课文知识点必修4.doc

课文知识点必修4UNIT 11.what makes a great person =something that makes a great person *Thats what caused the accident. *He is humorous. Thats what makes him different from other teachers. make vt.成为=become *You will make a good teacher.2.drive the English out of France drive vt.驱赶 *The enemy were driven out of the town. *Drive the dog away.3.As a young girl, she always. = when she was a young girl, she always当when引导的时间状语从句为系表结构时，而且从句的主语和主句的主语一致，其表语又是一个名词时，就可以用以as引导的省略句来代替when引导的从句。As a young man(=When he was a young man), he was fond of hunting.4.follow Janes way follow vt. 遵循，依照行事 *I will follow my teachers advice. *These orders must be followed at once. *The villagers still follow the customs of their ancestors. *She gave some simple rules to follow.5.behave 和behaviorbehave vi.举动，举止；表现; vt.使规矩*You really behave quite well.*She behaves as if she were a child. *If you dont behave yourself, I will not take you to the park.behavio(u)r n.行为，举止6.shade n.阴凉处 *It is cooler in the shade. *He slept in the shade of the trees. *Lets go and sit in the shade. shadow n.影子；阴影 *We are in the shadow of that building. *As the sun set, the shadows became larger. *This experience threw a lasting shadow on his life.7.worthwhile adj.值得花时间/钱/精力的；有价值的 worth adj.值得的；价值(多少钱)A.*We had a long wait, but it was worthwhile because we got the tickets. *We had a long wait, but it was worth it because we got the tickets.B.*The visit to Paris was worthwhile. *Paris is worth a visit/visiting. C.*He thinks learning a foreign language is worthwhile. *He thinks it is worthwhile to learn/ learning a foreign language. *He thinks a foreign language is worth learning.D.*It is worthwhile to buy/buying the big house. *The big house is worth buying.E.*She has got a very worthwhile job. *Heres some worthwhile advice for you. F.*How much is the picture worth? It is worth millions of dollars.8.observe vt. A.观察；注意到，看到 *He devoted all his life to observing the behavior of birds. *I observed a stranger walking into the room. * I observed a stranger walk into the room. B.遵循，遵守 *We still observe the custom. *The usage was not strictly observed. C.庆祝(节日)，过(节日) *Do they observe Christmas in that country? *How many holidays do you observe in your country?9.Only afterwas she allowed. Only加状语在句首，主句用倒装句。 *Only in this way can we learn English well.10.the way people think about chimps =the way that people think about chimps =the way in which people think about chimps11.respect n. vt.尊重，尊敬 *We should respect our teachers. *I respect your opinion. *We should have respect for our parents. *We should show respect to the elderly. 12.argue vi. vt.辩论,讨论 *I wont argue about the matter. *I wont argue with you. *He argued against/for the plan. *He argued that she should not go there. argument n.13.lead alife=live alife过生活 live/lead a happy/good/hard/simple/busy/ idle life14.Once I stop, once此处作连词，意为“一旦”。 *Once you have learned English, youll find German easy. *Once you agree, we will start the project. *Once he realized what it meant, he would be angry.15.crowd n.人群 vi.涌进 vt.挤满 *They got lost in the crowd. *As soon as the shop opened, people crowded in. crowded adj. 拥挤的 be crowded with挤满了 *The big store is often crowded on weekends. *The big store is often crowded with shoppers on weekends. *The bus was quite crowded today.16.support vt. *What is supporting the house? *He stood up, supporting himself on the arms of the chair.支撑 *He had to be supported home.搀扶 *He has a big family to support.养活 *His family supported him in the decision.支持17.look down upon/on看不起 look up to尊重，敬仰 look up and down上下打量18.refer to (referring, referred) A.提到，说到 *Dont refer to the matter again. *The speaker referred to the past to make his point. B.指,指的是 *When I said someone was lazy, I wasnt referring to you. *What does the pronoun in the sentence refer to? C.参照，查阅 *He is referring to a dictionary. *As he spoke, he referred to his notes.19.by chance=by accident偶然，无意中 *I met him by chance on the e across vt.