八年级英语定语从句讲解.doc

The Attributive Clause 定语从句讲解baboon321321定语从句复习The Restrictive Attributive Clause限制性定语从句定语从句The Non-Restrictive Attributive Clause非限制性定语从句幻灯片3限制性定语从句的构成The old lady who lives next to us sells books.You should do all that I said.I have found the teather whom I am looking for .I visited the factory where my father works.先行词 之后,用陈述式语序1.从句位置及语序:“.的”2.翻译方法:关系代词 关系副词关系词3.构成幻灯片4先行词和关系词的关系1.A plane is a machine that can fly. 2.The boy who broke the window is called Tom.3.The boy whose parents are dead was brought up by his grandfather.4.The school where I study is far from my home.the machine = that关系代词实际上是先行词的复指the boy =whothe boys =whose关系词whose实际上是先行词的所有格in the school = where关系副词实际上是介词先行词幻灯片5先行词和关系词的关系Join the following sentences:A plane is a machine. The machine can fly.幻灯片6关系代词的实质Join the following sentences:A plane is a machine. The machine can fly.A plane is can fly.the machinea machine幻灯片7关系代词的实质Join the following sentences:A plane is a machine. The machine can fly.A plane is can fly.a machinethat /which幻灯片8关系代词的实质Join the following sentences:The lady is Green. We saw her yesterday. Who/that we saw yesterday is Green herThe lady幻灯片9关系代词的用法关系代词在从句中可以：指人指物主语宾语that whichwhowhom 做宾语时可以省略何时可以省略？幻灯片10关系代词的用法练习1.The eggs were not fresh. I bought them yesterday.2.The friend was not hungry. He came to supper last night.3.He prefers the cheese. It comes from his parents farm. 4.The noodles were delicious. You cooked them. 5.I dont like the people. They smoke a lot. The eggs (that/which) I bought them were not fresh. The friend who/ that he came to supper last night was not hungry. He prefers the cheese that / which it comes from his parents farm.The noodles( which/ that )you cooked them were delicious.I dont like the people that / who they smoke a lot.幻灯片11关系副词和先行词的关系I still remember the day when I came here. This is the house where I lived last year. There are many reasons why people like traveling. I dont like the way that you speak. on the day =whenin the house= wherefor the reasons =whyin the way =that关系副词实际上是介词先行词幻灯片12几种易混的情况when /in which1.Ill never forget the days_ we worked together. 2.Ill never forget the days _ we spent together. 3.I went to the place I worked ten years ago. 4.I went to the place _ I visited ten years ago. 5.This is the reason _ he was late. 6.This is the reason _ he gave. which及物动词where/ in whichwhich及物动词why/ for whichthat/which及物动词幻灯片13难用的 whoseJoin the following pair of sentences.The teacher praised the student. His English is the best in our class.The teacher praised the student whose English is the best in our class.whose =the students关系词whose实际上是先行词的所有格幻灯片14难用的 whoseJoin the following pair of sentences.The house is mine. The window of the house is broken.The house whose window is broken is mine. whose=the houses windowthe window of which is brokenThe house is mine.of which the window is broken幻灯片15非限制性定语从句Please compare:Teachers who are kind are popular with the students.Mr Wang, who is kind, is popular with the students.The town where I live is beautiful.Kenli, where I live, is beautiful.形式作用能否省略翻译限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句修饰限定不能.的插入成分补充解释能幻灯片16分析两种定语从句省略后的结果Teachers who are kind are popular with the students.Mr Wang, who is kind, is popular with the students.幻灯片17分析两种定语从句省略后的结果The town where I live is beautiful.Kenli, where I live, is beautiful.限制性定语从句省略后主语所指就不明确，所以不能省略幻灯片18非限制性定语从句和单句的比较which1.I am reading Harry Porter, _is an interesting book.2.He failed in the exam._ made his parents angry.3.He failed in the exam, _made his parents angry.Thiswhich that4.He has two sons. Both of _ are teachers. 