词组+词的用法.doc

Take sb by surprise 让某人吃惊I cant believe it. Youre really taking me by surprise. In the dark 一无所知I thought marriages have been decreasing steadily throughout time. I guess Im in the dark about marriage.Under the impression 在印象中A:I was under the impression that marriages lasted forever a long time ago.B: Dont worry, youre not alone. Many people are under that same impression.More often than not经常地More often than not, the cause was the early death of either the husband or wife.A far cry (from)相当大的差异Keep in mind that living standards, household and public sanitation and health were a far cry from what we have now.Go on 继续。Many widows and widowers went on to remarry.Sit on the fence保持中立In my opinion, both sides are correct, but its hard to sit on the fence with an issue like this.Cut and dried 事先准备的，枯燥无味的This is not a cut and dried issue. Lets take our time and take a look at what some of the experts say.Bear in mind v.记住=keep in mindBear in mind that this is work in progress.scissors and paste剪刀加浆糊, 无创造性的工作It is imperative not to turn your job into a “ scissors and paste” mosaic ofother peoples words and evidence.skate over掠过, 滑过That author is skating over the surface of the question.at all cost ( =at any cost)不惜任何代价, 无论如何There is an academic tradition of avoiding the word “I” at all costs, as if using it jeopardizes academic detachment.put forth放出, 发表, 颁布, 提出Some zoologists and microbiologists have put forth a “Three R Solution” to this debate: replacement, reduction and refinement.At a time每次, 在某时At one time同时, 曾经 At times有时, 不时Left up to 取决于Everything from the setting to the character descriptions is left up to the readers mind, and therefore can be quite enjoyable.get hold of 抓住, 得到As all of you know, all living things need resources to survive, whether for food or to provide shelter. Humans are just very good at getting hold of them.as to 关于, 至于Do any of you have an idea as to what percentage of the worlds important fish stocks are already overexploited?as if 就好像It seemed as if the meeting would never end.The same goes for.对什么来说也是同样的。If you catch fish faster than they can reproduce, there will be no fish for anybody to use in the future. The same goes for forests.carry out 完成, 实现, 贯彻, 执行this is how they learn new practical skills and they can practice them immediately while carrying out their chores.Stay in touch with sb 与某人联系Im sure most of you stay in touch with your friends using your cell phones.By leaps and bounds 飞跃地，非常快的Mobile phones have come a long way since their introduction and have advanced by leaps and bounds in regard to technology.In regard to sth与某事/物有关的Regarding 关于。Another controversial issue regarding mobile phones is whether drivers should be able to talk on the phone.hook up 勾结：形成某种联系或纽带In Korea, many phones nowadays can even be hooked up to a small mobile TV. over time随着时间的过去,同样的：over the years, monthsUsers of cell phones have also increased markedly over the years.back up支持 Scientists back up this belief because they have known for many years that radio waves can cause heating of the skin and affect cells in the nervous system.due to adv.由于, 应归于(后面一般跟的原因)Due to these complaints, safety guidelines for working with powerful radio waves have been introduced.They were unwilling to call the mobile phones “safe” due to the need for more research. as a resultadv. 结果As a result, the radio waves they emit are minimal. Although it is not specifically connected with any health issues, people are still concerned.by and large adv.大体上, 基本上By and large, studies have shown that mobile phones do not place adults at risk, unless they are driving and talking on the phone at the same time. Place sb at risk 把某人置于危险in order to +动词, 为了。In order to satisfy critics who still think that mobile phones emit an excessive level of radio waves, the hands-free phone has gained support.rather than 与其。不如。1、conj.（连接词）：Rather than holding your mobile against your ear, which increases your exposure to radio waves, you can now place it in your lap and still talk to someone with an ear-piece cable.2. prep.（介词）= Instead of: The immune system plays the villain rather than the protector.Liken sth to sth把.比作One gerontologist likened the disease to living in a room with no doors and no windows, no escape, no sense of time.Be taken for granted被认为是理所当然的In democratic societies such as America, Canada and Europe, freedom of speech is sometimes taken for granted, but is still held sacred by law.Relate to与。有关系The report relates high wages to/with labor shortages.In accordance with 与什么一致He acted in accordance with his belief.as such adv.同样的Each tornado is unique and as such they are never the same size but on average they are between 130-170 meters wide and can travel up to 90 kilometers per hour.in a sense 在某种意义上way out in left field.忽略了另一个领域In a sense, welfare is correct, but your explanation is way out in left field.take a turn for the worse变坏, 恶化The already gloomy public mood took a turn for the worse when the Soviets placed the first man in orbit in 1961.Stand in the way of 妨碍,阻住.