遇到，碰到，发现 *I came across this book in an old bookstore. *If you come across a new word in the passage, look it up in the end be intended forA. intend (sb.) to do *What do you intend to do today? *I intended to come to your house last night but it rained. *Where did you intend him to go? *I intend you to go with me. 也可用于被动 *The experiment is intended to test the theory B. be intended for打算给, *The gift is intended for you. *The movie is intended for children. *The dictionary is intended for beginners.22.deliver vt.投递;接生;作(演讲) *He took a job to deliver newspapers. *The doctor delivered a baby. *He delivered a speech at the meeting.23.consider vt.考虑 considerate adj.考虑周到的,体贴的 consideration n.考虑; *He is a considerate man. *It was considerate of you to do so. *Thats very considerate of you. *After consideration, I accepted his advice.Useful Expressionshavein common 有共同点put sb. to death 将某人处死top leaders 高级领导in modern Chinese history在现代中国历史上welfare projects 福利工程in the shade 在阴凉处most of the time 大部分时间daily activity 日常活动body language 肢体语言social system 社会制度/体制in the wild 在野生状态a doctors degree 博士学位an early riser 早起者income tax 所得税at the computer 在电脑旁catch ones eye 吸引某人的眼球cut the death rate 减少死亡率later on 后来university entrance examination大学入学考试UNIT 21.go to bed hungry饿着肚子上床睡觉形容词在句中一般作定语、表语和补语，有时也可以作状语，表示伴随状态、方式或结果，具有副词的功能，一般用逗号隔开。此时不能换成副词。*Crusoe stared at the footprint, full of fear.=Crusoe, who was full of fear, stared at the footprint.克鲁索两眼订着脚印看，满心恐惧。 *He got home, tired. =He got home and was tired.*For a moment she just stood there, unable to believe what had just happened. *One woman was lying in bed, awake, listening to the rushing winds. *They stayed in the snow for several days, cold and hungry. *They broke into the uncles bed room and found the man lying on the floor, dead. -2.consider himself a farmer consider+宾语(n./pron.)+宾补(n.) *I dont consider him our friend. *His plan was not considered a good one.3.struggle vi.挣扎;奋斗;做努力； *The injured struggled out of the car. *They have struggled for decades to free their country from the enemy.4.for the past five decades over the past half century(P.14.)in/for/over the past/last（在过去的多少时间里）该时间状语要求句子用现在完成时 *In the last few years great changes have taken place in my hometown.5.thanks to=because of *Thanks to his help, we finished early. *Thanks to the doctor, Im well again. *It was thanks to his stupidity that we lost the game. 比较 *Thanks for your kindness. *Thanks for telling me that. *Many thanks to you for what you have done for me.6.ridof. 使摆脱 *I cant rid myself of the bad cough. *What can I do to rid the house of the rats? *I want to rid the room of bad smell. get rid of摆脱掉，去掉 *I cant get rid of the bad cough. *What can I do to get rid of the rats in the house?*I want to get rid of the bad smell in the room.7.would rather do sth. than do sth. *I would rather stay at home than go out. *He would rather walk than take a bus.8.mean very little to himmean a little/little/a lot/a great deal/much/ everything/anything/nothing to mean此处意为“有意义，有价值” *His work means a lot to him. *Money means nothing to him.9.equip vt.装备，配备(equipping,equipped) *Their army is well/poorly equipped, so its a well-equipped/poorly-equipped army. equip A with B 给A配备B*We equip every classroom with a computer. *Every classroom is equipped with a computer. *This is a classroom (which is) equipped with a computer.10.confuse vt.使迷惑/糊涂; 混淆，弄混 *The road signs here confused me. *I was confused by the road sings here. 所以，confused adj.感到迷惑的 confusing adj.令人困惑的, 迷惑人的 *The road signs here were confusing. *This is a confusing word because it has two meanings. *Im a little confused about this word. *She often confuses Australia with Austria.11.lead to引起，导致(=cause)；通向 *Too much work and too little rest often lead to illness. *Carelessness led to the accident. *Hard work led to his success. *This road leads to the railway station.12.turn to求助于;查阅;转向 *He often turn to me when he is in trouble. *She had no one to turn to for advice. *If you come across a new word, you can turn to/refer to a dictionary. *You can turn to this website for more information. *After graduation he became