英语四级、高考写作作文短语、词汇和技巧.doc

高分作文标志:1：是否长短句交叉；2、是否会使用插入语；3、用词是否多样，准确，形象，尽量使用能够吸引阅卷老师眼球的闪光词； 4、关键词是否换用，切勿老用重复词；5、句型使用是否准确、地道。 下面给出写好一篇作文的注意事项： 1. 适当用被动替换主动，这样能更客观的反映事实, 句子开头不要总是用we / I (比如写结尾时不用we should pay attention to而用Attention should be paid to. ) 举个经典结尾2004年六月六级作文的最后一段：It is ,therefore, high time that some applicable approaches were implemented by the service industry like that. By doing so，its competitive edge will be sharpened effectively. 2. 善于使用插入语，比如说把副词、连接词等，作插入语放在中间，一般放在主语、动词或者助动词后，两边分别加上逗号。 如however / therefore /for example/I believe 做插入语放在中间，一般放在动词，助动词后，两边分别加上逗号。 比如说： Other individuals, however, take the attitude that 3. 一定要学会换词，换形象，具体的替换太宽泛的。(考试中一般不要出现good, bad , many, thing, think, people, opinion 等)比如上面例子中，applicable替换proper, approaches替换ways, implement替换carry out, sharpen ones competitive edge替换enhance ones competitiveness(提高某物竞争力) 表示时间顺序： at present， recently， afterwards， after that， after a while， in a few days，at first， in the beginning， to begin with， immediately， suddenly， all of a sudden， at that moment， the moment， from then on，at the same time， meanwhile，till， notuntil， as during， at this time; next；previously; simultaneously同时地; eventually； to begin with；to start with；to end with；finally；seeing.由于，因为；since then；first of all；afterwards后来; following this; preceding先前的 ;originally最初的ultimate最终的，极限的，根本的：at once; immediately; at length终于，最后; in the mean time同时; in the end; not long after; finally; some time ago; at present; all of a sudden突然; from this time on; from time to time; since then; whenever; next point; a few minutes later; formerly; as; once; since; occasionally偶然地; in a moment; shortly立刻; whereupon于是，因此; previously;the moment, in the end, before long, afterwards，earlier， in a few (more) days，gradually，等。表示罗列增加： at the outset(在开始时)，following this; at this time; now; at this point; afterward后来; subsequently后来; consequently所以，因此; before this; previously; preceding this; simultaneously同时地; concurrently(同时发生的) On （the） one handon the other hand，Besides / whats more / in addition / furthermore / moreover / another / also，Especially / In particular，also，and，and then，too，in addition，furthermore，moreover again，on top of that/this，another，（或者firstly, secondly, thirdly or last but not the least） 表示解释说明： in addition， for example， for instance， in this case， moreover furthermore， for example/instance，in this/that case， that is, that is to say, in other words, such as, for instance, and so on, etc. and the like等表示转折关系：but， however， while， though， or， otherwise， on the contrary， on the other hand， in contrast， despite， even though， except （for）， instead， of course， after all， even so； even though；independent of；reckless of不顾 ；despite that； in spite of that； regardless of不顾; yet.；and yet； but unless. Nonetheless尽管如此 ：yet, and yet, but , while, on the contrary, on the other hand, however, at the same time（然而）等。by the way 顺便说 I am afraid 我恐怕 in my opinion 依我看来 to tell the truth 说实话 to be honest 诚实地说 in face 事实上表示并列关系： or， and， also， too， not only but also， as well as， both and， either or， neither nor; and; also；too；as well as；either.，or.；both.and. 表示因果关系： because， because of， since， now that， as， thanks to， due to， therefore， as a result （of）， otherwise， sothat， suchthat ,being that（口语）既然，因为；another important factorreason of. ； since； for； in that.； owing to由于，通常负面； due to由于； for the reason that.；in view of鉴于，考虑到 result from归因于the reason seems to be obvious; there are about. ；for this reason; as a result of this；.and so.； consequently所以，因此； thus这样，如此，因而； hence因此； in consequence结果，结果； as a consequence； accordingly因此，于是，相应地; inevitably不可避免地; under these conditions thereupon因此于是upon迫近accordingly; thus; hence; thereupon; inevitably; under these conditions; not only.but (also.); so. as to. since， otherwise，accordingly, at all events, as it turned out, in any event, in consequence/as a consequence, it would be just as well, just as well, that is/was that, but for, consequently, in that event, somehow,due to ,owing to, thanks to、 Evidently ，first of all，undoubtedly， 表示条件关系：as （so） long as， on condition that， if， unless if；unless; lest；provided that；if it is the case；in this sense；once.；if possible；if necessary；if so；if not all; if anything.