的路Now that the masses are full of enthusiasm, the Ministry shouldnt stand in their way.as opposed to 与什么相反Highly trained scientists and technicians were developing products based upon electronic devices as opposed to the tons of steel.drop out ofAfter dropping out of college, Smith turned a faltering airplane engine repair business into a stable business.make the best ofmake the best of useWe must make the best we can of the few natural resources we have.bring into operationThis system has been brought into operationcome to ones sensesWe hope hell come to his sense and correct his mistake.get rid ofGet rid of your dirty shoeskeep ones wordTo our disappointment, they didnt keep their wordslose ones temperMen lose their temper in defending their tastes.take a chanceI know its dangerous but Ill take a chance.take into accountWhen judging his performance, dont take his age into account.all of a sudden suddenlyHe burst into laughter all of a sudden.as a matter of factAs a matter of fact , social customs vary in different parts of the worldevery now and thenEvery now and then he would lapse into the local dialect.for the momentThis will serve the purpose for the momentheart and soulWe should serve the people heart and soul.实副词Hopefully, apparently, obviously, definitely, evidently, undoubtedly, indisputably, fortunately, regrettably, predictably, presumably, tentatively, provisionally, successfully, unsuccessfully, understandably, reasonably, justifiably, intelligently, intellectually, mistakenly, wrongly, erroneously, incorrectly, foolishly, ideally, imaginably, optimistically, pessimistically, miraculously, coincidentally, academically, theoretically, practically, pragmatically, economically, financially, officially, physically, psychologically, mentally, spiritually, culturally, historically, socially, commercially, mechanically, morally, ethically, politically, physically, outwardly, spiritually, geographically, technologically, psychologically, technically, superficially, statistically, intellectually, scientifically, remarkably, logically1, From a cultural point of view, Singapore is composed of many different ethnic groups. Culturally speaking Singapore is composed of many different ethnic groups. 2, But we all know that in a lot of ways its not satisfying in term of culture.But we all know that in a lot of ways its not culturally satisfying.3, We want equal treatment and equal opportunities, but we have a deep-rooted, illogical and romantic desire to be taken care of emotionally and financially.We want equal treatment and equal opportunities, but we have a deep-rooted, illogical and romantic desire to be taken care in term of emotion and finance.4, The consortium says it has never been a secret that the development is led by commercial, but the protesters feel that all the consultation is “merely PR”.The consortium says it has never been a secret that the development is commercially led, but the protesters feel that all the consultation is “merely PR”.5, He shot the woman by coincidence.He coincidentally shot the woman.6, Tobacco addicts remain blind to signs that say “NO SMOKING”, which is hopeless.Tobacco addicts remain hopelessly blind to signs that say NO SMOKING.7, The Chinese delegation urged the members of the Security Council to give serious consideration to the situation, which was justifiable.The Chinese delegation justifiably urged the members of the Security Council to give serious consideration to the situation. 8, Making all children learn a foreign language will do nothing to help Britain in term of commercial.9, It must work in a technical way and fulfill the needs of those who occupy it, but it must also10, The fact is that the energy crisis，which has suddenly been announced by the government, has been with us for a longtime11, Nevertheless, recent alarms about this problem caused wide public concern. This is understandable.12, Sure, everyone wants to be comfortable in terms of money.13, Lectures will never entirely disappear from the university scene, because they seem to be necessary in economy.14, Yet it is apparent that millions of people who would never think of themselves as lawbreakers, as they are running the red light. The fact is painful.15, Law enforcement cannot stand aloof, or it fails to assume its responsibility.16, As long as I might have enough money, I would be going away.17, Now, divorce has become accepted by society,18, Crookshanks darted up first; he had pressed his paw to the knot on the trunk, which was evident because Lupin, Pettigrew, and Ron clambered upwardwithout any sound of savaging branches.19, Caught by a brutal force, Harry fell hard on the concrete floor.20, It is justifiable that nonsmokers urge the government to take action to ban public smoking.21, It is unusual that he was quiet at the discussion.几个特殊副词1， He is not old enough to be responsible for his deeds.2， The teenagers are confident and courageous enough to contact the outside of the world so that their parents should encourage them to do so.3， The idea sounds too ridiculous to be accepted by the public.4， Children are too young to distinguish good from evil in front of them.5， Until the date when the sea doesnt touch the sand, parents still learn to look up to the happiness of their children.