a teacher, but later turned to journalism.13.focuson把集中在上 focus ones mind/thoughts/eyes/attention on *He finds it hard to focus his attention on what the teacher is saying. *All the eyes were focused on him.14.free from/of 没有；摆脱 *Keep the table free from dirt by putting a cover over it. *Good eating and exercise will keep you free from/of cold. *Life in the countryside is free from/of noise. air free from pollution没有污染的空气15.avoid damaging Avoid要求后跟名词或动名词作宾语 *He ran fast to avoid being caught. *They all avoided mentioning the name. *We must do something to avoid the possible war.16.every few years每隔几年every与基数词、序数词、other 和few 连用，表示时间或空间的间隔，意为“每；每隔”。*He comes here every three days (every third day).他每三天(每隔两天)来这儿一次。 *Youd better plant a tree every five meters (every fifth meter). Write on every other line. 隔行写。 every other day 每隔一天 every few days 每隔几天(注意“few”前没有“a”，不能说every a few days every此时不能用each代替。17.commentA. n.评论，评语 *He made a comment on/about my mistake. *Have you any comments on the plan? B.vi.和on或upon连用 *He commented on my article. *I wont comment on what they have said.UNIT 31.break into 破门而入(vt.) break in 破门而入(vi.)注意两词组的用法区别 *Thieves broke in while the family was away. *We saw someone break in and steal something. *Thieves broke into the house while the family was away. *We had the house broken into while we were away. *The bank was broken into at night.2.content A. adj.满意，满足 *She seemed content. *You should be content with what you have. *The teacher was content with my answer. B. vt.使满足 *Simple praise is enough to content him. *You should content yourself with what you have. *You should be contented with what you have. C. n.内容；目录(pl.) *Show me the contents of your suitcase. *Is there a contents in this book?3.astonish vt.使惊讶 *The news astonished everyone.astonished adj.感到惊讶的astonishing adj.令人惊讶的 *Everyone was astonished at the news. *He gave me an astonished look. *The news was astonishing. *The car was running at an astonishing speed.4.unfortunatelyunfortunately常用来表示转折 *Unfortunately I have not enough money to travel abroad. *Id like to help him but unfortunately I cant.5.badly off=poor worse off=poorer *They cant afford to buy the house; they are badly off. well off=rich; better off=richer *They can afford to buy the big house; they are well off. *Most people are better off than they were decades ago.6.entertain vt. *He entertained me to dinner.(请客，款待) *He entertained us by singing songs.(使高兴) entertainment n.招待;娱乐活动7.throughout prep.在整个(时间或地点) *It rained heavily throughout the night. *She visited me throughout my illness. *She complained throughout the journey. *They searched throughout the house. *The Fourth of July is celebrated throughout the United States.8.worn out A.wear out 穿破，用旧 *Children wear out their shoes very quickly. *I have worn out my suit. *My shoes are worn out. B.wear out使疲惫不堪 *The game wore him out. *The long walk wore everyone out. *He was worn out with all this hard work. *You look worn out.9.a social failure failure n.失败(不可数); 失败的人或事(可数) *His plan ended in failure. *Martin was not deeply affected by his failure. *His plan was a failure. *He knew he was a failure.同样 success n. 成功(不可数); 成功的人或事(可数) *The meeting was a great success. *In fact she was a success as a manager.10.pick out挑选;认出 *Have you pick out the movie you want to see? *It took her a long time to pick out a new dress at the store. *Can you pick your brother out in the crowd?pick up *He picked up the button on the ground and gave it to me.(拾起) *Please pick me up at the hotel.(接人) *Ill pick you up on the corner at 3; dont be late.(接人) *Did you pick the washing up from the laundry?(取物) *He picked up French while he was in Paris.(非正规地学会)11.cut off 切断，切下 *Our water supply has been cut off again. *When he failed to pay his bill, the company cut off his electricity. cut down削减，压缩；砍倒 cut up 切碎12.convince vt.使相信，说服 *He convinced me that he was the right person for the job. *I was convinced that he was the right person for the job. *He convinced me of his honesty. *I was convinced of his honesty.13.direct vt.