自考英语综合模拟试题.doc

（答案解析） 一、综合题。1.What are the differences between Britain and the British Isles, Great Britain, England, the United Kingdom and the British Commonwealth?2.Whereabouts in Great Britain are mostly highland and lowland?3.Does Britain have a favorable climate? Why?4.What are the three natural zones in Scotland?5.What is the difference between the ancestors of the English and Scots, Welsh and Irish?6.Why was the Roman influence on Britain so limited?7.What do you know about king Alfred? What makes him worthy of the title of Alfred the Great?8.What contributions did the early Anglo-Saxons make to the English State?9.What were the consequences of the Norman Conquest?10.How did King Henry II reform the courts and the law?11.What was the significance of the Great Charter?12.What were the causes of the Hundred Years War?13.What were the significances of the Hundred Years War?答案部分一、综合题。1.【正确答案】The British Isles, Great Britain and England are geographical names, not the official names of the country, while the official name is the United Kingdom, but the full name is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. The British Commonwealth is a free association of independent countries that were once colonies of Britain.2.【正确答案】The north and west of Britain are mainly highland, while the east and south-east are mostly lowlands.3.【正确答案】Yes, it has a favourable climate. Because it has a maritime type of climate-winter is mild, not too cold, and summer is cool, not too hot. It has a steady reliable rainfall throughout the whole year. It has a small range of temperature, too.4.【正确答案】The three natural zones in Scotland are: the Highlands in the north, the central Lowlands and the southern Uplands.5.【正确答案】The ancestors of the English are Anglo-Saxons, while the Scots, Welsh and Irish are Celts.6.【正确答案】The Roman Conquest was never a total occupation for a few reasons. First, some parts of the country resisted. Secondly, Roman troops were often withdrawn from Britain to fight in other parts of the Roman Empire. Thirdly, the Romans always treated the Britons as a subject people of slave class. Never during the 4 centuries did the Romans and Britons intermarry. The Romans had no impact on the language or culture of ordinary Britons.7.【正确答案】Alfred, King of Wessex, was strong enough to defeat the Danes. Alfred is known as “the father of the British navy” as he founded a strong fleet which first beat the Danes at sea, then protected the coasts and encouraged trade. A learned man himself, he encouraged learning in others, established schools and formulated a legal system. This, as well as his admirable work with the army and the navy, makes him worthy of his title “Alfred the Great”. But the Danes were too strong to be driven back. The good king was compelled to make a treaty with them, allowing them to keep the eastern part of England, which later known as the Dane law.8.【正确答案】They laid the foundations of the English state. They divided the country into shires, with shire courts and sheriffs responsible for administering laws as comprehensive as any in the early medieval world. They devised the narrow-strip, three-field farming system, which continued until the agricultural revolution in the 18th century. They also established the manorial system, whereby the lord of the manor collected taxes, and organized the local army. They created the Witan to advise the king, the basis of the Privy Council which still exists today.9.【正确答案】The Norman Conquest of 1066 is one of the best known events in English history. It brought about many consequences. William the Conqueror confisticated almost all the land and gave it to his Norman followers. He replaced the weak Saxon rule with a strong Norman government. So the feudal system was completely established in England. William the Conqueror built the Tower of London as a military fortress. He put the administration of justice under the control of the King. He replaced the Witan with the Great Council. He further strengthened his power by replacing English bishops with Normans and making himself head of bishops. He favored a closer link between the English church and Rome. Relations with the Continent were opened, and civilization and commerce were extended. Norman-French culture, language, manners, and architecture were introduced. One of the most striking manifestation of the great influence of the Norman conquerors was naturally to be seen in the language. The conquest started a bi-linguistic period in English history. The Normans continued to speak their French language for about three centuries after the conquest while the English subjects spoke their English tongue, which is called “ Middle English”. The English language that regained supremacy in the field of literature was very different from what it had been before the Conquest. The structure of the language remained English. The common words that appeared in the sentence, such as auxiliary verbs, pronouns, prepositions and conjunctions, were almost all retained. But many French words and terms employed by the Normans were adopted into the English language, including the words dealing with government, cooking, costume, the church and the law.10.【正确答案】Henry II greatly strengthened the kings Court and extended its judicial work. 1）He divided the country into six circuits （a circuit is a county consisting of several towns ） and appointed itinerant justices （traveling judges） to each of them.2） In Henry IIs reign a common law was gradually established in place of the customs of the manor. 3）.In Henrys day the jury system was at last replacing old English ordeals by fire and water and old Norman trails by battle. 4）.As part of his legal reforms, Henry II, wishing to reform certain abuses in Church government, insisted that all clerks charged with criminal offences should be tried in the kings courts instead of in the Bishops courts.11.