高中英语 Module5 The Conquest of the Universe Period2特色训练 外研版选修8.doc

【特色训练】高中英语外研版选修8 module5 the conquest of the universe period2一、引导词的选择 宾语从句的引导词除that只起连接作用外，其他的都有各自具体的意义。因此我们在选择引导词时，要把句型结构、句意及习惯搭配结合起来，做全盘考虑。请看下面的例句： youll have to decide car well use, yours or mine youll have to decide car well use, the old one or the new one youll have to decide well use the new car for youll have to decide well use the new car awhich bwhat cwhose dwhether 根据后面的yours or mine选择whose；根据后面的the old one or the new one选择which；选择b项，构成whatfor结构；只有选择whether，全句的意思才通顺。 再如：i still remember when this used to be a small village相当于i still remember the time when this used to be a small village我仍然记得当时这儿曾是个小村庄。 另外，要特别注意：动词或动词短语check，make sure等作肯定句的谓语时，全句在汉语意义上虽有“是否”之意，但后面常用that作引导词。如： check that everything is in order，please 请核对一下是否一切正常。 make sure that the door is locked before you leave the lab 在离开实验室前，务必弄清门是否锁上了。 二、that的省略与否 that在口语中常省略。但在下列情况下，that一般不能省略： 1that从句置于句首以示强调或作简短回答时，如： that he has never seen such a thing i simply cant believe what do you assume from his attitude 你从他的态度推测到什么？ that he was frightened 他很害怕。 2及物动词所带的第二个及以后的宾语从句中。 he said lesson 82 was important and that he should learn it well 他说第82课重要，他应学好它。 3that从句被短语、词组分开时。如： he told us once again that he would never give up 他再次告诉我们他决不会放弃。 4在复合宾语中。如： he made it clear that he wouldnt give us an answer 他表明他不会给我们答复的。 三、从句的谓语动词的形式 当主句时态为一般过去时时，宾语从句的时态一般受其影响，要用过去的相应时态。并且，此影响延伸至宾语从句中定语从句、状语从句等。如：he said he would come if he had time 他说有时间他会来。 但下列两种情形例外： 1当宾语从句为客观真理或普遍事实时，只用一般现在时。如： the voyage proved that the earth is round 那次航海证实了地球是圆的。 2当主句谓语动词为suggest, insist, demand等时，其宾语从句常用should型的虚拟语气，谓语为（should）动词原形。如： he demanded that they (should) be there on time 他要求他们按时到那儿。 四、从句的语序 在宾语从句中只用陈述语序。如： he was not satisfied with what i said 他对我说的不满意。 五、混合型的宾语从句 当主句谓语动词为thinksupposeexpectbelieve等时，且其后的宾语从句为否定句，常将否定词not从从句中转移到主句中，构成否定转移；疑问句中what, who, how等要放在句首，构成混合型的宾语从句（也可把主句视为插入语）。如： we dont think theres anything of interest in your picture 我们认为你的画没有什么有趣的地方。 what do you suppose they needed 你推测他们需要什么？ 宾语从句讲解一. 概念 （板书）作宾语的句子就是宾语从句。它在句中作及物动词、介词或形容词的宾语。如： my mother says she will come back soon. i think i can work out this problem. i dont know why he was late this morning.(板书一下三个句子) 宾语从句可以是一个陈述句，也可以是一个问句。今天我们先来讲一讲陈述句作宾语从句的情况。（板书：二、陈述句）二. 宾语从句是陈述句的情况：1. 由that连接（或叫引出、引导）宾语从句。（板书：连接词：+陈述句） 比如上面两句就可以变成：my mother says that she will come back soon. i think that i can work out this problem.（在原句添加that）但that只起连接作用，没有实在的意义，常常省略。我们来试一试：合并句子：mary is seriously ill. she doesnt know.mary doesnt know (that) she is seriously ill.he will arrive here on time. im sure.i am sure (that) he will arrive here on time. 2. 宾语从句的语序 : （板书：语序：陈述句）大家是否注意到陈述句作宾语从句的时候，它的语序没变，还是陈述句的语序。（可不提语序，因为陈述句本身没有变化，等以后接问句时再讲解。）我们来翻译几个句子：i hear (that) you are going to travel to the south next week.i think (that) he is doing his homework.i dont think he has already finished his homework.i know (that) tom came back yesterday.im afraid (that) mike isnt here at the moment.im sorry (to hear that) your watch is lost.三. 宾语从句的时态现在我们来分析一下主从句的时态。（板书：时态：）以上主句都使用了现在时态。1. 如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句该用什么时态就用什么时态。2. 如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态（一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）。例如：（使用以上用过的句子对比讲解更好）my mother says that she will come back soon. my mother said that she would come back sooni think that i can work out this problem.i thought that i could work out this problem.(再让学生将以上其他句子改写，之后再翻译以下句子)he said (that) he wanted to stay at home.he told me that he was preparing for the sports meeting.he said that mr. green had already flown to the u.s. for his holiday.i was told that my uncle would come to see me soon.my mother said that she had left her watch at home.3. 