6种从句的区别.doc

定语从句与六种易混句型巧区分一、定语从句是高中阶段的重点语法项目之一。因此，同学们有必要全面弄清其用法。定语从句从句型上讲，它与六种句式相似，十分容易混淆。为了帮助同学们分清定语从句与这六种句型的差异，现将其分类例析如下。定语从句与六种易混句型巧区分一、定语从句是高中阶段的重点语法项目之一。因此，同学们有必要全面弄清其用法。定语从句从句型上讲，它与六种句式相似，十分容易混淆。为了帮助同学们分清定语从句与这六种句型的差异，现将其分类例析如下。一、定语从句与并列句1用一个恰当的词完成下列句子，使之完整与正确。MrLihasthreedaughters，noneof_isanengineerMrLihasthreedaughters，butnoneof_isadancerMrLihasthreedaughters；_aredoctors定语从句与并列句的主要区别在于：并列句有像and，but，so等并列连词或两个句子用分号连接，这时就不能再用引导定语从句的关系词了。二、 定语从句与地点状语从句1. 用一个恰当的词完成下列句子，使之完整与正确。Ricedoesntgrowwell_thereisnotenoughwaterIstillrememberthefarm_myparentsworkedtenyearsago定语从句与地点状语从句的主要区别在于：定语从句有表示地点的先行词，而地点状语从句则没有；定语从句的关系词根据需要可用“介词which”来代替where，而地点状语从句则通常只能由where引导。三、定语从句与强调句1用一个恰当的词完成下列句子，使之完整与正确。ItisonthemorningofMay1st_ImetLiangWeiattheairportItisthefactory_MrWangworks强调句与定语从句的区别【原题复现】27.Itwasfromonlyafewsuppliesthatshehadboughtinthevillage_thehostesscookedsuchanicedinner.A.whereBthatCwhenD.which【语法补漏】强调句与定语从句的区别是：在定语从句中一般使用关系代词that,which，who,whom或关系副词when,where，why等,先行词(中心词)一般是名词或名词短语，而在强调句中，可以用副词、介词短语或从句来作被强调的内容。；而在强调句中则主要使用that，who；有时强调句在形式上和定语从句、状语从句很相似。我们除了从意思上进行区分外，还能根据强调句的结构特点来进行判断，如能去掉Itwas.that.后，句子仍然通顺，就是强调句。这一点很重要.试比较：Itisaquestionthatneedscarefulconsideration.ItisnovelsthatMissWilliamsenjoysreading.简析：句是含有定语从句的句子，在此It是指示代词，Itisaquestion是个主语+系动词+表语结构，如果去掉Itis.that,句子结构就不完整了。句是强调句，在此It是个引导词，没有具体含义，如果去掉Itis.that，把语序稍加调整，句子结构仍然是完整的。区分定语从句与强调句区分定语从句和强调句可用还原法，因为强调句的基本句式为Itis(was)+被强调部分+that+句子的其余部分，因此只需将itis(was)后面的部分还原到原来的句子中，如果成份完整，则为强调句，如果成份不完整则为定语从句。1)Itisthisstreet_Ihappenedtomeethim.Itisinthisstreet_Ihappenedtomeethim.AthatBwhereCwhichDfromwhich首先，我们看到主句部分为itis结构，可能是定语从句可能是强调句，利用还原法，将两部分分别还原，得出1Ihappenedtomeethimthisstreet.2Ihappenedtomeethiminthisstreet.1句子成份不完整，为定语从句，用where；2句子成份完整为强调句，选that。2)Wheredidyoumeethim?Itisinthecinema_Imethim.Itisinthecinema_doorfaceswest.AthatBwhereCwhoseDwhich仍然采取还原法，得出1Imethiminthecinema.2Doorfaceswestinthecinema.1句子成份完整，确定为强调句，用that选A；2明显不是一个意思表达清楚的句子，其实本句是一个省略句，全句为：Itisinthecinema_doorfaceswestthatImethim.强调句部分已经省略，而句中doorfaceswest是一个定语从句，表示门朝西开的电影院，因此选C，whose在做题中我们经常可以看见带有定语从句的强调句，这时仍可用还原法加以辨别：(1)Wasitinthecinema_Smithmetyou_yousawthefilm?Athat,thatBwhom,thenCwhere,thatDwhich,where(2)WheredidyoufoundXingMing?Itwasintheoffice_heworked.AthisBwhichCwhereD/【高考题互动】01、(08全国卷II20)ItwasinNewZealand_ElizabethfirstmetMr.Smith.A.thatB.howC.whichD.when02、08)ItwasalongtheMississippiRiver_MarkTwainspentmuchofhischildhood.A.howB.whichC.thatD.where定语从句与强调句的主要区别在于：强调句的结构为“Itiswas被强调部分that从句”。被强调部分可以是除谓语以外的任何成分，当被强调部分是人时，还可用who代替that。这一句型中，一定不能因为被强调部分是表时间或地点的词就用when或where代替that。三、 定语从句与结果状语从句1. 用一个恰当的词完成下列句子，使之完整与正确。 Ihavethesamecomputer_youhaveSheissuchakindandfunnygirl_allofusliketomakefriendswithher定语从句与结果状语从句的主要区别在于（这里只讨论thesameasthat和suchasthat两种情况）：在这两种情况下，如果asthat既引导从句，同时又在从句中充当一定的成分，则asthat引导的是定语从句。在thesameasthat结构中，用as指一样的，但不是同一个事物；用that指同一物品，五、定语从句与习惯句型1用一个恰当的词完成下列句子。