【正确答案】Magna Carta was regarded as the foundation of English liberties, it was a statement of the feudal and legal relationship between the Crown and the barons, a guarantee of the freedom of the Church and a limitation of the powers of the king. Though the spirit of Magna Carta was the limitation of the powers of the king, keeping them within the bounds of the feudal law of the land, it has great importance for the development of British as well as American government. The Great Charter was the first step of constitutional experiment and rule of law. It tried to establish a legal relation by defining their respective rights and obligations. The Great Charter paved the way for the new-born bourgeois to get political power because it granted more power to the Great Council, which was the embryonic form of the English Parliament. The Great Charter laid down the basic rules for the English and American legal system. It raised the problem of protecting life, property and preventing possible abusing of power of the government.12.【正确答案】The war was caused by both territorial and economic disputes. Territorially, the Anglo-Norman king had once possessed large tracts of land in France, but King John later lost almost all these possessions except a tiny spot. The English nobility was eager to get back the lost territory on the Continent. Economically, with the establishment of Parliament, the English economy developed remarkably in the early 14th century and the English bourgeoisie rapidly. They wanted to expand foreign markets. As a big power in western Europe, France also wanted to enlarge its spheres of influences. Besides, the English king suspected that France had been giving aid to the Scots in their opposition to England . These conflicts were the major causes of the long war between Britain and France. The war was directly caused by the dispute over the succession to the French throne. When Edward III ruled England, the French king died without leaving a legitimate successor. Edward III claimed he should succeed to the French throne because his mother was a sister of the late French king. The French nobles denied his claim. So Edward III landed in Normandy with an English army. The war broke out.13.【正确答案】The influence of the Hundred Years War. The ending of the Hundred Years war deprived the English king of his possessions on the Continent. But the expulsion of the English from France is regarded as a blessing for both countries. The separation of the two states paved the way for the development of separate English and French national identities. After losing the territory on the Continent, the ruling Normans began to regard England as their home country and think themselves as belonging to the English nation. By the end of the 14th century, the English language was reestablished as the official language and the French language was no longer used in daily life. The bi-linguistic period in English history came to an end. The ending of the war also sped up the decline of feudalism in England. The introduction of guns and gunpowder in war made castles of feudal lords easy to be stormed, increasing the power of the central government. Feudalist separation was becoming impossible and this was to the advantage of commercial development. Guns and gunpowder had to be bought. The need of money thus promoted the moneyed class, including merchants, to a more important position. Thechange thus pushed the growing bourgeoisie onto a high rung of the social ladder in England. A powerful central government would soon replace feudal separation.（答案解析） 一、综合题。1.How did the Glorious Revolution break out? What was the significance of it?2.What do you know about the English Renaissance?3.What do you know about the Gunpowder Plot of 1605?4.What were the consequences of the Civil Wars?5.What is your comment on land enclosures in England?6.What do you know about the Chartist Movement and the Peoples Charter? What is your comment on them?7.What role did Winston Churchill play in the Second World War?8.What are the main contents of Thatcherism?答案部分一、综合题。1.【正确答案】When Charles II died in 1685 without leaving a legitimate heir and succeeded by his brother James II, religious problems came into being again. James II was a Catholic, and hoped to be able to rule without giving up his religious views. England was no more tolerant of a Catholic as king in 1688. So, the English politicians appealed to a Protestant king, William of Orange, to invade and take the English throne. William landed on November 15, 1688 and marched upon London. Upon hearing the news, James II fled to France. William and Mary jointly accepted the Bill of Rights, which excluded any Roman Catholic from the succession, confirmed the principle of the parliamentary supremacy and guaranteed free speech within both the House of Lords and House of Commons. So they were crowned jointly in Westminister Abbey. In England this takeover was relatively smooth, with no bloodshed, nor any execution of the King. This became known as the Glorious Revolution. With the Glorious Revolution, the age of constitutional monarchy, of a monarchy with powers limited by Parliament, began.2.【正确答案】The English Renaissance had 5 characteristics: （1）English culture was revitalized not so much directly by the classics as by contemporary Europeans under the influence of the classics. （2）England as an insular country followed a course of social and political history which was to a great extent independent of the course of history elsewhere in Europe. （3）Owing to the great genius of the 14th century poet Chaucer, the native literature was sufficiently vigorous and experienced in assimilating foreign influences without being subjected by them. （4）English Renaissance literature is primarily artistic, rather than philosophical and scholarly. （5）The Renaissance coincided with the Reformation in England.3.