浙江省杭州市外国语学校高考英语集训阅读理解每日一练48.doc

杭州外国语学校2013年高考英语集训阅读理解每日一练48倒数第一周星期三 (a)some of you must have complained why there are so many english words that you have to memorize every day.however, do you know how many words the english language has exactly? maybe ten thousand, one hundred thousand, orevenone million!every 98 minutes, there is a new english word beingcreated. last time when words were beingaddedto the language at this rate was during thedaysof william shakespeare. thewidespreadpopularity of english hasbroughtthe most fertile (丰富的) period of word creation. about 1.53 billion people speak english as aprimary, a second or a business language. the global language monitor,locatedin the state of texas in the us, has been recording english word creation since 2003. now, there are almost one million english words.words that are predicted to be the one millionthinclude“defollow”, “defriend”, “noob”, and “greenwashing”. “defollow” and “defriend” are internet words,describingwhat users do with a person they do not wish tostayin touch with on the internet. “noob” is an offending name for someone newtoa particular task or community. the word “greenwashing”refers towhat companies do to appearenvironmentallyfriendly. and “chiconomics” means a difficult time in fashion. of course, there is apossibilitythat the one millionth word will be a sixth choice. the global language monitor onceexpectedthat the millionth english word would be “imminent” in 2006, but the organization hasput off that expected date more than once. other experts havehave expresseddoubts about its methods because they dont think that there is an agreement about how to classify a word. 61. which of the following is true according to the passage? a. there are over one billion people speak english as a primary language.b. the one millionth word has six choices.c. the global language monitor is in america.d. there is an agreement about how to classify a word.62. how many words can be created in a day? a. 15 b. 20 c. 25 d. 3063. whats the meaning of “defollow”, “defriend” according to the passage? a. you add a friend on the internet.b. you dont want to keep in touch with your friend on the internet.c. you delete the friend that you dont want to stay in touch with.d. you dont like your friend any more.64. we can infer that this passage was written _. a. in 2003 b. in 2005 c. in 2006 d. after 2006 (b)feeling blue about the world? “cheer up.” says science writer matt ridley. “the world has never been a better place to live in, and it will keep on getting better both for humans and for nature.”ridley calls himself a rational optimistrational, because hes carefully weighed the evidence; optimistic, because that evidence shows human progress to be both unavoidable and good. and this is what hes set out to prove from a unique point of view in his most recent book, the rational optimist. he views mankind as a grand enterprise that, on the whole, has done little but progress for 100,000 years. he backs his findings with hard facts gathered through years of research.heres how he explains his views.1 ) shopping fuels inventionit is reported that there are more than ten billion different products for sale in london alone. even allowing for the many people who still live in poverty, our own generation has access to more nutritious food, more convenient transport, bigger houses, better cars, and, of course, more pounds and dollars than any who lived before us. this will continue as long as we use these things to make other things. the more we specialize and exchange, the better off well be.2) brilliant advancesone reason we are richer, healthier, taller, cleverer, longerlived and freer than ever before is that the four most basic human needsfood, clothing, fuel and shelterhave grown a lot cheaper. take one example. in 1800 a candle providing one hours light cost six hours work. in the 1880s the same light from an oil lamp took 15 minutes work to pay for. in 1950 it was eight seconds. today its half second.3 ) lets not kill ourselves for climate changemitigating (减轻) climate change could prove just as damaging to human welfare as climate change itself. a child that dies from indoor smoke in a village, where the use of fossilfuel (化石燃料) electricity is forbidden by wellmeaning members of green political movements trying to save the world, is just as great a tragedy as a child that dies in a flood caused by climate change. if climate change proves to be mild, but cutting carbon causes real pain, we may well find that we have stopped a nosebleed by putting a tourniquet (止血带) around our necks.65. what is the theme of ridleys most recent book? a. weakness of human nature. b. concern about climate change. c. importance of practical thinking. d. optimism about human progress.66. how does ridley look at shopping? a. it encourages the creation of things. b. it results in shortage of goods. c. it demands more fossil fuels. d. it causes a poverty problem.67. the candle and lamp example is used to show that _. a. oil lamps give off more light than candles b. shortening working time brings about a happier life c. advanced technology helps to produce better candles d. increased production rate leads to lower cost of goods68. what does the last sentence of the passage imply? a. cutting carbon is necessary in spite of the huge cost. b. overreaction to climate change may be dangerous. c. peoples health is closely related to climate change. d. careless medical treatment may cause great pain.