专升本虚拟语气 (NX) 高考.ppt

虚拟语气 SubjunctiveMood 语气是动词的一种形式 它表示说话者对所指的动词或状态所持的态度 而且在谓语动词上有所体现 语气分三种 陈述语气 祈使语气 虚拟语气 1 陈述语气多见于大多数句子里 用来陈述事实或就事实提出询问 广泛用于陈述句和疑问句中 Hecouldswim buthedidn tjumpintothewatertosavetheboy 2 祈使语气仅用于祈使句中 表示说话人向对方提出请求 劝告或命令 Shutthewindowbeforeleaving 3 虚拟语气表示说的话不是事实 或者是不可能发生的情况 而是一种愿望 建议或与事实相反的假设等 IfIwereabird Ishouldflyinthesky 一 虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的使用二 虚拟语气在宾语从句中的使用三 虚拟语气在主语从句中的使用四 虚拟语气在表语从句与同位语从句中的使用五 虚拟语气在方式状语从句中的使用六 虚拟语气在目的状语从句中的使用七 虚拟语气在让步状语从句中的使用八 虚拟语气表祝愿或愿望 一 虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的使用 如果假设的情况与事实相反 或是根本不可能发生或是发生的可能性很小 这就是非真实条件句 即虚拟条件句 1 与现在的事实相反的假设的动词形式从句 过去式 be只用were 主句 would should could might 动词原形Ifitwerenotraining weshouldgoforapicnic Ifhecamehere hemightbeabletohelpyou 1 Iftherewerenosubjunctivemood English mucheasier A willbeB wouldhavebeenC couldhavebeenD wouldbe答案 D 2 与过去的事实相反的假设的动词形式从句 had p p 主句 would should could might have p p Sheshouldhavegonetothepartyifshehadbeeninvited Ifshehadn tcalledme Ishouldhaveoversleptthismorning 2 Ifhe he thatfood Luckily hewassenttothehospitalimmediately A waswarned wouldnottakeB hadbeenwarned wouldnothavetakenC wouldbewarned hadnottakenD wouldhavewarned hadnottaken答案 B 3 与将来的事实相反的假设的动词形式从句 过去式或should wereto 动词原形主句 would should could might 动词原形IfIweretobe20yearsoldnextyear Ishouldtakethecourseofcomputerscience Ifitshouldfail Iwouldtryagain Whatwouldhappeniftheearthstoppedturning 3 Ifhe tomorrow hewouldfindMr Wangintheoffice A comesB willcomeC shouldcomeD come答案 C 注 1 在if引导的非真实条件句中 if可以省略 但是需要倒装 从句位于主句前 Ifhehadbeenwarned hewouldnothavetakenthatfood Hadhebeenwarned hewouldnothavetakenthatfood Whatwouldhappeniftheearthstoppedturning Whatwouldhappeniftheearthwereto shouldstopturning Weretheearthtostopturning whatwouldhappen Shouldtheearthtostopturning whatwouldhappen 4 hewouldhavesucceededintheexamination A HadheworkedhardB IfheworkedhardC IfheworkshardD Ifhehasworkedhard答案 A 2 有时为了表达的需要 在虚拟语气中并不总是出现if引导的条件句 而通过其他手段代替条件句如 介词without butfor等或连词otherwise等表示含蓄条件 需用虚拟语气 or butthat 从句provided supposing wereitnotfor n Withoutair wewouldnotliveevenforfiveminutes Iftherewerenoair wewouldnotliveevenforfiveminutes Iwasillthatday Otherwise Iwouldhavetakenpartinthesportsmeet 副词 Hetelephonedtoinformmeofyourbirthday orIwouldhaveknownnothingaboutit 连词 Amanwhostoppeddrinkingwaterwouldbedeadinaboutsevendays 定语从句 Everythingtakenintoconsideration theywouldhaveraisedtheiroutputquickly 独立主格结构 Butforthestorm weshouldhavearrivedearlier Ifithadnotbeenforthestorm weshouldhavearrivedearlier Jackcan thavearrivedyet otherwisehewouldhavetelephoneme Jackcan thavearrivedyet ifhehadarrived hewouldhavetelephoneme 含蓄条件句是指句中没有明显的虚拟条件句 而是利用其他手段来暗示存在虚拟条件 但是这类隐含式虚拟条件句往往都可以转化为if引导的条件句 常来表示含蓄虚拟条件的手段有 1 介词或介词短语 如butfor butthat without incaseof undermorefavorablecondition等 theleadershipoftheparty wecouldnotbelivingahappytoday Iftherehadn tbeentheleadershipoftheparty wecouldnotbelivingahappytoday A InspiteofB