【正确答案】The Catholics were also opposed to the king for his support of the Church of England. They engineered a number of plots to get rid of him. One of the major Catholic conspiracies against James I was The Gunpowder Plot of 1605. On November 5, 1605, a few fanatical Catholics attempted to blow King James and his ministers up in the Houses of Parliament ,where Guy Fawkes had planted barrels of gunpowder in the cellars. But the plot was betrayed and Guy Fawkes was arrested on the threshold of the cellar. The immediate result was the execution of Fawkes and his fellow-conspirators and the imposition of severe anti-Catholic laws. The long-term result has been an annual celebration on November 5, when a bonfire is lit to burn a guy and a firework display is arranged.4.【正确答案】The English Civil War not only overthrew feudal in England but also shook the foundation of the feudal rule in Europe. It is generally regarded as the beginning of modern world history.5.【正确答案】Agriculture enclosure had good as well as bad results: （1）Farms became bigger and bigger units as the great bought up the small. （2）more vegetables, more milk and mire dairy produce were consumed, and diet became more varied; （3）enclosure was a disaster for the tenants evicted from their land by the enclosures. These peasants were forced to look for work in towns, which provided cheap labor for the development of industrial revolution. （4）a new class hostility was introduced into rural relationships. Concentration of land in fewer hands increased the price of land and dashed the labors hopes of ever owning his own land.6.【正确答案】In 1836 a group of skilled workers and small shopkeepers formed the London Working Mens Association. It aimed “to seek by every legal means to place all classes of society in possession of equal political and social rights”. They drew up a charter of political demands （a Peoples Charter） in 1838, with the intension of presenting it to Parliament. The major contents of the Peoples Charter were:1） the vote for all males, 2） voting by secret ballot, 3） equal electoral districts, 4） abolition of property qualifications for members of Parliament, 5） payment of members of Parliament and 6） annual Parliaments, with a General Election every June.Chartism failed because of its weak and divided leadership, and its lack of coordination with trade-unionism. The working class was still immature, without the leadership of a political party armed with correct revolutionary theory. The Chartist movement , however, was the first nationwide working class movement and drew attention to serious problems. Lenin said that Chartism was “the first broad, really mass, politically formed, proletarian revolutionary movement.”7.【正确答案】He received massive popular support as a war leader. Under him the whole nation was mobilized and industries were centered on war production. Finally Britain won the war together with other Allied countries.8.【正确答案】It included the return to private ownership of state-owned industries, the use of monetarist policies （the supply of money in Britain） to control inflation, the weakening of trade unions, the strengthening of the role of market forces in the economy, and an emphasis on law and order.（答案解析） 一、综合题。1.What measures did the Thatcher government take to improve the nations economy?2.How has Britains trade pattern changed in recent years?3.What are the visible trade and invisible trade in Britain?4.What is the Speaker?5.What is the Opposition Party?6.What are the main functions of Parliament?7.What is the rule of Monarchy in the British Government?8.What is the Constitutional Monarchy?9.What is the jurys job?10.What is the function of High Court? How many divisions does it have?11.What are the Common features of all system of law in Britain?答案部分一、综合题。1.【正确答案】Thatchers government took numerous measures to improve the efficiency of the economy during the past decade, using both macroeconomic and microeconomic policies. Macroeconomic measures were directed towards bring down the rate of inflation and achieving price stability. What the British government did was to apply a tight control on the exchange rate and regulation of money growth. The Microeconomic policies were aimed at working with the grain of market forces by encouraging enterprises , efficiency and flexibility. Just as the 1940s decade in Britain is remembered as the era of nationalization, the 1980s will be remembered as the decade of privatization. Generally speaking, the British economy in the 1980s recovered and developed quite significantly. The Thatcher program was successful to some extent.2.【正确答案】Britain has traditionally been an exporter of manufactured goods and an importer of food and basic materials. More recently this pattern has changed, with the share of manufactures falling and that of fuels rising, while manufactures have accounted for a rising proportion of imports.3.【正确答案】Traditionally, Britain has had a deficit on visible trade and a surplus on visible trade. Visible trade is trade of goods while invisible trade refers to trade of services such as tourism and banking . Invisible trade represents a higher proportion of economic activity in Britain than in most developed countries. In terms of invisible receipts, Britain is the second only to the United States. The major segments of the services sector are sea transportation; civil aviation, travel and tourism; financial services , films and televisions, expenditures by foreign students and international organizations and receipts from foreign military forces.4.【正确答案】Parliaments main functions are law-making, authorizing taxation and public expenditure, and examining the actions of the Government. Most of the work is carried on through a system of debates. In the Hou