5.He has two sons, both of _ are teachers.themwhom幻灯片19as 引导的非限制性定语从句ItThe earth is round._ is known to all.The earth is round,_ is known to all._ is known to all, the earth is round_ is known to all that the earth is round.which/ as As定语从句在句首时只能用as,Itas 具有正如之意，与之搭配的动词一般是固定的，如：as you know/ as you see/as we planned/as we expected幻灯片20as 引导的非限制性定语从句 (1)Please compare:This is the same pen as I lost.This is the same pen that I lost.这本书和我丢的那本一模一样。这本书就是我丢的那本。幻灯片21as 引导的限制性定语从句 (2)Please complete the following sentences and compare:asThis is such an interesting book _ we all like.This is so interesting a book _ we all like.This is such an interesting book _we all like it.This is so interesting a book _we all like it.as这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣的一本书。(定语从句)thatthat这本书如此有趣，大家都喜欢。(结果状语从句)幻灯片22介词+关系代词的情况 1The man whom you spoke was a scientist.The city which she lives is far away.toin幻灯片23介词+关系代词的情况 2Are these two sentences right?The man who/whom you spoke was a scientist.The city that/which she lives is far away.toin幻灯片24介词+关系代词的情况 3Are these two sentences right? The man who/whom you spoke was a scientist.The city that/which she lives is far away.to in可见,who、that 不能用与介词之后 幻灯片25介词+关系代词的情况 4下面两句中的介词能提前吗?Is this the watch that you are looking for?The old man whom I am looking after is better . 在固定短语中介词不能提前幻灯片26介词+关系代词的情况 练习on whichl 1. Do you like the book she spent $10? l 2. Do you like the book she paid $10?l 3. Do you like the book she learned a lot? l 4. Do you like the book she often talks? l 5. He built a telescope he could study the skies.for whichfrom whichabout whichthrough which幻灯片27under whichl 6. There is a tall tree outside, stands our teacher.l 7. China has a lot of rivers, the second longest _l is the Yellow River.l 8. The tower _ people can have a good view l is on the hill.l 9. The man _ I spoke on the phone last night l is very good at wrestling.l 10. He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows, l most _ hadnt been cleaned for at least a year.of whichfrom whichto whomof which幻灯片28只能用that 做关系代词的情况1.当先行词是不定代词时,如:All ,few, little, much, every, something, anything, everything, 等2.当先行词被the only, the very, the same, little, few, no, any等修饰时3.当人和物合做先行词时4.当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时 5.在疑问词who、which、what开头的句子中幻灯片29只能用which 做关系代词的情况在非限制性定语从句中在介词后面幻灯片30 Exercise that , which or who?1.He did all / everything _he could to help me.2.This is the very thing _ I am after.3.We talked about the men and the things _ we remembered at school.4.He is the only man _ can do the work.5.This is the first thing _ I want to say.6.He is the finest man _ I have ever worked with.7.Who is the man _ spoke to you at the gate.8.Which is the star _ is nearest to the earth.thatthatthatthatthatthatthatthat幻灯片31that , which ,whose, whom or who?that9.Is there anything else _ you want to say?10.Any person _ has the money can join the group.11.He often speaks the role he played in the play, _ made others upset.12.He opened the door, in front of _ sat a boy.13.The man to _ I spoke is a famous scientist.14.The boy _ mother is dead was brought up by his father.thatwhichwhich whomwhose幻灯片32Have a try指出关系代词（副词）在定语从句中的成份：1.The man who came to our school is Mr. Wang. ( )2.The girl (whom) I met is Lucy. ( )3.A child whose parents are dead is called Tom. ( )4.I like the book (which) you bought yesterday. ( ) l 主语l 宾语l 定语l 宾语幻灯片33Have a tryl 定语l 介宾l 宾语l 状语5. His parents wouldnt let him marry anyone whose family was poor. ( )6. I like the person to whom you just talked. ( )7. We shall never forget the days (that) we spent together. ( )8. We shall never the days when we lived together. ( )幻灯片34考点一：that和which以下情况，引导词用that，不用which。