高中英语 Unit 1 Other countries, other culturesGrammar and usage精品教案 牛津译林版选修9.doc

grammar and usagestep 1: general introduction the grammar items in this unit focus on subordinate clauses. students will learn that subordinate clauses are used to express less important ideas in a sentence. they will review three main subordinate clausesthe adverbial clause, the noun clause and the attributive clause. they are expected to know what each clause can be used to express and which conjunctions can be used in each clause. meanwhile, students are expected to apply what they have learnt by fulfilling some written tasks.step 2: overview and practice:1. review what a main clause is and what a subordinate clause is in a sentence. read the following sentences and try to underline the main clause of each sentence.1). the dog that/which was lost has been found.2). those who are in favor of the proposal are expected to discuss it in detail after the meeting.3). there are many organizations whose purpose is to help the homeless.4). the days when we had to rely on wool, cotton or silk for our clothes have now passed.5). air moves from places where the pressure was high to places where the pressure is low.6). this is the reason why he refused to help us.7). he was born in 1976, when an earthquake struck the country.8). the news that he has been admitted by harvard university is very pleasing.9). the news the you told me was really exciting.10). as you look at yourself in a mirror, youll seen an identical image of yourself.11). it is a long time before it is possible to test the medicine on human patients.12). as the school regulations are written quite clearly, there is nothing more to be explained.13). considering that the sweater was hard made, it was not expensive.14). we should do the exercise as our teacher tells us.15). you talk as if you had really been there.16). nails protect the ends of human fingers and toes as claw protect the toes of most animals.2. read the following sentences in the reading passage, trying to find subordinate clauses.1) canada has vast areas of wilderness, from the arctic north, where average winter temperatures are usually minus 20 degrees centigrade, to the 8,892-kilometre-long boarder with the usa in the south, which is said to be the longest border in the world not defended by an army or the police. here where average winter temperatures are usually minus 20 degrees centigrade and which is said to be the longest border in the world not defended by an army or the police are the subordinate clauses. the previous one expresses what kink of place canada is and the latter subordinate clause gives more information about he long border.2) for those who love outdoor activities, it is possible to hike, sail, crosscountry ski or travel by snowmobile for hoursor even dayswithout meeting another person. here it is possible to hike, sail, cross-country ski or travel by snowmobile for hoursor even dayswithout meeting another person is the main clause. who love outdoor activities is the subordinate clause, which defines the pronoun those it follows.3) historians say that approximately one million people left their homes from different areas all over north america to seek their fortunes in the gold rush. historians say is the main clause and approximately one million people left their homes from different areas all over north america to seek their fortunes in the gold rush is the subordinate clause, which functions like a noun in the sentence, as it is the object of the verb say.3. read part 1 on page 8. read part 1. adverbial clauses can be used to express time, place, manner, contrast, condition, reason, purpose or result. read the following sentences and tell the function of each adverbial clauses:1) when you find an interesting book in a bookshop, dont hesitate to buy it at once. (expressing time)2) where there is waste, there is pollution. (expressing place)i want to live how i want to live. (expressing manner)3) although it was cold, we went out as usual. ( expressing contrast)4) some people waste food while others dont have enough. (expressing contrast)5) if you do have difficulties, please come and ask me. (expressing condition) when in rome, do as the romans do. (expressing manner)6) because silk paper was so expensive, people developed a kind of paper made from the fibers of plants.( expressing reason)7) he left early in order that he might arrive on time. (expressing purpose)8) she wrote the message on a piece of paper so that she wouldnt forget it. (expressing result)4. read part 2 on page 8. noun clauses function like nouns in a sentence and can be the subject, the object or the predicative. read the following sentences and tell the function of each noun clauses:1) whether she likes the present is not clear to me. (as the subject)2) it is strange that all the children came late this morning. (as the subject)3) i notice that all the workers in the park were cleanly dressed and very polite. (as the object)4) we need to think about how much we should pay for the huge project. (as the object)5) the question is which job is easier to do, this one or that one. (as the predicative)6) this is where i worked ten years ago. (as the predicative)5. read part 3. attributive clauses are like adjectives. there are two kinds of attributive clauses-restrictive and non-restrictive. 