（c）psychology(心理学) has a new application in the field of medicine. many doctors, together with their patients, are looking for alternative methods of treatment of physical problems. in large hospitals, modern therapy(疗法) seems to focus on the physical disease. patients may feel they are treated like broken machines. some doctors have recognized this as a problem. they are now using psychological therapy, in which the patient is working with the doctors against the disease with the help of medicine. the patient does not wait for the medicine and treatment to cure him or her, but instead the patient joins in the fight.the doctor knows that a disease affects a patients body physically. the body of the patient changes because of the disease. he is not only physically affected, but also has an emotional response to the disease. because his mind is affected, his attitude and behavior change. the medical treatment might cure the patients physical problems, but the patients mind must fight the emotional ones. for example, the studies of one doctor, carl simonton, m. d， have shown that a typical cancer patient has predictable attitudes. she typically feels depressed, upset, and angry. her constant depression makes her acts unfriendly toward her family, friends, doctors, and nurses. such attitudes and behaviors prevent recovery. therefore, a doctors treatment must help the patient change that. simontons method emphasizes treatment of the “whole” patient.the attitude of a cancer patient receiving radiation therapy, an xray treatment, can become more positive. the physician who is following simontons psychological treatment plan suggests that the patient imagine that he or she can see the tumor(肿瘤) in the body. in the mental picture, the patient “sees” a powerful beam of radiation like a million bullets of energy. the patient imagines the beam hitting the tumor cells and causing them to shrink. for another cancer patient, dr. simonton asks him to imagine the medicine going from the stomach into the bloodstream and to the cancer cells. the patient imagines that the medicine is like an army fighting the diseased cells and sees the cancer cells gradually dying and his blood carry away the dead cells. both the medical therapy and the patients positive attitude fight the disease. doctors are not certain why this mental therapy works. however, this use of psychology does help some patients because their attitudes about themselves change. they become more confident because they use the power within their own minds to help stop the disease.another application of using the mind to help cure disease is the use of suggestions therapy. at first, the doctor helps the patient to concentrate deeply. the patient thinks only about one thing. he becomes so unaware of other things around him that he is asleep, or rather in a trance(催眠状态). then the physician makes “a suggestion” to the patient about the medical problem. the patients mind responds to the suggestion even after the patient is no longer in the trance. in this way, the patient uses his mind to help his body respond to treatment.doctors have learned that this use of psychology is helpful for both adults and children. for example, physicians have used suggestions to help adults deal with the strong pain of some disease. furthermore, sometimes the adult patient worries about her illness so much that the anxiety keeps her from getting well. the right suggestions may help the patient to stop being anxious. such treatment may help the patient with chronic(慢性的)diseases. asthma (哮喘)is an example of a chronic disorder. asthma is a disease that causes the patient to have difficulty in breathing. the patient starts to cough and sometimes has to fight to get the air that he or she needs. psychology can help relieve the symptoms of this disorder. after suggestion therapy, the asthma patient breathes more easily.physicians have learned that the psychological method is very useful in treating children. children respond quickly to the treatment because they are fascinated by it. for example, dr. basil r. collison has worked with 121 asthmatic children in sydney, australia, and had good results. twentyfive of the children had excellent results. they were able to breathe more easily, and they did not need medication. another fortythree were also helped. the symptoms of the asthma occurred less frequently, and when they did, they were not as strong. most of the children also felt better about themselves. doctors have also used suggestions to change habits like nailbiting, thumbsucking, and sleeprelated problems.many professional medical groups have accepted the medical use of psychology and that psychology has important applications in medicine.69. what does the passage mainly discuss?a. how suggestion therapy benefits adults and children.b. how modern therapy focuses on the disease.c. responses from the medical world.d. how to use the mind against disease.70. how does psychological therapy work?a. the patient waits for the medicine and treatment to cure him.b. the doctor uses medical treatment to cure the patients problems.c. the doctor, the medicine, and the patient work together to fight disease.d. the patient uses his mind to cure himself.71. what can we learn from the studies of carl simonton, m. d？