表示让步关系：though， although， as， even if， even though， whether or， however， whoever，whatever， whichever， wherever， whenever， no matter how （who， what， which， where， when， whom）表示举例： for example， for instance， take for example in this case既然假若这样; namely也就是 instance例子实例换句话说； as you know； you may assay； as he explains； like； a case in point is一个恰当的例子是.; consider.； in particular尤其特别；including.；for one thing.首先，for another.；put it simply；stated roughly粗糙地，概略地； as an illustration， I will say.； a good example (of.)would be.；to detail this，I would like to.； It is interesting to note that.；in this situation; as proof; take the case of; take as example (something)； as for; as regards； as to； Take . for an example, it is a very obvious caseThere is one impressive example I want to mention here.Perhaps the most important example of .is that.To illustrate this, there is an example that is very persuasive.An instance that accompanies this reason is that.An example can give the details of this argument, .History presented many examples of.according to; on this occasion.表示比较：be similar to， similarly， the same as， in contrast， compared with （to）just like， just as， in like manner, in comparison with； when in fact.; like.； likewise同样地，也； similarly important； apart from (doing).； . rather than.，by doing so ；bothand.; in the same way; not only.but (also). like, similarly, likewise, in the same way, equally.表示目的： for this reason， for this purpose， so that， in order to， so as to， with this object无证; for this purpose; in order that; in this way, since; on that account由于。缘故; in case万一; with a view to考虑到; for the same reason. for the purpose of, for all practical purposes，等。表递进关系的连接词：not onlybut (also), what，s more, whats worse, besides, in addition, worse still, moreover, above all等。What is more, in addition, and, besides, also, furthermore, too, moreover, furthermore, as well as, additionally, again.表示强调的过渡词：in fact，indeed，surely，necessarily，certainly，truly，to repeat，above all ; especially；particularly特别，尤其；moreover(此外)；naturally; what is more important；in reality事实上； certainly; of course; indeed; in particular；not to mention.；believe it or not；undeniably(无可置疑); other thing being equal；it is certainsure that.；to be strict; to be true；by definition; definitely明确地，肯定地; undoubtedly; without a doubt; in truth, in any event(不论怎样); without reservation(毫无保留地); obviously, not only. but(also.), both. and. no doubt， without any doubt， truly，obviously， above all， besides 况且 whats more 更重要地是 thus 这样 above all 首先 indeed 的确 in fact/ as a matter of fact 事实上 in other words 换句话说 in that case 那样的话 or rather 更确切地说表示递进关系：furthermore此外，而且；moreover而且，此外；further进一步地，此外；In this way ；still；not only.but also.； not.but.； in addition (to)；additionally, much more interesting, more specifically更具体地说, next, besides； as far as. is concerned至于; moreover此外；in other words；along this line of consideration；on (the) one hand.在一方面，on the other hand.； even； as a saying goes.；in order to do it.; meanwhile同时； at the same time； accordingly因此； In the first place.，in the second place.;equally important; of even greater appeal. apparently, oddly enough, of course, after all, significantly, interestingly, also, above all, surely, certainly, undoubtedly, in any case, anyway, above all, especially. Obviously, , clearly.表示对照(不同点)：while；but on the other hand by contrast, on the contrary, while, whereas, on the other hand, unlike, instead, but, conversely, different from, however, nevertheless, otherwise, whereas, unlike, yet, in contrast. like, similarly, likewise, in the same way, in the same manner, equally. by contrast, on the contrary, while, whereas, on the other hand, unlike, instead, but, conversely, different from, nevertheless, otherwise, whereas, unlike, yet, in contrast.yet; still; for all of that; notwithstanding虽然，尽管; rather当然，的确，宁愿，相当; neither . nor; although; though; but; however; something is just the other way around；yet; conversely相反的；opposed to; as opposed to this与不同 ； in contrast (to)； by way of；on the contrary；different from this； nevertheless然而，不过，虽然如此; contrary to； whereas但是，鉴于； 表示地点关系：beyond; opposite to; adjacent邻近 to; at the same place; there; over; in the middle; around; in front of; in the distance; farther; here and there; above; below; at the right; between; on this side.