6. read the magazine article in part a on page 9 and identify the sentences as adverbial, noun or attributive clauses.answers a 1 adv 2 noun 3 attr 4 attr 5 attr 6 attr; noun7. read the article from a travel web page in part b and complete the text with suitable subordinate conjunctions or relative pronouns or adverbs. answers b (1) when (2) if (3) what (4) because (5) that (6) which (7) who (8) why (9) whose (10) that (11) when (12) whose (13) who (14) that相关高考试题名词性从句1.we havent settled the question of _ it is necessary for him to study abroad.（2006江苏） a. if b. where c. whether d. that2.a warm thought suddenly came to me _i might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mothers birthday.（2006安徽） a. if b. when c. that d. which3. there is much chance_ bill will recover from his injury in time for the race.（2006天津） a. that b. which c. until d. if4.i think it is necessary for my 19-year-old son to have his own mobile phone, for i sometimes want to make sure if he _ home for dinner.（2006辽宁） a. comeb. comesc. has come d. will come5._ makes this shop different is that it offers more personal services.（2006辽宁） a. what b. who c. whatever d. whoever6.-its thirty years since we last met. -but i still remember the story, believe it or not,_ we got lost on a rainy night.（2006四川） a. which b. that c. what d. when7.see the flags on top of the building? that was_ we did this morning.（2006全国i） a. when b. which c. where d. what8. please remind me_ he said he was going. i may be in time to see him off.（2006全国i） a. where b. when c. how d. what9. _ matters most in learning english is enough practice.(2007 全国ii)a. whatb. whyc. whered. which10. parents say and do has a life-long effect on their children. （07 陕西）a. thatb. whichc. whatd. as11. it is none of your business other people think about you. believe yourself.（07 福建）a. howb. whatc. whichd. when12. the seaside here draws a lot of tourists every summer. warm sunshine and soft sands make _ it is. (07 天津)a.what b.which c. how d. wherekey：ccada bdbac ba定语从句1. women _ drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those _ dont.（2006北京） a. who; 不填 b. who; 不填 c. who;who d. 不填；不填2. the owner of the cinema needed to make a lot of improvements and employ more people to keep it running, _ meant spending tens of thousands of pounds.（2006江苏） a. whob. thatc. asd. which3. i was giving a talk to a large group of people, the same talk i _ to half a dozen other groups.（2006湖南） a. was giving b. am giving c. had given d. have given4. we saw several natives advancing towards our party, and one of them came up to us, _ we gave some bells and glasses.（2006湖南） a. to which b. to whom c. with whom d. with which5. the beatles, _ many of you are old enough to remember, came from liverpool.（2006天津） a. what b. that c. how d. as6. i was told that there were about 50 foreign students _ chinese in the school, most _ were from germany.（2006辽宁） a. study; of whom b. study; of them c. studying; of themd. studying; of whom7. she was educated at beijing university , _ she went on to have her advanced study abroad.（陕西） a. after that b. from that c. from which d. after which8. i was given three books on cooking, the first _ i really enjoyed.（浙江） a. of that b. of which c. that d. which9. my friend, who _ on the international olympic committee all his life, is retiring next month.（浙江） a. served b. is serving c. had served d. has served10. were just trying to teach a point _ both sides will sit down together and talk.（山东） a. where b. that c. when d. which11. -where did you get to know her? -it was on the farm _ we worked. (07 山东)a. that b. there c. which d. where 12. we shouldnt spent our money testing so many people,most of _ are healthy.(07 北京)a. that b.which c. what d. whom13. by serving others, a person focuses on someone other than himself or herself, _ can be very eye-opening and rewarding. (07 陕西)a. who b. which c. what d. that 14. after gradutation she reached a point in her career she needed to decide what to do.(07 江西)a.that b.what c.which d. where15. he was told that it would be at least three more months _ he could receover and return to work. (07 江西)a.when b.before c.since d.that16. last week, only two people came to look at the house, _ wanted to buy it.(07 安徽) a. none of them b. both of them c. none of whom d. neither of whom17.those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity _sight matters more than hearing.