高中英语 第一部分 VOA慢速英语《美国万花筒》第3课（文本）素材.doc

高中英语 第一部分 voa慢速英语美国万花筒第3课英语翻议讲解：1.decrease v.减少例句：people planted trees on the waste hills to decrease water and soil loss. 人们在荒丘上种植了树木，以减少水土流失。 2.bounce v.反跳, 弹跳例句：the basketball should be reinflated, or it wont bounce. 这个篮球该充气了，要不都拍不起来了。3.reflect v.反射, 反映, 招致, 深思例句：grave colors of the picture can reflect despair of the painter. 画里黯淡的颜色反映出作画者的绝望。4.symbol n.符号, 象征, 代号, 信条例句：the elephant is the national symbol of thailand. 大象是泰国的象征。 5.influence vt.影响, 改变例句：psychological factors can influence physical thermoregulation. 心理因素可以影响身体的温度调节。 1.mister chu said researchers at the lawrence berkeley national laboratory in california estimated the effects that white roofs could have on the planet.变形的have effect on影响例句：the final exam will have a significant effect on your grade. 最后一门考试对你的分数影响很大。2.inventors gene fein of california and ed merritt of massachusetts came up with the idea. come up with赶上, 提出例句：it is a novel idea he has just come up with, nevertheless, i can not agree to it. 他提出了一个很新颖的观点，但我不能赞同。 白色屋顶助减缓变暖 减排量可用公式计算 加州科学家最近宣称，他们已经建立了一套公式，可以用来计算在城市建筑中采用反光材料减少的二氧化碳排放量。 加州能源委员会委员阿特罗森菲尔德（art rosenfeld）在其为加州能源委员会第五次气候变化研究年会准备的声明中写道：“白色屋顶能减少建筑物耗能量的20%，为消费者省钱。美国每年节能的潜力超过10亿美元。通过节电，我们还能减少火电厂温室气体的排放。” 在科研期刊气候变化上即将发表的一篇论文中，罗森菲尔德和劳伦斯伯克利国家实验室（lawrence berkeley national laboratory）的科学家汉森姆阿克巴里（hashem akbari）以及苏拉比曼侬（surabi menon）一起估计，每用白色屋顶替换不能反光的深色屋顶1000平方英尺，每年就能减少10吨二氧化碳当量的排放。按每吨25美元的欧盟碳市场价格计算，这些二氧化碳的减排量价值250美元。 一直以来的科学研究都表明，采用白色屋顶的建筑物能够反射太阳光。同理，冷色调的人行道也有助于减少城市热岛效应，缓解全球变暖。从2005年起，加州平顶的商业性建筑开始要求使用白色节能材质屋顶。从2009年开始，加州新建和改建的民宅也要求采用冷色调节能屋顶材质，这种材料比同样颜色的现有材料能反射更多的太阳光。 为了增加反射性材料在屋顶和人行道中的使用，阿克巴里、曼侬和罗森菲尔德提出了一项由全球40多个热带和温带区域的大城市参与的、采用白色和反光节能材料修建屋顶和人行道的倡议。 研究显示，全球二氧化碳的排放在2025年预计能达到370亿吨，若全球都采用节能屋顶和人行道材料将能减少440亿吨的二氧化碳排放，总价值超过10亿美元，这一费用足以削减一年多的全球二氧化碳排放。 阿卡巴里说：“节能城市的想法能显著的减少能源消耗，改善空气质量，减少夏季的热岛效应，更重要的是降低全球温度。这一简单且有效的想法能让全世界行动起来应对全球变暖。我们的发现能帮助城市中的领导者和规划者量化这一方法减少的碳排放。”英语听力原文：welcome to american mosaic in voa special english.(music)im doug johnson. today we listen to music from a popular band of brothers .answer a question about blackwater .and talk about white roofs and green roads.green newshost:green collar jobs, eco-tourism, organic foods, sustainable industry, environmentally friendly businesses, the list goes on. people are trying to find simple ways to decrease their effect on the planet. faith lapidus considers some recent suggestions for protecting mother earth.faith lapidus:american energy secretary steven chu recently spoke to a group of nobel laureate scientists. he told them that people could slow global warming by changing the color of the roof tops of buildings.a new roof in bermuda is completed with a roof-wetting ceremony. many roofs on the island are painted white.mister chu said sunlight, and its heat, will bounce off a white colored roof. dark roof tops hold in more than eighty percent of the energy from sunlight. a white roof top reflects almost as much. this is why there are white and light colored buildings in many warm areas of the world.mister chu said researchers at the lawrence berkeley national laboratory in california estimated the effects that white roofs could have on the planet. their study considers painting sixty-three percent of rooftops white in one hundred large cities in warm areas around the world. the scientists estimate this would have the same climate effect as taking all cars in the world off the road for ten years. it would also save money on indoor air cooling costs. however, some scientists question the numbers behind the science of white roofing.many american families are planning their summer vacations. a writer of environmentally friendly parenting books has some ideas for vacationing by car. jenn savedges blog appears on the mother nature network.she writes that the most important thing on a road trip is planning. try to find new and fun things to do as close to home as possible. reduce waste by bringing food and drinks for the trip in re-usable containers. she also suggests staying at environmentally friendly places.also, when visiting other places, buy locally produced arts and crafts which support the community.in the future car travelers may see signs of