表示重申关系：in other words; that is to say; as I have said; again; once again表示概括归纳：in a word， in short， in brief， on the whole， generally speaking， in my opinion， as far as I know， As we all know， as has been stated， as I have shown， finally， at last， in summary， in conclusionin a word / in sum ; in conclusion / in summary;therefore因此，所以 / hence因此，今后;to sum up / to conclude ; the conclusion can be drawn that; for this reason / finally，at last，in conclusion，as I have shown，in other words，in general， as has been stated，all in all, or words to that effect, (to put) in a nutshell, briefly, summing up, summarizing, so、in conclusion, to sum up, to conclude, to summarize, 表观点: Personally; In my opinion; As far as I am concerned; As far as I know; What I want to stress is that(我想强调的是); hold the opinion that 某人持有的主张; According to sb, 依照某人的观点看,; 其他类型连接词: Mostly, occasionally, currently, naturally, mainly, exactly, evidently, frankly, commonly, for this purpose, to a large extent, for most of us, in many cases, in this case,综合运用篇1.Along with the advance of the society more and more problems are brought to our attention, one of which is that.随着社会的不断发展，出现了越来越多的问题，其中之一便是_。2.As to whether it is a blessing or a curse, however, people take different attitudes.然而，对于此类问题，人们持不同的看法。（Hold different attitudes 持不同的看；Come up with different attitudes 有不同的看法）3.As society develop是（with the booming of the economy ）, people are attaching much importance to.随着社会的发展（随着经济的繁荣），人们开始关注.4.People are attaching more and more importance to the interview during job hunting求职的过程中，人们慢慢意识到面试的重要性。5.As to whether it is worthwhile ., there is a long-running controversial debate. It is quite naturalthat people from different backgrounds may have divergent attitudes towards it.关于是否值得_的问题，一直以来争论不休。当然，不同的人对此可能持不同的观点。6.In the process of modern urban development, we often find ourselves in a dilemma.在都市的发展中，我们往往会陷入困境。7.Recently the phenomenon has aroused wide concern, some people are in alarm that.最近，这种现象引起了人们的广泛关注，有人开始担心_。8.The human race has entered a completely new stage in its history, with the increasingly rapid economic globalization and urbanization, more problems are brought to our attention.人类进入了一个历史的崭新的阶段，经济全球化、都市化的速度不断加快，随之给我们带来了很多问题。9. plays such an important role that it undeniably becomes the biggest concern of the present world, there comes a question, is it a blessing or a curse?_显得非常重要而成为当今世界所关注的最大的问题，这是无可厚非的。不过，问题是：我们该如何抉择？10.Now we are entering a new era, full of opportunities and challenges,现在我们正在进入一个充满机会和挑战的新时代。11. with the remarkable improvement of peoples living standard 随着人民生活水平的显著提高 在人类生活的方方面面 in all aspects of human life 先进的科学技术 advanced science and technology展现问题篇问题的常用词：question, problem, issue13.Recently the issue of whether or not . has been in the limelight and has aroused wide concern in the public.近来，是否_的问题已经非常明确而且引起了社会的广泛关注。14.The issue whether it is good or not to . has aroused a heated discussion all over the country._的利与弊已在全国范围内引起热烈的讨论。15.At present, some people think .while others claim .Both sides have their merits.目前，一些人认为_而另一些人则认为_。其实，两种观点都其可取之处。16.People rarely reach an absolute consensus on such a controversial issue.对于这种极具争议的话题，我们很难作出绝对的回答。17.The controversial issue is often brought into public focus. People from different backgrounds hold different attitudes towards the issue.这中极具争议性的话题往往很受社会的关注。不同的人对此问题的看法也不尽相同。18.When asked ., some people think. while some prefer.说到_，有人认为_，而另一些人则认为_。19.Just as the saying goes: so many people, so many minds. It is quite understandable that views on this issue vary from person to person.俗话说，。不同的人对此有不同的看法是可以理解的。20.To this issue, different people come up with various attitudes.对于这个问题，不同的人持不同的观点。21.There is a good side and a bad side to everything, it goes without saying that.万事万物都有其两面性，所以，勿庸置疑，_。22.When it comes to ., most people believe that ., but other people regard .as .提到_问题，很多人认为_，不过，一些人则认为_是_.23. 人们普遍认为 It is commonly believed that _。24.There is a public controversy nowadays over the issue of . There who criticize .argue that ., they believe that .,but people who favor ., on the other hand, argue that.