动词不定式的用法.doc

动词不定式的用法 简介 语法功能 主要句型 动词不定式简介动词不定式的基本形式是to+动词原形，有时可以带to。动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，在句中不能作谓语。动词不定式仍保留动词的特点，即它可以有自己的宾语和状语。动词不定式和它的宾语和状语构成不定式短语。 带宾语：I want to read the book.I 是主语，want 是谓语，to read 是动词不定式作宾语，the book 是动词不定式to read 的宾语。带状语： 返回 He wants to speak at the meeting. He 是主语， wants 是谓语， to speak 是动词不定式作宾语， at the meeting 是动词不定式to speak 的状语。 动词不定式的语法功能1. 动词不定式作名词2. 动词不定式作副词（作状语）3. 动词不定式作形容词（作定语）动词不定式作名词动词不定式在句中的作用有时和名词相同，在句中可作主语、表语、宾语和宾语补足语。作主语：To dance is a lot of fun. = It is a lot of fun to dance.To speak English is not easy for me. = It is not easy for me to speak English.作表语：动词不定式像名词一样，可以放在be动词后面，形成表语。My dream is to travel all over the world.His work is to clean the room every day. 返回 作宾语：动词不定式用在及物动词后，担当宾语。常见及物动词：want，hope，wish,like，begin，start，try，need，forget，agree，know，learn，promise，refuse，help等。They began to read and write.She likes to play the piano.作宾语补足语：She asked me to speak more loudly.Lucy told him not to cry.动词不定式作副词（作状语）动词不定式有时起副词作用，修饰动词和形容词，在句中担任状语，表示目的和原因。表目的：动词不定式在不及物动词后作状语表示目的的情况很多。 返回 He came to give us a talk yesterday.To master English we must work hard at it. = In order to master English we must work hard at it.当回答why引导的疑问句表示目的时，可以用动词不定式作简单回答。Why did you go to the library?To study English. = I went to the library to study English.表原因：动词不定式可以在glad，happy之类表达感情的形容词后修饰该形容词，表示“因为.而.”的意思。Im glad to be here.Im sorry to trouble you.有时起副词作用的动词不定式也可以用来修饰表示感情以外的其他形容词，表示“供.之用”的意思。This water is good to drink.Do you think him easy to work with? 返回 注意：动词不定式作宾语和状语的区别：I want to swim.我想去游泳。I went there to swim.我去那儿游泳。如果动词不定式跟在及物动词后，就充当宾语。如果动词不定式跟在不及物动词后，就充当状语，表目的。动词不定式作形容词（作定语）动词不定式有时起形容词作用修饰名词或代词，在句中担任定语。动词不定式作定语时，它的位置在它所修饰的名词或代词之后。Have you got anything to say?I have some books to give you.如果动词不定式是不及物动词，或者动词不定式所修饰的名词或代词是动词不定式动作的地点、工具等，动词不定式后面就应有必要的介词。 返回 They have a lot of things to talk about.There is nothing to worry about.动词不定式修饰something，anything，nothing时，放置在它们的后面。如果something，anything，nothing有形容词修饰，那么词序应为something（nothing，anything）+形容词+动词不定式。There is nothing to eat.I need something nice to wear today. 动词不定式的主要句型动词不定式的否定式：I asked Nancy to help me.I asked him not to open the window.疑问词+动词不定式的结构： 返回 动词不定式可以和疑问代词who，what，which及疑问副词when，how，where连用，构成动词不定式短语，在句中担当主语、宾语、表语等成分。作主语：What to do is a big problem.作宾语：I know how to use the computer.作宾语补足语：He told me where to find it.作表语：The question is how to get there.动词不定式中省略to的情况：当两个或两个以上的动词不定式并列在一起时，第一个动词不定式带to，后面的往往省略to；但是，如果是在对照的情况下，就不可以省略to。He told me to finish my homework and (to) hand it in.It is better to laugh than to cry. 返回 在感官动词see,watch,look at,hear,listen to,feel和使役动词make,have,let等所接的宾语中（动词不定式作宾语补足语），动词不定式应省略to。但是在被动语态中，则不能省略to。The boss made them work the whole night.被动：They were made to work the whole night.help 后的动词不定式可带to，也可不带to。I often help him (to) clean the room.动词不定式中原形动词的省略：为了避免重复，口语中可以省略与前面动词重复的动词原形，而只留to。-Would you like to go with me?-Id like to.If you dont want to read it, you dont need to.want,wish,promise,hope+动词不定式 返回 1.want(wish) to do sth.（主语想去做某事） & want(wish) sb. to do sth.（宾语sb.去做某事）He wants to start at once.He wants me to start at mise to do sth. & promise sb. to do sth.（两句意思基本一致）He promised to attend the meeting.他答应去开会。He promised us to attend the meeting.他答应我们，他去参加会议。3.hope to do sth.I hope to do it myself.too.to/enough.to句型 返回 too+形容词或副词+for sb.to do.（太.以致不能.）They are too shy to speak English.It is too dark for him too see anything in the room.形容词+enough to do sth. （十分/足够.）He is rich enough to buy a car.She was kind enough to help me.It is/was +形容词+of/for sb. to.for sb. 句型一般使用表示客观情况的形容词，如：easy，difficult，hard，important，necessary，unnecessary，possible，impossible，interesting等。It was hard fo