a. the medical treatment can cure the patients mental disease.b. the treatment of a patient by treating the body and the mind is necessary.c. the mental treatment is more important than medical treatment. d. few patients have emotional response to the disease. 72. the use of psychological therapy is helpful to some patients in that _.a. the medical effect is better with psychological therapy than without itb. the patients can see a powerful beam of radiation hitting their tumor cellsc. the patients attitudes towards themselves have changed d. the patients are easy to accept the methods the doctors use to treat them73. it can be learned from the passage that suggestion therapy cannot be used to _.a. help adults deal with the strong pain of some diseasesb. help the patients with chronic diseasesc. help change some bad habitsd. help cure patients of insomnia(失眠症)74. according to the passage, which of the following remains unknown so far?a. the value of mental therapy.b. the effectiveness of suggestion therapy.c. the working principle of suggestion therapy.d. the importance of psychology in medical treatment.(d)tom appeared on the sidewalk with a bucket of whitewash and a longhandled brush. he stopped by the fence in front of the house where he lived with his aunt polly. he looked at it, and all joy left him. the fence was long and high. he put the brush into the whitewash and moved it along the top of the fence. he repeated the operation. he felt he could not continue and sat down.he knew that his friends would arrive soon with all kinds of interesting plans for the day. they would walk past him and laugh. they would make jokes about his having to work on a beautiful summer saturday. the thought burned him like fire.he put his hand into his pockets and took out all that he owned. perhaps he could find some way to pay someone to do the whitewashing for him. but there was nothing of value in his pocketsnothing that could buy even half an hour of freedom. so he put the bits of toys back into his pockets and gave up the idea.at this dark and hopeless moment, a wonderful idea came to him. it filled his mind with a great, bright light. calmly he picked up the brush and started again to whitewash.while tom was working, ben rogers appeared. ben was eating an apple as he walked along the street. as he walked along it, he was making noises like the sound of a riverboat. first he shouted loudly, like a boat captain. then he said “dingdongdong”， “dingdongdong” again and again, like the bell of a riverboat. and he made other strange noises. when he came close to tom, he stopped.tom went on whitewashing. he did not look at ben. ben stared a moment and then said: “hello! im going swimming, but you cant go, can you？”no answer. tom moved his brush carefully along the fence and looked at the result with the eye of an artist. ben came nearer. toms mouth watered for the apple, but he kept on working.ben said, “hello, old fellow, youve got to work, hey？”tom turned suddenly and said, “why, its you, ben! i wasnt noticing.”“say im going swimming. dont you wish you could? but of course youd rather workwouldnt you? of course you would.”tom looked at the boy a bit, and said “what do you call work？”“why, isnt that work？”tom went back to his whitewashing, and answered carelessly.“well, maybe it is, and maybe it isnt. all i know is, it suits tom sawyer.”“oh come, now, you dont mean to say that you like it？” the brush continued to move.“like it? well, i dont see why i shouldnt like it. does a boy get a chance to whitewash a fence every day？”ben stopped eating his apple. tom moved his brush back and forth, stepped back to look at the result, added a touch here and there, and stepped back again. ben watched every move and got more and more interested. soon he said，“say, tom, let me whitewash a little.”tom thought for a moment, and was about to agree, but he changed his mind.“nonoit wont do, ben. you see, aunt polly wants this fence to be perfect. it has got to be done very carefully. i dont think there is one boy in a thousand, maybe two thousand, that can do it well enough.”“nois that so? oh come, now let me just try. only just a little.” “ben, id like to, but if it isnt done right, im afraid aunt polly ”“oh, ill be careful. now let me try. say ill give you the core of my apple.”“well, here no, ben, now dont. im afraid ”“ill give you all of it.”tom gave up the brush with unwillingness on his face, but joy in his heart. and while ben worked at the fence in the hot sun, tom sat under a tree, eating the apple, and planning how to get more help. there were enough boys. each one came to laugh, but remained to whitewash. by the time ben was tired, tom sold the next chance to billy for a kite; and when billy was tired, johnny bought it for a dead rat and so on, hour after hour. and when the middle of the afternoon came, tom had won many treasures.and he had not worked.