(07 天津)a. when b. whose c.which d. where18. he was educated at the local high school, he went on to beijing university. (07 江苏)a. after which b. after that c. in which d. in thatkey：cdcbd ddbda ddbdb dda状语从句1. i along the street looking for a place to park when the accident (2006安徽) a. went; was occurring b. went; occurred c. was going; occurred d. was going; had occurred2. a man cannot smile like a child, _ a child smiles with his eyes, while a man smiles with his lips alone.（湖南） a. so b. but c. and d. for3. i had just stepped out of the bathroom and was busily drying myself with a towel _ i heard the steps.（湖南） a. while b. when c. since d. after4. with his work completed, the businessman stepped back to his seat, feeling pleased _ he was a man of action.（湖南） a. whichb. that c. what d. whether5. the cost of living in glasgow is among the lowest in britain, the quality of life is probably one of the highest.（天津） a. since b. when c. as d. while6. his plan was such a good one _ we all agreed to accept it.（陕西） a. asb. thatc. sod. after which7. if you are traveling the customs are really foreign to your own, please do as the romans do.（天津） a. in which b. what c. when d. where8. he was about halfway through his meal a familiar voice came to his ears.（辽宁） a .why b. where c. when d. while9.-mom,what did your doctor say? -he advised me to live _ the air is fresher.（四川） a. in where b. in which c. the place where d. where10. this is a very interesting book. ill buy it, _.（陕西） a. no matter how it may cost b. how may it cost c. how much may it cost d. however much it may cost11. _ i really dont like art, ifind his work impressive. （07 山东）a. as b. since c. if d. while 12. _ he had not hurt his leg, john would have won the race. (07 全国ii)a. ifb. sincec. thoughd. when13. .-wheres that report? -i brought it to you _you were in mr.blacks office yesterday. (07 北京)a. if b. when c. because d. before14. i wont call you, _ something unexpected happens. a. unless b. whether c. because d. while 15. most birds find it safe to sleep in the trees, but _ they have eggs or young chicks, they dont use a nest. (07 湖南)a. why b. how c. unless d. where 16. you will be successful in the interview you have confidence. (07 福建)a.beforeb.oncec.untild.though17. the village has developed a lot we learned farming two years ago.(07 福建)a.whenb.whichc.thatd.where18. the field research will take joan and paul about five months; it will be a long time _ we meet them again.(07 安徽)a. after b. before c. since d. when19. it is difficult for us to learn a lesson in life _weve actually had that lesson. (07 天津)a.until b. after c. since d. when key：cdbbd bdcdd daba c bbbastep 3 consolidation: i. multiple choice:1. _ i accept the gift or refuse it is none of your business.a. if b. whether c. even if d. no matter when2. _ that there is another good harvest this year.a. it says b. it is said c. it was said d. he was said3. _ that she has received a doctors degree.a. its a splendid news b. this is a splendid newsc. its splendid news d. this is splendid news4. _ still needs to be discussed.a. how is the plan to be carried out b. how the plan is to be carried outc. why is the plan carried out d. why the plan carried out5. _ is unknown to us all.a. where did she put itb. where she put itc. that where she put it d. in which she put it6. _ nothing to do with us.a. what he did is b. what he has done isc. what did he do has d. what he has done has7. thats _ the party called on us to do.a. what b. that c. how d. why8. the reason why i have to go is _ if i dont.a. that she will be disappointed b. because she will be disappointedc. on account of her being disappointedd. that she will be disappointing9. it was _ he worked hard that he succeeded.a. because b. since c. as d. for10. i have no idea _.a. what does the word “infinity” mean b. what the word “infinity” meansc. what the meaning of the word “infinity” d. what the word “infinity” mean11. _ do you think will teach us maths next term? a. whom b. who c. what d. that12. are you sure _? a. whether she is honest b. that she is honesty c. she is honest d. is she honest13. he often thinks of _ he can do more for the four modernizations. a. what b. how c. that d. which14. those are the keys _i lost yesterday.a. what b. whom c. whose d. /15. this is the most beautiful park _ i have ever visited.a. which b. who c. that d. where16. we like the teachers _ students can easily get on well.a. who b. with whomc. which d. with which17. i have told everything _ i can to you.a. what b. that c. which d. who18. this is the best film _i have _ seen.a. which ever b. that ever c. that never d. which yet19. is there anything _ you want me to do?a. that b. which c. for which d. what20. can you lend me the book _ last week?a. about which you talked b. which you talkedc. that you talked d. about that you talked21. if _，i would have gone with him.a. had he told meb. he had told mec. he has told med. he would tell me22. - alice is moving to her new apartment next saturday.- i would be glad to help her，_ need some help.a. should sheb. if she willc. if shed. if she might23. we will never give in _ they might do or say about our plan.a. no matter howb. howc. whateverd. although24. i wond