Itisthefirsttime_shehasbeeninShanghaiItwasthetime_Chinesepeoplehadahardlife六、定语从句与单句1用一个恰当的词完成下列句子。Themothertoldthelazyboytowork，_didnthelpThemothertoldthelazyboytowork_didnthelpSheissuchakindandfunnygirl_allofusliketomakefriendswithher定语从句与结果状语从句的主要区别在于（这里只讨论thesameasthat和suchasthat两种情况）：在这两种情况下，如果asthat既引导从句，同时又在从句中充当一定的成分，则asthat引导的是定语从句。在thesameasthat结构中，用as指一样的，但不是同一个事物；用that指同一物品，名词性从句的考点剖析一在句中起名词作用的从句叫名词性从句，它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句二如何判断为名词性从句1充当主语的从句为主语从句。2用于及物动词或介词或某些形容词如：afraid,glad,sure,pleased等后为宾语从句。3用于系动词后为表语从句。系动词有：be动词；意为“起来”的动词，如look,sound,taste,smell意为“变成”“成为”的动词， 如 turn,become,get,go等； 半系动词fall,seem,appear,prove,come,keep,stay,remain等。4用于某些抽象名词后，解释并补充前面名词的内容的从句，被叫做同位语从句。同位语从句通常用that引导。但当抽象名词为question,problem时，要用疑问词引导。这些抽象名词为news,word(消息)，truth,fact,information,story,thought,wish,hope,desire,idea,order,suggestion,advice,proposal,promise,word(诺言)，theory,opinion,viewpoint,conclusion,question,problem三.高考常考考点1名词性从句中，若缺少主语或宾语或表语，则用what_reallyinterestedMarywasdancing.(作主语)Thisis_weshouldlearnfromComradeLeiFeng.（作宾语）Ourschoolisnolonger_itusedtobe.（作表语）2.名词性从句中，若不缺成分，不缺意义，则用that.that引导主语、表语、同位语从句时，虽不作成分，无意义，但不可省略。_hecameheremademeveryhappy.Ibelieve_heisadeterminedperson.Mysuggestionis_heshouldbesenttohospital.Heexpressedhisthought_hedoesntagreetotheproject.2. that引导宾语从句时，第一个that可以省，但从第二个that开始不能省.Hesaid_theexhibitionwasexcellentandthathewantedtovisititoncemore.4.if与whether的不同（当“是否”讲时）Whether可引导主语，表语，同位语从句，但是if不能。引导宾语从句时以下情况只用whether:(1)引导介词后面的宾语从句（2）与不定式连用（3）与ornot紧密连用5.通常情况下，介词后的宾语从句不用that引导，但inthat=because“因为”；exceptthat+句子=exceptfor+n.都表示对前面的整体做相反的部分的补充或修正。6.所有的从句都使用陈述语序。Couldyoutellmewhatsthematterwithhim?7.whoever,whatever,whichever引导名词性从句（也可引导让步状从，表泛指）。whoever=anyonewho定语从句；whatever=anythingthat定语从句;whichever“任何一个”Youmustnevergiveyourchild_heorshewants._leavestheclassroomlastshouldturnoffthelights._teamwillwinthegameonSaturdaycangetthroughtothenationalchampionship.8.区分whoever与who引导的名词性从句_breaksthelawshouldbepunished.(指人)_breaksthelawisunknown.(指事)9.当it出现充当形式主语或形式宾语时，后常用todo不定式或that从句来充当真主语或真宾语。但Itisuseless/nouse/nogooddoingsth.做是没有用的/没有意义的。Iwouldappreciateitifyou如果你我会非常感激的。Ihate/dislike/like/loveitwhen我讨厌/喜欢的那个时候。如：Ihate_peoplespeakwiththeirmouthfull.Icanthelpitif条件状语从句如果我也没办法。10.无论几个疑问词引导一个从句或与一个不定式连用作主语，用单数谓语动词。如：Whenandwherewellgooutforapicnichasntbeendecided.WhenandhowtogotoBeijingisunknown.11.当Ving或todo及短语或从句作主语时用单数谓语动词，但what从句要具体看。Whatweneed_water.Whatweneed_books.12.疑问词+插入语+其它陈述语序插入语通常为：doyouthink/believe/suppose/guess/suggest如：Whodoyouguessistoblame?WhatdoyousupposehashappenedtoMary?13.who与whomwho在句子中可作主语或宾语或表语;而whom在句子中只作宾语。14.两个连词碰在一起时，要分清各自的作用。如：Iwonderwhetherwhatyousaidispractical.(whether引导宾语从句到最后；而what引导主语从句到said.)15.doubt或wonder所在的句子为肯定句时，后常用if/whether引导宾语从句；若所在的句子为否定句或疑问句时，后则用that引导宾语从句。16What名词性从句=allthat定语从句what(=allthat)yousaidisright.17.