ButforC BecauseofD Asfor答案选B Butthatshewasafraid shewouldhavesaidno 2 连词 如 sothat unless incase supposing lest provided 倘若 forfearthat 唯恐 inorderthat onconditionthat ifonly 要是 就好了 等 Shelistenedcarefullyinorderthatshemightdiscoverexactlywhathewanted ifshelistenedcarefully shemightdiscoverexactlywhathewanted IfonlyIhadmoremoney Icouldbuyacar 注 lest forfearthat和incase引起的从句中谓语动词多用should 动词原形 但可以不用虚拟语气 而用动词的陈述语气形式 例如 Theforeignteacherspokeslowlyincasewemisunderstoodhim 这位外籍教师说得很慢以免我们听不懂 Caremustbetakeninusingthismethodlestoverflowshouldoccur 在使用此法时要小心谨慎 以免会发生溢流现象 3 通过上下文及内在含义 句中往往有but otherwise unfortunately等类似转折词 Ithoughtthechildrenwhenwereturnedhome buttheywerestillawake A weresleepingB wouldbesleepingC hadbeensleepingD wouldsleep选择B 4 形容词及其比较级Amorecarefulpersonwouldnothavemadesomanymistakes Alessconscientiousmanwouldn thavetriedsohardtogetthisjobdone 5 分词短语Havingknownintime wemighthavepreventedtheaccident Borntendaysearlier theboycouldhaveseenhislatefather 6 动词不定式短语 一般intended meant hoped wished planned或was were 不定式完成式或hadintended meant planned hoped wished 不定式一般式表示虚拟 IintendedIshouldcallonyou butIwasbusyatthattime TohearhimspeakFrench youwouldtakehimforanEnglishman Shewouldbestupidnottoaccepthisinvitation Itwouldbeeasiertodoitthisway 7 名词短语和名词 and结构Ajudiciousmanwouldnothavecommittedsuicide Adiligentstudentwouldhaveworkedharder 8 独立主格结构Allthingsconsidered thepricewouldbereasonable 7 名词短语和名词 and结构Ajudiciousmanwouldnothavecommittedsuicide Adiligentstudentwouldhaveworkedharder 8 独立主格结构Allthingsconsidered thepricewouldbereasonable 9 定语从句Anyonewhohadbeeninyourpositionwouldhavedonethesame Anation whichstoppedworking wouldbedeadinafortnight 10 情态动词完成式暗示虚拟语气 Ishouldhavecalledtomakeanairlinereservation butIdidn t Theporteroughttohavecalledthefire brigadeassoonashesawthefireinthestock whichwentupinsmoke 11 动词原形表示虚拟动词原形直接用在句子中也被看作是一种虚拟 最常见于正式文体中 动词原形一般用在条件从句中 有时倒装置于句首 同时这种用法也常见于独立句中表达愿望 Godblessyou Allmagnetsbehavethesame betheylargeorsmall She llbesixteenyearsodd comMay comeMay whenMaycome Ifthatbeso weshalltakeactionatonce 5 Withoutelectricityhumanlife quitedifferenttoday A isB willbeC wouldhavebeenD wouldbe答案 D6 Hehesitatedforamomentbeforekickingtheball otherwisehe agoal A hadscoredB scoredC wouldscoreD wouldhavescored答案 D 3 当主句的动作和从句的动作不是发生在同一时间 需用混合虚拟条件句表示 1 过去时与现在时混合使用 即条件为过去事实相反的假设 而主句为与现在事实相反的说法 Ifhehadfollowedthedoctor sadvice hewouldbeallrightnow 2 现在时与过去时混合使用 Ifhecouldpasstheexamnow hewouldhavepasseditlasttime 3 现在时与将来时混合使用 Ifhewereherenow hewastostartoffwithustomorrow 7 ItishardformetoimaginewhatIwouldbedoingtodayifI inloveattheageofseven withtheMelindaCoxLibraryinmyhometown A wouldn thavefallenB hadnotfallenC shouldfallD weretofall答案 B 8 Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater itlooksasifit A breaksB hasbrokenC werebrokenD hadbeenbroken答案 C 非真实条件句所表的假设则是不可能或不大可能发生或实现的 句中的条件从句与结果主句皆用虚拟语气 二 虚拟语气在宾语从句中的使用 在动词建议 persuadeagreearrangedeterminesuggest advise propose