1. 先行词为不定代词everything，little，much，all，anything，nothing。e.g. Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen.2. 先行词前有形容词最高级、序数词修饰时，用that。e.g. This is the best book (that) Ive ever read.幻灯片35考点一：that和which3. 先行词被the only，the very，the last 修饰时，用that。e.g. He is the only person that I want to see now.4. 先行词同时指人和指物时，用that。e.g. We talked about the things and persons that we saw then.5. 定语从句内容为解释名词的性质、概念时，需用that。e.g. A plane is a machine that can fly.幻灯片36考点二：连接词which的用法 B B Which引导非限定性定语从句，其先行词可是一个词,也可是整个主句或主句的某一部分。e.g. 1. She heard a terrible noise, _ brought her heart into her mouth. A. it B. which C. this D. that 2. The weather turned out to be good, _ was more than we could expect. A. what B. which C. that D. it 幻灯片37考点三：介词+关系代词* “of + which/whom”可用来限定名词、代词、分数词、数词等。e.g. 1. In the dark street, there wasnt a single person _ she could turn for help. A. that B. who C. from whom D. to whom 2. He paid the boy $10 for washing the windows, most of _ hadnt been cleaned for at least a year. A. these B. those C. that D. which DD幻灯片38关系代词前介词的确定1.根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系，请体会：e.g. Is that the newspaper for which you often write articles?2. 根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配，如：e.g. Can you explain to me how to use these idioms about which Im sure.3. 根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯，请体会：e.g. 1949 was the year in which the P.R.C. was founded.幻灯片39关系代词前介词的确定4.非限制性定与从句中，要表示先行词的一部分时，可用“数词/代词 + of + 关系代词”的结构，如：e.g. There are 50 students in our class, two- thirds of whom have been to Beijing.幻灯片40关系代词前的介词的确定5. Whose从句可转换为“ of +关系代词”型，如：e.g. They live in a house, whose door opens to the south. They lived in a house, of which the door opens to the south. They lived in a house, the door of which open to the south.幻灯片41Can you work them out?Fill in the blanks with proper prepositions:1. The sun gives us heat and light, _ which we cant live.2. The student _ whom we were talking just now is the best student in our class.3. Ill never forget the day _ which she said good-bye to me.4. Who can give me the reason _ which he hasnt turned up yet?withoutaboutonfor幻灯片42考点四:关系副词的运用在限定性和非限定性从句中，when的先行词是时间名词，where的先行词是地点名词，分别在定语从句中做状语。e.g.1. After living in Paris for 50 years he returned to the small town _ he grew up as a child. A. which B. where C. that D. when 2. It was an exciting moment for these people this year, _ for the first time their team won the World Cup. A. that B. while C. which D. when B D幻灯片43考点五：as与which引导的定语从句 两者均可引导非限制性定语从句，有时可以互换，但下列情况多用as。1. 关系代词引导的定语从句居句首时。e.g. As we all know, the earth is round.2. 当与such或the same连用时，一般用as。e.g. Such books as you tell me are interesting. I have the same plan as you.幻灯片44Go on Please!3. 当从句和主句语义一致时，用as，反之则用which。e.g. She has married again, as was expected. She has married again, which was unexpected.幻灯片45Go on please!4. as在从句中作主语时，后面常接行为动词的被动语态，如be known，be said，be reported等，如从句中行为动词是主动语态，一般要用which作主语。e.g. She has been late again, as was expected. Tom has made great progress, which made us happy.幻灯片46Correct the sentences:1. Im using the pen which he bought it yesterday.2. Is that factory which your father once worked in?3. The man whom I spoke is from Canada.4. July 1,1999 is the day when well never forget._(去掉)the oneto_which幻灯片47Correct the sentences:5. I still remember the holidays I stayed with them.6. Im going to work in the hospital where needs me.7. Those that havent been to the West Lake will gather at the school gate.8. I dont like the way which you talked to your friend.when_(that/which)_