人都不敢想下去。3. 深思，细想=considerJack went on vacation to contemplate his future. 杰克去度假，借机思考一下他的未来。She sat down and contemplated what she had done.她坐下来细想自己所做的事。 deem vt. （不用进行式）认为，视为deem that They deemed that he was no longer capable of managing the business.他们认为他没有能力再管理这家企业了。deem sth necessary/appropriate etc They were told to take whatever action they deemed necessary.他们被告知可采取任何必要的行动。be deemed to be sthThey were deemed to be illegal immigrants.他们被视为非法移民。be deemed to do sthUK plans were deemed to infringe EU law. 英国的计划被认为触犯了欧盟的法律。acknowledge v. anticipate v.预期，预料，预测；指望，期待。I anticipate (that there will be) trouble. 我预料会有麻烦。15.highlight v. 及物动词 在上投上强光；强调，使显著；使突出，使注意力集中于underline v. 1.划线于下面，给划字下线；加强，强调；使突出。activate v. 1.使活动，开动，起动，触发；创设，成立(机构等)。2.【化学】激活；活化。3.【物理学】赋能；使产生放射性upgrade v. 提升(级别)；提高(重要性、质量等)；使升级。16.activate v. 1.使活动，开动，起动，触发；创设，成立(机构等)。2.【化学】激活；活化。3.【物理学】赋能；使产生放射性alleviate v.减轻(痛苦等)，缓和(愁苦、难度等)。alleviate the problem/situation/suffering etca new medicine to alleviate the symptoms of flu一种减轻流感症状的新药measures to alleviate poverty扶贫措施用药治疗；在中加入药品。 medicate v. 及物动词a medicated bath 药浴。 medicated soap 药皂。deteriorate vt/vi. 1.弄坏，使恶化。2.败坏(风俗)；降低(品质等)。3.堕落。deteriorate ones health 弄坏身体。 deteriorate relations with other countries 恶化同其他国家的关系。17. abrupt a. 1.突然的，猝然的2.粗暴的，没礼貌的，(态度)生硬的。3.陡的，险峭的；急转的。4.(讲话、文章等)不连贯的，支离的。an abrupt turn 急转弯。 an abrupt manner 无礼的态度。 an abrupt entrance 闯入。absurd a. 不合理的；荒谬的，荒诞的，荒唐无稽的；荒唐可笑的。 Dont be absurd. 不要胡闹搞，说。acute a. 1.锐，尖 (opp. blunt; obtuse); 【植物；植物学】急尖的。2.敏锐的，精明的，深刻的。3.剧烈的，厉害的。4.【音乐】尖锐的，高音的；【语音】锐音的；【医学】急性的 (opp. chronic)。acute pain 剧痛。apt a. 1.易于的，有倾向的，好的后接不定式美国有可能的。be apt to do 2.适当的，恰当的。3.灵敏的，灵巧的；擅长的；(学生等)有希望的。He is apt at teaching. 他善于教书。 He is apt to succeed. 他很可能成功。 We are apt to think ill of others. 我们往往从坏的方面考虑人。 Iron is apt to rust. 铁易生锈。 an apt comment 恰当的评论。18. comply vi. 应允，答应，依从，同意；遵照。 to comply with sb.s request 答应某人要求。 comply with the rules 遵守规则行事。 comply with a formality 履行手续。Failure to comply with the regulations will result in prosecution. 不遵守规定者将被起诉。adhere v. 1.黏附；固着；附着 (to)。2.遵循；坚持；信守 (to)。the mud adhering to our shoes 黏在鞋子上的泥。 The eggs of these fish adhere to plant leaves.这些鱼产下的卵附着在植物叶片上。We adhere to the principles of equal rights and freedom of expression for all.我们坚持人人平等和言论自由的权利。I have adhered strictly to the rules. 我严格遵守规章制度。adhere to neutrality 严守中立。confirm v. 1.使更坚固坚定，坚强。2.(进一步)证实确定。3.【法律】使有效，确认，批准，认可。4.坚持认为 (that)。confirm a treaty 批准条约。 confirm sb. in his belief 使某人信仰更坚定。 It wants yet to be confirmed. 还待确证。 confirm an order (卖主)确证已收到订单。 confirm a plane reservation (乘客)向航空公司确认所订机票不作变动。accord v. 一致，与符合 (with)。 His actions accord with his words. 他言行一致。19.adhere v. 见第18题reflect v. conform v./knfm/ DJ 1. to behave and thin