如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理(大自然的规律)，其时态常用一般现在时。例如：our teacher said that january is the first month of the year. when we were young we knew that the earth goes around the sun.my father told me that the sun is bigger than the earth.he told me that paris is the capital of france.选修八第五模块the conquest of the universe no.2 grammar：review of noun clauses（1）&（2）一、学习目标:名词性从句相当于名词，可分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。因此，名词性从句分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位从句。二、重、难点：引导名词性从句的连接词1、连接代词：who, whose, whom, what, which。有词义，在从句中担任成分，如主语、表语、宾语、或定语等。2、连接副词：when, where, why, how。有词义，在从句中担任成分，作状语。3、连接词：that, whether, if, as if。that 无词义，在从句中不担任成分，有时可省略；if (whether), as if虽有词义，但在从句中不担任成分。注意：连接代词与连接副词在句中不再是疑问句，因而从句中谓语不用疑问式。连接代词与连接副词在从句充当句子成分，连接词whether 和if（是否），as if（好象）在从句中不充当句子成分，只起连接作用。根据句义，如果连接代词与连接副词，whether、if 和as if都用不上时，才用that作连接词（that本身无任何含义）。三、自主学习：（一）、主语从句1、主语从句在复合句作主语。 e.g. who will go is not important.2、用it作形式主语，主语从句放在句末。e.g. it doesnt matter so much whether you will come or not.3、that引导主语从句时，不能省略。 e.g. that he suddenly fell ill last week made us surprised（二）表语从句1、表语从句在复合句中作表语，位于系动词之后。e.g. the question was who could go there.2、引导表语从句的连接词that有时可省去。e.g. my idea is (that) we can get more comrades to help in the work.（三）宾语从句1、宾语从句在复合句中作宾语。引导宾语从句的连词that一般可省略。e.g. i hope (that) everything is all right.2、介词之后的宾语从句，不可用which或if连接，要分别用what或 whether。e.g. im interested in whether youve finished the work.im interested in what youve said.3、whether与if都可以引导宾语从句，常可互换。但下面情况不能互换。宾语从句是否定句时，只用if，不用whether。e.g. i wonder if it doesnt rain.用if 会引起误解，就要用whether。e.g. please let me know whether you want to go.（此句如果把whether改成if，容易当成条件句理解）宾语从句中的whether 与or not直接连用，就不能换成if；不直接连用，可换。e.g. i dont know whether or not the report is true.i dont know whether/ if the report is true or not.介词后的宾语从句要用whether引导。whether 可与不定式连用。whether也可引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句，还可引导让步状语从句，以上均不能换成if。但引导条件从句时，只能用if，而不能用whether。 e.g. it depends on whether we have enough time.they dont know whether to go there. please come to see me if you have time.（四）同位语从句同位语从句在句中作某一名词的同位语，一般位于该名词（如：news, fact, idea, suggestion, promise等）之后，说明该名词的具体内容。 e.g. i have no idea when he will be back.the fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody.四、预习指导：判断下列各句哪句含有名词性从句，并指出是什么从句：1. china is no longer what it used to be.2. the truth that the earth turn around the sun is known to all.3. it was snowing when he arrived at the station.4. how he persuaded the manager to change the plan is interesting to us all.5. the news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.6. the news that you told me yesterday was really disappointing.7. that is where lu xun used to live.8. he spoke as if he understood what he was talking about.9. do you remember the teacher who taught us english at middle school?10. i wonder why she refused my invitation.五、课堂互动探究：用适当的连词填空：1. i cant decide _ dictionary i should buy.2. thats _ he refused my invitation.3. i am very interested in _ he has improved his pronunciation in such a short time.4. _ we need is more time.5. the fact _ she had not said anything at the meeting surprised everybody.6. _ and _ they will meet has not been decided yet.7. please tell me _ you are waiting for.8. is that _ you are looking for?9. would you please tell me _ the nearest post office is?10. i dont know _ he will agree to the plan or not.