问distance,population,price,nationality,height,size,width,length,address等用what.Whatsthepopulationofchina?Whatsyouraddress?18.名词性从句中的虚拟语气：此处省略，请参阅虚拟语气19.常考的句型：Thereasonwhyisthat“的原因是因为”Thereason_hewaslateforschoolwas_hewasill.AistoBwhatCistoD.“A对B的重要性好比C对D的重要性。”如：Wateristofish_airistohumanbeings.Engineistomachine_heartistohumanbeings.Myhometownisnolonger_itusedtobe.Thisiswedisagree./ThatisLuXunoncelived./Thisisthekeytosolvingtheproblemlies._disappointedmemostwas_hefailedinthecollegeentranceexam._excitedmemostwasthathewonthespeechcontest._mattersinlearningEnglishisenoughpractice.Thereisno/muchchance/possibilitythat同位语从句。takeitforgranted+that真正宾语从句。类似句型还有：seetoitthat/countonitthat/makeitclearthat/answerforitthat/find/thinkit+形容词+todo不定式Thereisnopointdoingsth.Thereisnoneedtodosth.Thereisnodoubtthat从句。Itisnowonder(that)ItiswellknownthatAsiswellknown,WhatiswellknownisthatItiscertainthatItisuncertainwhethersb./sth.issaid/considered/thought/reported/believedtohavedonesth.Theoutputthisyearisfivetimeswhatitwasbeforeliberation.四.解题步骤：1翻译句子。2判断出所填的连词引导的是名词性从句。3分析设空所在句子的成分，若少主，宾，表则用what；若不缺成分和意义，则用that;否则据意义选择。4注意所有的从句用陈述语序。巩固练习which/that/who/whose/whom/as/when/where/why1.Thatbankwasopenedlastweekisaverymodernone.2.Anarchitectisapersondesignshousesandbuildings.1.Theisland,isatthemouthoftheriver,isbeingdevelopedasascenicspot.2.Myson,isasurgeon,isnowinSwedenasavisitingscholar.3.Themanyoushookhandsjustnowisheadofourdepartment.4.Theroommyfamilyliveusedtobeagarage.1.ThatisthebookIreferredtoinmytalk.2.Heisateacherweallhavehighrespectfor.1.Thisisthebestfilmhaseverbeenmade.ThefirstplacewevisitedwastheGreatWall.2.Theonlyfurniturehehadintheroomwasabedandasmalldesk.3.ThatisallIwanttosay.IsthereanythingIcandoforyou?44.Theytalkedaboutpersonsandthingstheyrememberedintheschool.5.IsthereanybookIcanreferto?6.Whoisthegirlisstandingattheschoolgate?Whichisthebookyouwanttoborrow?1.Theheroleftlegwaslostinthewariswelllookedafter.2.Onthehillweremapletreesleaveshadturnedred.Onthehillweremapletreestheleaveshadturnedred.Onthehillweremapletreestheleaveshadturnedred.Heisateacher,isclearfromhismanner.isnatural,shemarriedanAmericanbusinessman.Heusedsuchexpressionshecouldfindinthetexts.Theystayedforthenightinthesameroomtheyhadoncerented.Istillrememberthedaywefirstmet.Wewillneverforgetthedaywespenttogether.Wewillneverforgerthedayweworkedtogether.ThecityIwasbornisonthenewrailwayline.Iliketotakemyvacationinthemountain,isquietandbeautiful.Iliketotakemyvacationinthemountain,therearemanyplants.Thisisthereasonheleftthecompany.Thisisthereasonhegaveusforhisaction.Thisisthereasonhedidthatthing.1.Ihavetwobrothers,_hasgotajob.A.noneofthemB.noneofwhomC.neitherofthemD.neitherofwhom2.Thelibrary,_manystudentsoftengotoreadbooks,willberebuilt.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.when3.TherearemanyresearchcentersinChina_someanimalsar