目前，_问题争议较大。批判_的人认为_，他们认为_，不过，另一方面，赞同_的人则认为_。25.Some people are of the opinion that.有些人认为_。26.Many people claim that.很多人认为_。 A majority of 绝大多数 27.Some people contend that . has proved to bring many advantages (disadvantages)有些人认为_有很多有利之处（不利之处）。29.Some people advocate that . 有些人在坚持认为_。32.Those who have already benefited from practicing it sing high praise of it.那些从中受益的人对此大家褒奖。33.Those who strongly approve of . have cogent reasons for it.强烈认同_的人有很多原因。35.People who support . give some or all of the following reasons.那些支持_观点的人列出了如下原因：_。36.But others hold the view that .但是，另外一些人则认为_。观点的用词：Attitude, opinion, 与其搭配的动词以及词组：Take, have, come up with，set forth, put forward等。37.But on the other hand, there are also quite a few people who strongly advocate that.,.不过，另一方面，也有少部分人坚持认为_。39.However, there are a large number of people who hold a different view concerning this case.然而，很多人对此有不同的看法。有争议性的问题 a controversial issue 问题用词：Issue, phenomenon，后接介词, on, over等。40.However, some others argue that. 然而，另一些人则认为_。42.But other people set forth completely totally different argument concerning this case.不过，对于此，另一些人则持完全不同的观点。43.Some people examine this issue from another angle.有的人用另一角度来看这一问题。45.According to my personality and fondness 根据我的个性以及兴趣46. side with the latter (former) opinion.支持后者（前者）_。Be in favor of the former point of view. 我较同意前一种看法。47.我同意前者(后者)观点 I give my vote to the former / latter opinion. 48.To my point of view 我认为To my mind, the advantages far overweigh the drawbacks（disadvantages, shortcomings）我认为，优点胜过缺点。49.For my part, I stand on side of the latter opinion that.就我而言，我较赞同后一种观点_。50.As far as I am concerned, I am inclined to be on the side of the latter view.在我看来，我较同意后一种观点。51.After a thorough consideration, for my part, I am in favor of the latter view that. 经过深思熟虑，我较支持后一种看法，亦即 _。53.Taking into consideration both sides of the issue, I tend to favor the latter view.比较两种观点进行比较，我较同意后一种观点，亦即_。54.When considering opinions of both sides, I am inclined to .对两种观点进行综合考虑之后，我较认同_。55.If it is up to me to make a choice between . and . I would rather choose . over.如果要我在_和_之间进行选择，我宁愿选择_而不会选择_。56.I would have to say that, if I were faced with the decision, I would follow .我需要说的是，如果要我抉择，我会_。57.At the risk of sounding too direct , I prefer to.虽然可能过于直接，不过，我还是选择_。表达不确定的用词：May, seem, be likely to, possible, probably, perhaps, be said that, be said to.58.in my mind , the following factors/reasons/causes need to be taken into consideration.我认为，我们需要考虑下列因素/原因：59.There are several reasons for this phenomenon/why.-(as follows).造成这种现象的原因如下：60.And I would like to present two explanations for this:对于此，我有如下两点愚见：61.The reasons are chiefly as follows. 主要原因如下：62.There are numerous reasons why _, and I would like to explore a few of the most important ones here.为什么_，原因很多，在此列举几个较为重要的原因。63.The reasons are presented below. 原因如下。64.There are three premier(主要的)/best/ most important, largest, significant, obvious, crucial causes as follows.以下这些是造成这一问题的最主要/最好/最重要/最大/最有意义/明显/至关重要的原因。65.This is based on the propensity(倾向，原因) of following points.这基于以下的原因。67.One very important argument for . is that._的非常重要的原因便是_。68.The reasons are quite clear. Above all, .原因非常清楚。首先（首要的是）_。70.The first and most important reason is that.第一个而且最重要的原因是_。74.At the risk of sounding too simplistic, it seems to me that the main propositions can be summarized in one saying.这个原因可能较简单，不过，我认为可以用一句谚语来概括，_。75.We may look into every possible reason, however, foremost reason for . Is . 其实有很多原因，不过，造成_的最重要的原因是 _。76.It might also be noted that. 需要注意的是，_。77.Another reason why .(凑字数，但不可滥用) is that.(有利于写长句)78.What is also worth noticing is that. 值得一提的是_。79.There is another factor that deserves some words here.还有另外一个很重要的原因。80.A more essential factor why. Is that _ 的更为重要的原因是_。81.A further reason why, is that. _的更深层次的原因是_。82.Moving on to wider themes,_ 展开来说，_。83.The second thing that must be taken into consideration is that.第二个原因也很重要（值得考虑），亦即_。84.Likewise(同样), common sense tells us that.同样，_，这是众所周知的。86.The third, not the last is that, 第三个原因是_。87.The last factor to be taken seriously is. 第三个重要原因是_。89.As the proverb goes: every coin has its two sides, .is no exception.俗语有云：万事万物都有两面性。