指引;指挥/指导;导演 *Can you direct me to the station? *Whos directing the work? *Who is directing the play/film? direct adj.直接的 direct speech直接引语 direct current (DC)直流电14.occasion n.场合；时刻，时机 *I met him on many occasions.occasion指时间，跟定语从句时关系副词用when, *There were occasions when I was late.15.mess *The room was a mess after the party. *What a mess!真乱! *Ill clear up all the mess in this room.16.drunk drunk是drink的过去分词，作表语时意为 “喝醉的” *Im afraid Im slightly drunk. *He got drunk on only two drinks. 作定语时也可用drunken a drunken driver drunken drivingUseful Expressionsbreak into 破门而入in between 在此之间as time goes by 随着时间的过去make a film 制作电影throughout the world 在全世界walking stick 拐杖overcome difficulties 克服困难in search of 寻找，搜寻leather shoes 皮鞋burst into laughter 放声大笑go camping 去露营a mountainous area 山区in the open air 在露天think of 想起，想到UNIT 41.greet vt.向打招呼; 迎接，欢呼 *She greeted me with a smile. *He greeted me by saying “Hello”. *She greeted her guests at the gate. greeting n.招呼；问候，祝贺(Pl.) *“ Hello!” and “Good morning!” are greetings. *He sent greetings on my birthday.2.How many ways can you think of to greet someone?*Whats the way you think of _ the problem?A. solving B. to solve C. solved *Every minute must be made use of_ your English. A. improving B. to improve3.represent *Tom will represent the school at the national conference. *His opinion represents that of the majority. *What does this sign represent?4.meet meet 除“见面，遇到”外，还有下列意思： *The two rivers meet here.(汇合) *Her eyes met mine.(相遇) *Ill meet you at the airport.(迎接) *The committee meet every Monday.(碰面) meet the need满足需要5.approach vi.vt.靠近，接近；n.方法，途径*As I approached (the house), he gave me a nod of greeting. *As winter approached, the weather became colder. *Christmas is approaching. *There is no easy approach to the difficulty. *There are many approaches to teaching English. *He came up with a new _ to the problem.A. way B. method C. means D. approach6.appear surprised appear除“出现”外，还有 “似乎,显得”之意，用法同seem。 *He appeared to have been abroad. *He appeared to be talking to himself. *You appeared quite well. *It appeared that he didnt like it.7.major adj.主要的,较大的； n.专业；vi. major in 主修 *He spent the major part of a year abroad. *This is one of the major problems now. *History is his major. *He majors in English.8.reach his hand out reach此处意为“伸出”， *He reached his hand out for the book I gave him. *I cant reach the top of the shelf. *The food was too high for him to reach.9.nor are they *He doesnt like chocolate; nor/neither do I. *I havent been abroad. Nor/neither has he.10.likely adj.可能的A. be likely to do(此时不能用possible) *An accident is likely to happen when you drive carelessly. *He is likely to come tonight. *She is likely to phone me today. B. It is likely that(可用possible) *It is likely that he will come tonight. *I think it likely that he will succeed.相似词辨析 like vt.喜欢；prep.像 alike adj.相同的,相像的 likely adj.可能的11.In general, though, studying in general 一般说来，总的说来 *Children in general are fond of candy. *In general, I prefer comedy to tragedy. *The weather in the south is warm in general. though作“虽然”解时是连词，位于从句前；作“然而”解时是副词，位于句子末尾。 *Though he was tired, he didnt stop. *He didnt stop though he was tired.*You can count on him, though.*She is no ordinary chimpanzee, though.12.function vi.起作用;运转，活动 n.功能 *My car is not functioning well /properly. *The library has a valuable social function.13.at (ones)ease安详，自在，随便 *He was not at ease. *His smile put us at ease.Useful expressionsact out 表演student association 学生会the Capital International Airport首都国际机场Beijing University 北京大学waiting area 等候区put up ones hands 举手on the contrary 相反(in) the same way 以同样的方式When in Rome, do as the Romans do.入乡随俗facial expression 面部表情in most cases 在大部分情况下UNIT 51.theme parks 主题公园 theme song 主题歌 theme music 主题音乐2.more than 不仅仅 *China Daily is more than a newspaper. *Winter sleep is more than sleep. Its a deep sleep.3.various adj.各种各样的,许多 *They talked about various things. *I have various letters to write.4.whatever/whoe(m)ver/whichever/wherever的两种用法 A.whatever所的任何事/东西 =anything that *Whatever he did was right