Recommend 建议 move 会议上提议 advise 要求 ask request require desire demand stipulate 规定 tell pray 指挥 order command direct 主张 insist advocate maintain urge beg decide 等词后的宾语从句中谓语动词用 should 动词原形 Jane suncleinsistedthatshenotstayinthehotel Theworkersrequestedthattheirworkingconditionsbeimproved 注 这些词的后面有时也不用虚拟语气 Jane spalefacesuggestedthatshewasill Heinsistedthathewasright 9 Thejudgeorderedthatthethief punished A wouldbeB shouldbeC wastobeD mustbe答案 B 10 Jane spalefacesuggestedthatshe ill andherparentssuggestedthatshe amedicalexamination A be shouldhaveB was haveC shouldbe hadD was has答案 B 2 动词wish的宾语从句的谓语动词与条件从句的谓语动词形式一样 即 现在使用过去 过去使用过去完成 将来使用过去将来 不管主句的谓语动词如何 IdowishthatIcouldhelpyou IwishIhadknowntheanswertothequestion 11 HowIwisheveryfamily alargehousewithabeautifulgarden A hasB hadC willhaveD hadhad答案 B12 IwishI youyesterday A seenB didseenC hadseenD weretosee答案 C 2 It be important desirable 理想的 better strange necessary surprising essential imperative impossible advisable vital crucial obligatory natural that 从句 should 动词原形 Itisnecessarythatyou should bepresentatthediscussion advisable合理的decided决定的crucialappropriate恰当的determined决定的commanded命令的arranged安排的essential紧要的 基本的complied遵照anxiousimperative迫切的important重要的desirable合意的betterinsistent坚持的desired想要asked请求keen渴望的incredibleadamant坚定不移的naturalinsisted坚持necessarysuggestedurgent紧迫的ordered命令shocked震惊的vital极其重要的possible可能的strangepreferable 好一点 proposed提议requested要求的requiredrecommended推荐resolved决定的probable 可能的 pity可惜 憾事shame遗憾 注意 这类形容词后面除了可接that虚拟句以外 也可以for todo 来表达 一般情况下 意思没有什么差别 Itisessentialthatheshouldbepreparedforthis Itisessentialforhimtobepreparedforthis 3 Itisapity amatterofregret wonder shame that从句 should 动词原形 4 Itis high about time that从句 动词用一般过去时态 Itistimeweleft Itistimeforustoleave Itishightimethathebegantothinkhowtodealwithmoney 例题13 Itisdesirablethattheplane aslightaspossible A wasB beC isD were答案 B 三 虚拟语气在主语从句中的使用 1 It be suggested ordered demanded required requested planned arranged that从句 should 动词原形 ItwassuggestedthatJane should haveamedicalexamination 14 Itishightimethatwe toschool A wouldgoB wentC willgoD hadgone答案 B15 Iwouldratherthatyou rightaway A leaveB leftC willleaveD shouldlive答案 B 四 虚拟语气在表语从句与同位语从句中的使用 名词suggestion proposal 建议 order advice demand recommendation motion plan idea order等可以接名词性从句 从句中的谓语动词一般使用虚拟语气 should 动词原形 Mysuggestionisthatyou should sendafewsoldierstohelpthem Hemakesthedemandthatshe should leavetheplaceatonce 例题16 Theirdemandisthattheirwages increasedby20 A beB shouldC willbeD mustbe答案 A17 Theteacheragreedtothesuggestionthatthestudents twoweekstopreparefortheexam A giveB shouldgiveC begivenD wouldbegiven答案 C 五 虚拟语气在方式状语从句中的使用 关联词有asif asthough 用法与wish后的宾语从句相同 即 现在使用过去 过去使用过去完成 将来使用过去将来 不管主句的谓语动词如何 Theylookratherpuzzledasiftheydidn tknowanythingaboutit 18 Thetwostrangerstalkedasifthey friendsforyears A shouldbeB wouldbeC havebeenD hadbeen答案 D 六 虚拟语气在目的状语从句中的使用 由sothat inorderthat forfearthat 以免 incase lest