the green roadway project. inventors gene fein of california and ed merritt of massachusetts came up with the idea. they designed a system of solar panels, wind turbines and other power gathering devices. these would be placed along roads, highways and railways throughout the united states.the power gathered would be used to create energy for homes and businesses nearby. the roads would even have power stations for charging electric cars.a spokeswoman for the green roadway project says it would be a sign of hope for young people. she said children would look out the window of their family car and see that clean energy is part of their lives. the project will be proposed to individual american states beginning in late july.blackwaterour listener question this week comes from yemen. sameer taher mahdi heard the phrase blackwater in iraq on a news report. he asks what it meant.erik prince established blackwater (now xe) in 1997blackwater was the name of a private security and military training company. erik prince established the company in the american state of north carolina in nineteen ninety-seven. mister prince is a former officer of the united states navys special forces known as seals.the company has a huge training center in north carolina that is used by the american military and other american security forces. erik prince has said that business really grew for the company after the attacks on the united states in two thousand one.after that, the united states government employed blackwater to work in afghanistan and iraq. blackwater did not have to compete with any other security companies for the work.blackwater private forces guarded american officials and also trained iraqis and afghans for security work. but, the company suffered public image problems in iraq.over the years several blackwater employees were charged with crimes in iraq, including murder. the worst incident happened in september, two thousand seven. blackwater guards were accused of firing into a public square in baghdad and killing at least fourteen civilians. the united states charged the guards involved.in january, iraq ended the right of blackwater to work in the country. in february, blackwater changed its name to xe to help improve its image with the public.just this week, an investigation found that the state department overpaid the company by tens of millions of dollars. the report said the company failed to supply enough people to protect american diplomats in iraq.jonas brothersthat is the mills brothers singing glow worm. the mills were one of the early bands of brothers to become a big hit in the music industry. the everly brothers, the beach boys, the allman brothers the jackson five and others came later.another very popular band of brothers released its fourth album this week. shirley griffith tells about the jonas brothers and plays some of their music - old and new.shirley griffith:that was mandy from the first album by the jonas brothers, its about time. it was written a few years ago by the youngest brother, nick jonas. he is sixteen now.in most families, the little brother follows the bigger ones around. but in the jonas brothers band, nick is the leader. in fact his brothers call him mister president. kevin, twenty-one, and joe, nineteen, say they respect nicks organizational skills and work ethic.nick formed the band in two thousand five, but he had performed in broadway musicals since the age of seven. the jonas brothers started with columbia records but were dropped from the label after their first album.disney-owned hollywood records then signed the brothers. here the young men sing when you look me in the eyes, from jonas brothers, their first album with hollywood.all the brothers play guitar, although kevin leads. nick and joe are lead singers. joe also plays keyboard. nick is the lead songwriter. their concerts are extremely popular, especially among young girls.the band does not write christian songs but the brothers are influenced by their religion. the band and other family members say a group prayer of thanks before each jonas brothers performance. and each brother wears a ring on the third finger of h