倒装句型(一).doc

倒装句型讲义一学员编号： 年 级： 课 时 数： 学员姓名：YYY 辅导科目：英语 学科教师： XX授课类型完全倒装与部分倒装（上）星 级教学目标1、 能够了解完全倒装与部分倒装两种不同的倒装形式，掌握各自的判断依据； 2、 能够使学生把倒转句这种句式在作文中慢慢使用进去。专题-倒装句(一)（建议2-5分钟）批注：你知道这个通病是什么吗？其实就是倒桩不过关。驾照考试难点是倒桩，那英语学习中是否也是如此的，让我们通过今天的课一探究竟。（建议20-25分钟）一、倒装句分类 主语和谓语是句子的核心，它们之间有两种语序：一是主语在谓语之前称为自然语序（Natural Order）；二是主语在谓语之后则称为倒装语序（Inverted Order）。而倒装语序中又有完全倒装（Full Inversion）和部分倒装（Partial Inversion）.二、完全倒装1. 完全倒装完全倒装（Full Inversion）:又称全部倒装,是指将句子中的谓语全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用于一般现在时和一般过去时。比如: 1. 表示时间和方位的副词here, there, away, down, in, off, out, up, now, then等位于句首时，其后用完全倒装语序。Heres Tom. 汤姆在这里。Here comes the bus. 公共汽车来了。There goes the bell. 铃响了。Away went the runners. 赛跑选手们跑远了。The door opened and in came Mr. Smith. 门开了，史密斯先生进了来。Now comes your turn. 现在轮到你了。批注：主语是名词而不是代词时，句子采用完全倒装的形式。可以把下面的注意仔细看一下，让学生对这种情况有直观印象。【注意】(1) 若主语为代词，则不倒装：Here I am. 我在这儿。/我来了。Here it comes. 它来了。Away he went. 他跑远了。Down it came. 它掉了下来。(2) 在there be (stand, lie, live, fly, exist)句型中(表示存在)：There stood a desk against the wall. 靠墙放着一张书桌。There are some books on the table. 桌上有几本书。Once upon a time there lived a man known whose name was Beef. 从前有个人名叫比夫。2. 表示地点的状语或充当表语的介词短语位于句首时的倒装为了保持句子平衡或使上下文衔接紧密，有时可将状语或表语置于句首，句中主语和谓语完全倒装:Among these people was his friend Jim. 他的朋友吉姆就在这些人当中。By the window sat a young man with a magazine in his hand. 窗户边坐着一个年轻人，手里拿着一本杂志。批注：主语是名词而不是代词时，句子采用完全倒装的形式。【注意】在表语置于句首的这类倒装结构中，要注意其中的谓语应与其后的主语保持一致，而不是与位于句首的表语保持一致。比较：In the box was a cat. 箱子里是一只猫。In the box were some cats. 箱子里是一些猫。3. 分词置于句首的时候倒装有时为了强调，可将谓语部分的现在分词、过去分词置于句首，从而构成倒装：Buried in the sands was an ancient village. 一个古老的村庄被埋在这沙土之中。Standing beside the table was his wife. 站在桌旁的是他的妻子。批注：主语是名词而不是代词时，句子采用完全倒装的形式。活学活用1. Look! In front of the building_.A. does a big tree stand B. stands a big treeC. a big tree stands D. a big tree does stand分析：地点状语提前引起的全部倒装，谓语动词stands放在主语前。2. Here_ you want to see.A. the professor comes B. comes the professorC. come a professor D. is coming a professor分析：方位副词here提前引起的全部倒装，其次要掌握Here come/comes sb相当于sb am/is/are coming。三、部分倒装（上）部分倒装（Partial Inversion）：指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态动词倒装至主语之前,而谓语动词无变化。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do, does或did，并将其置于主语之前。比如：1. 含否定意义的词(如 never, hardly, seldom, little, few, not until, not, not only, no sooner, no longer, nowhere, by no means 等)置于句首时，其后用部分倒装。如：Never have I seen read such a book. 我从未读过那样的书。Not until twelve oclock did she go to bed last night. 她昨晚十二点才上床睡觉。Seldom does he go out for dinner. 他很少出去吃饭。Hardly does she have time to listen to music. 她几乎没时间听音乐。Little does he realize how important this meeting is. 他不甚明白这个会议的重要性。No sooner had we reached the airport than the plane took off. 我们刚到机场,飞机就起飞了。批注：首先要让学生明白就算主语是代词，还是用部分倒装。其次，可以根据学生情况，可根据最后一个例句适当补充No soonerthan, hardlywhen中主句从句时态的用法。2. 含有 no 的短语置于句首时也要倒装。in no way, by no means, in no case, at no time, under/in no circumstances, on no condition,等。如：By no means should you tell him about it. 你绝不要告诉他这事。On no accounts must this switch be touched. 这个开关是绝不能触摸的。In (Under) no circumstances will I lend money to him. 无论如何我也不会再借钱给他。批注：对刚升入初三的学生来说，这些含no的短语要一个个进行梳理，其次要引导学生在作文中开始灵活使用。【注意】in no time(立即，马上)位于句首时，其后无需用倒装语序：In no time he worked out the problem. 他马上就算出了那道题。3. only 加状语(副词 / 介词短语 / 从句)放在句首时，其后用部分倒装。如：Only in this way can you do it well. 只有这样你才能做好。Only when he returned home did he realize what had happened. 当他回到家里时，才知道出了什么事。Only then did he realize that he was wrong. 到那时他才意识到他错了。4. so / neither / nor 表示前面所说的情况也适合于后者时，用“so / neither / nor+助动词+主语”这样的倒装句式。so用于肯定句中, neither/nor用于否定句.如：He can sing English songs, and so can I. 他会唱英语歌，我也会。He didnt see the film, and neither did I. 他没有看这部电影，我也没有看。You are young, and so am I. 你年轻，我也年轻。She likes music, and so do I. 她喜欢音乐，我也喜欢。You arent young, and neither am I. 你不年轻，我也不年轻。She hasnt read it, and nor have I. 她没有读它，我也没有读。批注：这个知识点在初中阶段就讲解过了，所以不需要进行很详细的讲解，只要帮助学生不断回顾即可。【注意】该结构与表示强调或同意的“so+主语+特殊动词”结构的区别：“It was cold yesterday.” “So it was.” “Father, you promised.” “Well, so I did.”（建议5-10分钟）1. Alice never does any reading in the evening, _. A. so does John B. John does too C. John doesnt too D. nor does John2. Never in my wildest dreams _these people are living in such poor conditions. A. I could imagine B. could I imagine C. I couldnt imagine D. couldnt I imagine3. Little _that we were watching his every move .so he seemed to be going his own way in this business. A. he realized B. he didnt realize C. didnt he realize D. did he realize 4. Seldom_ any mistakes during my past few years of working here. A. would I make B. did I make C. I did make D. shall I make5. I failed in the final examination last term and only then _the importance of studies. A. I realized B. I had realized C. had I realized D. did I realize6. -I will never come to this restaurant again .The food is terrible! -_. A. Nor am I B. Neither will I C. Same with me D. So do I 7. Down the river _. A. flowed a small boat B. a small boat flowed C. did a small boat flow D. a small boat did flow 8. _a beautiful palace _the foot of the hill. A. There stand, at B. There stands, under C. Stands there, under D. There stands, at9. Autumn coming, down_.A. do the leaves fall B. the leaves will fall C. fall the leaves D. the leaves have falle