连词1增补(Addition) in addition, furthermore, again, also, besides, moreover, whats more, similarly, next, finally. Besides, another, For one thing for another, On (the) one handon the other hand$ H6 d o0 Q( P! x F3 2比较(Comparison) in the same way, likewise, similarly, equally, in comparison, just as or, and, also, too, not only but also, as well as, both and, either or, neithernor, be similar to, the same as, compared with (to)( O& J3 7 p/ p. Q3对照(Contrast) whereas, in contrast, on the other hand, instead, however, nevertheless, unlike, even though, on the contrary, while but, however, while, though, or, otherwise, in contrast, despite, in spite of, even though, except (for), instead, of course, after all,v7 F% i& a8 w4因果(Cause and effect)6 y1 b3 S? s5 pbecause, because of, for, since, due to, owing to, thanks to, as a result(of), accordingly, hence, so, thus, now that, as, thanks to, therefore, sothat, suchthat0 u: t7 a- F2 A0 y5 S# K 5强调(Emphasis)5 o m3 H- N% v4 Z! h) FJcertainly, above all, indeed, of course, surely, actually, as a matter of fact, chiefly, especially, primarily, in particular, undoubtedly, absolutely, most important, in fact, no doubt, without any doubt, truly, obviously,2 h4 G* * r l- X& d) A6让步(Concession). E4 d6 P* S p3 P6 7 8 Z, Malthough, though, after all, in spite of, nevertheless, still, provided, while it is true, as (so) long as, on condition that, if, unless/ s8 b* j5 ?6 I: $ ?7 _! S1 l d3 O7例证(Exemplification)4 S, A3 p) % v$ V9 P$ ofor example, for instance, that is, namely, such as, in other words, in this case, by way of illustration $ e7 e( r3 M0 ) j8总结(Conclusion): to sum up, to conclude, in a word, in short, in brief, all in all, in all, to put it in a nutshell, in summary, on the whole, generally speaking, in my opinion, as far as I know, As we all know, as has been stated, as I have shown, finally, at last, in conclusion,& z+ A6 j: w2 Y. b& T 9推断(Inference)5 E# V: f F8 Y, E! ?therefore, as a result(of), consequently, accordingly, so, otherwise+ E* S. x, P! v- 10时间和空间(Time and space) afterward, after, first, later, then, soon, outside, near, beyond, above, below, on the right(left), in the middle, opposite, in front of, now, at present, recently, after that, after a while, in a few days, at first, in the beginning, to begin with, next, finally, immediately, suddenly, all of a sudden, at that moment, as soon as, the moment, from now on, from then on, at the same time, meanwhile, till, notuntil, before, when, while, as, during1，双重所有格a, an, some, any, no, another, each, such, several, which, what, this, these, that, those + 名词 of 双重所有代词（1）It is no business of yours.（2）A friend of mine has gone to Japan.（3）Compared to their parents, those friends of childrens are more influential to them.2,反身代词加强语气，不用by（1） We might ruin our homeland ourselves.（2） Modern parents would always like to do everything well for their children but encourage them to do it themselves.（3） I myself saw him do that.3,很好很强大的it形式主语（1） It is unwise to give corporal punishment to children just because of some minor mistakes.（2） It is the only way of improving road safety to give severe punishment to driving offence.（3） It is still a heated topic whether children should be allowed to take computer classes.形式宾语（1）I find it pleasant working in the place where natural beauty is in my view.（2）Students find it not easy to pass the test that is coming next week.（3）The solution makes it possible that local people continue to live in the region.一、常用做插入语的副词indeed，surely，however，obviously，frankly，naturally，luckily，fortunately，strangely，honestly，briefly，otherwise; unfortunately，besides; first; second; especially; surprisingly，still，certainly，generally， personally， though， exactly，perhaps， maybe，probably， or rather 1.Luckilyforyou,Ihappentohavethekey.2.Strangely，hehasnotbeentoChinaUnicom.Stillmorestrangely，hehasnotcalledme.3. Harry liked this clock. It was completely useless if you wanted to know the time, but otherwise very informative.4. Its not funny, Ron, said Hermione sharply. Honestly, Im amazed Harry wasnt expelled. 5. He likes the country, especially in spring.6. When he got there，he found，however，that the weather was too bad. 7. Dudley, unsurprisingly, yelled and sputtered worse than ever, trying to fight her off.8. My fathers bone, naturally, meant that we would have to come here, where he was buried.9. Can you tell them at Hogwarts that the Dursleys have locked me up and wont let me come back, and obviously, I cant magic myself out.10. it had been, most unluckily, Uncle Vernon who had answered the call.二、常见的作插入语的形容词或其短语true，funny，strangetosay，needlesstosay，mostimportantofall，worsestill，sure enough，most important1.Strangetosay，heshouldhavedonesuchathing.2.Most important of all, he had to buy his new schoolbooks, which would include those for his two new subjects, Care of Magical Creatures and Divination.3. True, it would be too bad.4. Worse still, the lion could even carry off the baby in its mouth.三、常用作插入语的介词短语insum，inshort，inotherwords，inasense，ingeneral，inmyview，inhisopinion(judgment)，inconclusion，insummary，infact，inthefirstplace，inaddition，ofcourse，toourknowledge，tomyjoy(delight，satisfaction)，totheirsurprise(astonishment，amazement)，toherregret(disappointment)，forinstance(或example)，asamatteroffact，in a word; on the other hand; in ones opinion; in that case; by the way; as a rule，to ones surprise; for example; on the contrary，;in a way，for one thing; for another (thing)， as a result， in brief1.The information is hidden inside the chosen person, or Secret-Keeper, and is henceforth impossible to find - unless, of course, the Secret-Keeper chooses todivulge it.2. Inshort,weshouldnotstophalfway.3. In a way, I think we both won in the game.4. You cant wait anymore and you should, in other words，start at once.5. On the contrary，we should strengthen our corporation with them.6. Rude and unmanageable as he almost always was, Peeves usually showed some respect toward the teachers. Everyone looked quickly at Professor Lupin to see how he would take this; he was, to their surprise, still smiling.四、常用作插入语的分词短语strictlyspeaking，generallyspeaking，judgingfrom，generally speaking， frankly speaking; judging from/by; talking of，considering，putting it mildly1. Franklyspeaking,Idontlikethejob.2. Paintedwhite,welikethehousebetter.3. Judging from appearance, he se