六、归纳小结：1. do you see _ i mean? a. that b./ c. how d. what2. tell me_ is on your mind. a. that b. what c. which d. why3. we must stick to _ we have agreed on. a. what b. that c. / d. how4. let me see _. a. that can i repair the radio b. whether -i can repair the radioc. i can repair the radio d. whether can i repair the radio5. keep in mind _. a. that the teacher said b. what did the teacher sayc. that did the teacher say d. what the teacher said6. could you advise me _? a. which book should i read first b. what book should i read firstc. that book 1 should read first d. which book i should read first7. he was criticized for _. a. he had done it b. what he had done c. what had he done d. that he had done it8. would you kindly tell me _? a. how can i get to the beijing railway station b. how i can get to the beijing railway stationc. where can i get to the beijing railway station d. whether can i get to the beijing railway station9. mrs. smith was very much impressed by _. a. what had she seen in china b. that she had seen in chinac. what she had seen in china d. which had she seen in china10. we took it for granted _ a. that they were not coming b. that were they not comingc. they were coming not d. were they not coining七、达标检测：11. i really dont know _. a. i should do next b. what should i do nextc. what i should do next d. how i should do next12. im afraid _. a. the little girl will have to be operated on b. that will the little girl have to operate onc. the little girl will have to operate on d. that will the little girl have to be operated on13. she walked up to _ . a. where did i stand b. where i stood c. i stood there d. where i stood there14. can you tell me _? a. who is that gentleman b. that gentleman is whoc. who that gentleman is d. whom .is that gentleman15. well give you _. a. that do you need b. what do you needc. whatever you need d. whether do you need16. they want us to know _ to help us.a. what can they b. what they can c. how they can d. how can they17. we must put _ into practice. a. what we have learned b. that we have learnedc. that have we learned d. what have we learned18. did she say anything about _? a. that the work was to be done b. how was the work to be donec. that was the work to be done d. how the work was to be done19. he was never satisfied with _. a. what she had achieved b. had what she achievedc. she had achieved d. that she achieved20. these photographs will show you _. a. what does our village look like b. what our village looks likec. how does our village look like d. how our village looks like21. peter insisted _ he pay the bill. a. on that b. what c. that d. on which22. they urged _ the library open during the vacation. a. when b. where c. why d. that23. we wish we could have learned _ when we were at high school.a. what you did b. that you had done c. that what you did d. what did you do24.1 will describe to you _ i saw when there. a. what b. that c. which d./25. from _ i should say he is a good worker. a. what 1 know of him b. that i do know of himc. what do i know of him d. that do i know of him26. i will give this dictionary to _ wants to have it. a. whomever b. anyone c. whoever d. someone27._ they will come here hasn t been decided yet. a. what b. that c. when d. where28. _ was said here must be kept secret. a. who b. the thing c. whatever d. where29. it is still a question _ we shall have our sports meet. a. if b. that c. what d. when30. im going anyway. _ she will go is up to her to decide.a. if or not b. whether or not c. if d. that31. it is strange _ she have left without saying a word. a. that b. what c. why d. how32. it is very clear _ our policy is a correct one. a. what b. that c. why d. where33. _ mr zhang said is quite right. a. that b. when c. what d. whether34. it has been decided _ he will be sent there. a. if b. whether c. why d. that35. it doesn t matter _he s come back or not. a. if b. whether c. that d. when36. its a great pity _ we wont be able to finish the task on time.a. when b. that c. why d. where37. it happened _ i wasnt there that day. a. when b. why c. where d. that38._ you have done might do harm to other people. a. what